Hydrophilic amino acids such as serine, threonine, arginine, etc. are expected to be on the solvent-exposed surface once it folds.
Amino acids are the molecules essential for the synthesis of proteins. These amino acids join together by peptide bond to form the protein. The structure if any amino acids includes a hydrogen atom, a variable R group an amino group and a carboxylic group attached to one carbon atom called the alpha carbon.
Hydrophilic means water loving. Those substances that are hydrophilic can easily interact with the water molecules. The hydrophilic amino acids are arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, lysine, serine, threonine, etc.
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There are more than 6,000 marine-protected areas (mpas) worldwide accounting for approximately ______ percent of the world's surface ocean.
Only 4.8 percent of the global ocean is protected by MPAs, with 2 percent of that total designated as highly or fully protected areas.
What is a Marine Protected Area?An instrument of spatially based management and conservation intended to lessen human impact on populations, communities, and habitats, typically with a fishing-related focus.
In reefal environments, typical bioturbators include crustaceans, annelid worms (polychaetes, oligochaetes, etc.), gastropods, bivalves, holothurians, fish, and numerous other infaunal and epifaunal organisms that feed on, burrow into, and rework sediment particles in the uppermost sediment layers.
The ability of MPAs to safeguard marine ecosystems and other marine resources is constrained, despite their advantages. The percentage of oceans that are protected globally is only about 1%.
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True or false: all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the greater will be the need for external financing.
False: all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the greater will be the need for external financing.
What is external financing?External financing is money raised by a company from outside sources, rather than through its profits.
External financing is also any kind of business funding you acquire from sources outside the company.
Examples include;
Bank loans,grants,selling company shares, etcThus, all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the lower will be the need for external financing.
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Because fungi do not move and their ability to get nutrients was not known, scientists formerly placed fungi into what kingdom?
Because fungi do not move and their ability to get nutrients was not known, scientists formerly placed fungi into kingdom Plantae.
Fungi is one of the kingdoms of the classification system. The organisms from fungi are eukaryotic, and they can be unicellular or multicellular. The most common and useful fungi is yeast. It is highly used in baking, cooking and brewing.
Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. The common features of Plantae are that they are multicellular, have root, stem and leaves. The most important component of plants is chlorophyll. Plants can perform photosynthesis with the help of chlorophyll and hence are autotrophic.
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the temperate rain forests tend to be very wet, like the tropical rain forests. however, the temperate rain forests have temperatures.
The temperate rain forests tend to be very wet, like the tropical rain forests. However, the temperate rain forests have temperatures ranging from 32°F to 68°F.
Temperate rainforests are the broad-leaf forests that receive heavy rainfalls. The forests can be seen at the regions where oceans are present. The trees of these forests can be up to 100 meters long or even more. Temperate rainforests are present only in small area of the world.
Tropical rainforests are where there occurs no dry season and they experience an average rainfall of about 60 mm all over the year. The tropical rainforests can be described as hot and wet.
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What is shown in the image?
The Flagella are prolongation of the cell used to move on liquid environments. Option A) prokaryote.
What are flagella?The Flagella are mobile prolongation of the cell. They are organs used by bacteria and some eukaryotic cells to propel in a liquid environment. It is an organ with a motion function.
According to the attached definition and classification, we can assume the cell in the image is a lophotrichous bacteria. Option A) prokaryote.
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Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.
b. In the school pond there were lots of water lilies with large leaves covering the surface. There were not many plants growing below the surface. Suggest a reason for this.
(a) (i) Beaker A showed best growth of waterweed.
(ii) The change in color was due to absence of light which inhibited photosynthesis.
(b) Not many plants grew below the surface in the pond as the large leaves of water lilies covering the surface blocked the entry of light in the water.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
(a) Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.
i) In which beaker did the waterweed grow best? Give the correct letter.
ii) The waterweed in the box changed from dark green to pale yellow. Why did this happen?
(b) In the school pond there were lots of water lilies with large leaves covering the surface. There were not many plants growing below the surface. Suggest a reason for this.
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Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall?
a. fungi
b. mycoplasmas
c. protoplasts
d. animal cells
A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells.
