Answer:
Stars are hot