Fungi have cell wall , which is made up of chitin.
What are the functions of cell wall?A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells. It can be tough, flexible, and rigid at times. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, as well as acting as a filtering mechanism.
The main functions are cell wall is to provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell. It maintains the shape of the cell, protect it from burst out, provide protection against pathogens and regulates intercellular transport .
Protoplast is a living protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell wall has been removed, mycoplasma is Bacteria who lacks cell wall, animal cells also lack cell wall only Fungi have cell wall which made up of chitin.
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According to genome analysis, a member of the genus _________ is most closely related to the mitochondrion.
Rickettsia
According to genome analysis, a member of the genus Rickettsia is most closely related to the mitochondrion.
A category of illnesses known as rickettsioses are typically brought on by Rickettsia species, an obligate intracellular bacterial genus. Ticks carry the majority of the Rickettsioses, but fleas, lice, and mites can also carry them.What Rickettsia symptoms are present?Fever, headache, and rash are common symptoms of both parkeri rickettsiosis and RMSF, although the latter also frequently features the formation of an inoculation eschar at the site of tick attachment. Eschar is not frequently present in RMSF patients.How is rickettsia infection spread?The most common way that rickettsiae and rickettsia-like bacteria are transferred from animals to humans is through the bites of ticks, mites, fleas, or lice. Since they transport pathogenic germs from one host to another, ticks, mites, fleas, and lice are referred to as vectors.To learn more about rickettsia visit:
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A client suffers from bloody diarrhea after eating contaminated food at a local restaurant. the client has been infected with a(an)?
A client suffers from bloody diarrhea after eating contaminated food at a local restaurant. the client has been infected with a(an) bacteria.
Bacteria are microorganisms that are present everywhere in the environment. A bacteria can be transmitted to a host organism, such as humans, through various means such as food, air, water, other vectors, etc.
In order to stay away from diseases spread by bacteria, it is important to maintain a clean environment. Eating food that is contaminated can cause adverse effects to the body such as food poisoning, diarrhea etc. Before eating food, it should be ensured that the ingredients used are cleaned properly and the food is properly cooked.
Food from local restaurants, where no care for cleanliness is taken, is more prone to be having bacteria growing in the food.
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The tactile system is actually made up of two distinct skin senses. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The assumption that the tactile system consists of two different skin senses is false.
The tactile sensory systemWe can sense, perceive, organise, and integrate information using the tactile system, which is a component of the nervous system, by using the skin's receptors. The first sense system to form while a child is within the womb is the touch system.What functions do the tactile sensory organs perform?The tactile system is what you can feel with your hands. It's how humans experience the full range of touch sensations, such as pain, temperature, vibrations, and textures. Our bodies have skin-based sensors that communicate with our brains in various ways. We are informed by these indications of what and when we have touched something.learn more about skin senses here
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Answer:
its false
edge2022
Which cellular structures are composed of many amphipathic molecules that are driveen together under the influence of the hydrophobic effect?
The hydrophobic effect causes a large number of amphipathic molecules, which make up cellular membranes, to be drawn together.
What components make up the cell membrane?With a few rare exceptions, glycerophospholipids, which are made up of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains, are the primary component of cellular membranes, including plasma membranes and interior membranes. The three-carbon molecule glycerol serves as the framework for these membrane lipids.What use does a cell membrane serve?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.learn more about cellular membrane here
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Place each attribute into the bin of the bacterial group it belongs to, based on whether the bacterium is a gram-positive or a gram-negative cell.
The attributes of the two categories of bacterial groups are given as follows:
Group A: Gram-positive bacterial cell wall:
thick layer of peptidoglycanteichoic acidssingle lipid bilayer membraneGroup B: Gram-negative bacterial cell wall:
thin layer of peptidoglycanperiplasmic spacelipopolysaccharidesdual lipid bilayer membranesWhat is a gram Negative Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall that is surrounded by an outer lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are encircled by peptidoglycan layers that are several times thicker than those seen in Gram-negative bacteria.
What is a gram Positive Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-positive bacteria's cell wall is a complex assembly of glycopolymers and proteins.
A thick peptidoglycan sacculus surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane and is adorned with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins.
What are the similarities and differences?Bacteria having thick cell walls are classified as Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms show positive in a Gram stain test. The chemical dye used in the test colors the bacterium's cell wall purple.
Gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand, do not. Instead, they stain pink.
Despite the fact that both types of bacteria can cause sickness, they require distinct therapies. If you have a bacterial illness, the Gram stain will tell you what sort of treatment you require.
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Full Question:
The thickness of this sugar-protein scaffold of peptidoglycan can be used to separate most bacteria into two groups. In your tutorial, you want to illustrate to the students that the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer can be used by microbiologists to differentiate many bacteria by only using an easy staining method that all microbiologists will have to master. This staining procedure, known as the Gram stain, is based on the retention of dyes within the cell wall for a positive result or the rinsing away of the dyes and leakage of the membrane for a negative result. A thicker cell wall will allow for retention of dye crystals that will give the bacterial cell a blue-purple color (positive result), but the thinner cell walls will not allow for the retention of these crystals during rinsing, which will mean that these cells will then be colorless unless another dye that does not require interaction with the cell wall to maintain its retention is used (negative result). In addition to differences in cell wall thickness, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria also differ in the proteins and lipids associated with their cell walls, as well as the composition of their cell membranes. Gram-positive walls are composed of an underlying cytoplasmic membrane, with the thick peptidoglycan layer on the outside offering support. Proteins anchor the membrane and the cell wall together to provide support and structure between the two. Gram-negative staining walls have a different layout. You try to explain in your tutorial that even though these bacteria stain "negative" they do have a thin layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched in between two lipid bilayer membranes.
Place each attribute into the bin of the bacterial group it belongs to, based on whether the bacterium is a Gram-positive or a Gram-negative cell.
Which neurotransmitters are most likely in undersupply in someone who is depressed?
a. serotonin and norepinephrine
b. oxytocin and gaba
c. dopamine and andenosine
d. ach and histamine
e. epinephrine and glutamate
The neurotransmitters that are most likely in undersupply in someone who is depressed are: serotonin and norepinephrine; option A
What are neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are chemicals whose main function is in transmitting nervous impulse across the neurons of the body.
Neurotransmitters are important as the over -production or under-production of neurotransmitters in that body can affect the mood and behavior of individuals.
The neurotransmitters in the body include:
dopamine serotoninnorepinephrineepinephrine andglutamateSerotonin and norepinephrine act as mood elevators. Therefore, a low amount of these neurotransmitters could lead to depressed moods.
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A mutation that ______ may confer a beneficial trait to a population of organisms, and eventually lead to evolution.
A mutation that increases survival and reproduction may confer a beneficial trait to a population of organisms, and eventually lead to evolution.
In the field of biology, a mutation can be described as a change that arises in the DNA of an organism.
There are numerous reasons for a mutation to occur such as errors during the DNA replication, environmental factors, viral factors etc.
A mutation is not always bad. Sometimes, a mutation can provide an organism with a better trait. A mutation that increases the survival rate or reproduction rate of an organism is considered to be beneficial. Such a mutation when passed on to offspring can lead to evolution over a course of time. In this way, a mutation can result in a beneficial evolutionary process.
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What best describes the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids)?
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature.
What is the excellent anti inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain ?In contrast to meals that promote the generation of free radicals, foods high in antioxidants are preferred in an anti-inflammatory diet. Oily fish include omega-3 fatty acids, which may aid in lowering the body's levels of inflammatory proteins. This is another effect that fibre may have, according to the Arthritis Foundation.
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs also known as NSAIDs are medicines that are used to relieve pain , and reduce swelling. Examples include aspirin , naproxen , ibuprofen, diclofenac and inhibitors.
The mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase .
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During ________, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
During anaphase the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
In order words, anaphase is one of the stages of cell division in mitosis when chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
CellA cell can be defined as the simplest, structural and functional unit of life. In biology, there are two major groups of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have. These two groups are as follows:
Unicellular organisms: They are organisms consisting of only one cells. That is, they are single celled organism and are capable of carrying out all life processes. Examples of single celled organisms include bacteria, nostoc, anabaena, oscillatoria and so on
Multicellular organisms: These are living organisms which possess two or more cells. There are many celled organism. Examples include lizard, snake, fish, elephant, man e.t.c
So therefore, during anaphase the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
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An acquired condition (in older children and adults) that is due to a deficiency in the secretion of thyroid hormones is called _______________.
An acquired condition (in older children and adults) that is due to a deficiency in the secretion of thyroid hormones is called Hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone is the hormone that regulates your body's metabolism, or how your body converts the food you ingest into energy. Thyroid hormone is made up of the two primary hormones released by your thyroid, thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid hormone is well known for regulating metabolism, growth, and a variety of other body activities. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a self-regulatory circuit composed of the thyroid gland, anterior pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. The thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism inflammation.
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When the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna. True or false.
It's false that when the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna.
Bones of forearm :Your forearm is made up of two bones, the radius and ulna. Most adult forearm fractures involve both shattered bones. In the middle of the forearm, at the upper (proximal) end closest to the elbow, or at the farthest (distal) end closest to the wrist, forearm fractures are possible.
Why are there 2 bones in the forearm?Functionally, the humerus and carpal bones, which are articulated with the radius and ulna as previously mentioned, serve as the main support structure of the forearm. Both bones act as the origin and insertion points for the muscles that bend and extend the fingers, wrist, and forearm.
Humerus bones :The largest bone in the upper extremity and the one that defines the human brachium is the humerus (arm). At the elbow joint, it articulates distally with the radius and ulna and proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral (GH) joint.
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All of the following statements regarding the electrical activity of the heart conduction cell are false except?
During repolarization, calcium channels close and voltage-gated potassium channels open is the correct answer.
Repolarization is the change in membrane potential that occurs immediately following the depolarization phase of an action potential, which changes the membrane potential to a positive value, and restores it to a negative one. The membrane potential typically recovers to the resting membrane potential during the repolarization phase. Action potentials enter the falling phase as a result of the outflow of potassium (K+) ions. The K+ channel pore's selectivity filter allows the ions to flow through. The open calcium channels pass more calcium ions when the driving force for calcium entry increases during the repolarization of the AP, which causes an increase in calcium influx.
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The complete question is :
All of the following statements regarding the electrical activity of the heart conduction cell are false except?
A : A plateau is prolonged to ensure repolarization.
B : Depolarization of the nodal cells is due to fast voltage-gated calcium channels.
C : The first event is the result of slow voltage-gated sodium channel changing the resting membrane potential to -40 mV.
D : During repolarization, calcium channels close and voltage-gated potassium channels open.
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. this information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n):_________
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. this information indicates that the infectious agent is a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease.
BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unusual transmissible agent called a prion.
What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?The progressive neurological disorder known as BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) affects cattle, and its symptoms are comparable to those of scrapie, which affects sheep. Mad cow disease is the name given to BSE. A very unusual infectious agent causes BSE and scrapie, both of which are diseases.
You may notice symptoms like trembling, stumbling, swaying, and behavioural changes like anxiety, aggression, or hysteria. It's possible to notice a loss of weight and a decline in milk production. Rarely will BSE-affected cattle develop an illness overnight. BSE will cause death in all infected cattle.
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A hormone that has as its primary function the regulation of hormone secretion by another endocrine gland is classified functionally as a(n):__________
A hormone that has as its primary function the regulation of hormone secretion by another endocrine gland is classified functionally as a tropic. The endocrine system's glands create chemical messengers called hormones, which travel through the blood to various regions of the body.
The pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands are all important endocrine glands. The endocrine system is comprised of various organs known as glands. Hormones are created and secreted (released) by these glands, which are situated throughout your body. Endocrine glands include the following: The adrenal glands are two glands located on top of the kidneys that produce the hormone cortisol.
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The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called _____.
The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called Osteoblasts.
What are Osteoblasts?Osteoblasts may be defined as cuboid-shaped cells that significantly construct the collection of other cells that cover the bone surface. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. These kinds of cells are emanated from the mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow.
The best and most important example can be osteoblast-derived VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) can ameliorate bone repair or during the bone development process. These kinds of cells are most prominent in fetal life and in early childhood.
Therefore, the cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called Osteoblasts.
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Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______. select all that apply.
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a cell wall.
Cell walls are a protective layer that is rigid and only partially permeable on some types of cells. This outer layer is located near the cell membrane in the majority of plant cells as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea (plasma membrane).
Animal cells, however, do not have a cell wall. The cell wall of a cell performs a number of essential functions, including support, construction, and defence.
Depending on the organism, the cell wall's makeup varies. The vast majority of a plant's cell wall is made up of sturdy cellulose fibres. Cellulose, a substance used in the production of paper, is found in large quantities in both wood and cotton fibre. The walls of bacterial cells are composed of a polymer of sugar and amino acids called peptididoglycan.
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what is a flat representation of the earth's surface
On the nutrition facts panel, the content of which of these vitamins must be provided?
The vitamins and minerals that are required to be listed on every nutrition facts label are vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium.
The nutrition facts label is a label that lists the standardized and detailed serving size, calories, fibers, and nutritional content of a food.
In many countries, the fact label indicates the ingredients, nutrients vitamins and minerals that are present in the food.
These nutritional guides are really helpful as they not only educate the people but also help users to make knowledgeable choices about the food they buy.
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Registration refers to federal pre-marketing approval of biopesticides. what would not be regulated by u.s. environmental protection agency as a biopesticide?
DEET, a popular synthetic insect repellant.
DEET- Numerous repellent products include the active component DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). It is frequently used to ward off biting insects like ticks and mosquitoes. DEET can be applied to kids of any age, according to the FDA. Since results from studies conducted for product registration reveal no difference in effects between young animals and older animals, there is no restriction on the proportion of DEET in the product for use on children.
Insect Repellant- Products that discourage insects are known as insect repellents. These might be skin care products or items like candles or lanterns with heating mechanisms that release repellents.
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What are some p\opportunity cost of greater goverment role in the economy system?
Consumers are unable to purchase what they desire since producers have less control over what they produce.
What is government intervention's opportunity cost in the economy?The value of the resources that could have been employed to produce the things that are produced by the public sector. These resources may be used by individuals and businesses in the private sector if the government did not use them. Importance of opportunity cost to the Government: It aids the government in selecting which sector will receive greater resources. It assists the government in deciding how to distribute its resources to carry out its many programs, such as the allocation of greater funds to infrastructure or defense.Learn more about the opportunity cost with the help of the given link:
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A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an rna or protein, is called a(n)?
A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an RNA or protein, is called a allele.
Allele- One of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a certain genomic region is referred to as an allele. For each given genomic site where such variation exists, an individual receives two alleles, one from every parent. An person is homozygous for an allele if the two copies are identical.
Gene- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to child. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes.
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During osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the region of higher.
Answer:
During osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the region of higher free water concentration and lower solute concentration to the side with lower free water concentration and higher solute concentration.
Explanation:
Why the preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice compared to at low temperature
The preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice because as the pulp temperature is raised to 55°C for the enzymatic depectinisation treatment.
Pectin, a part of the cell wall of fruits like apples and oranges, is broken down by the enzyme pectinase.
Commercially, pectinase is used to help with fruit juice extraction. It shouldn't be overly finely ground, agitated, or heated to more than 35 C in order to make a highly pressable mash (95 F). When using PECTINASES, the reaction and reaction time are normally 30 to 120 minutes, and the temperature range is kept mild, between 20 and 30 C. This serves in part to prevent complete protopectin hydrolysis. Protopectin binds the cells, and when it is hydrolyzed, the fruit tissue becomes more viscous, less pressable, and less robust. PECTINASE is a great addition to the mill, especially for apples with a soft texture. Pectin esterase and polygalacturonase make up a large portion of PECTINASES made for apple mashes (aka pectin glucosidase). These enzymes significantly lessen the pomace's viscosity and stickiness without influencing or lowering its protopectin content.
Pectinase releases the juice from within the cells by enzymatically dissolving the cell wall. The extracted juice is also clarified using pectinase.
hence this pectin dissolves the pectin and other compounds responsible for cloudy appearances and hence a clear juice is obtained.
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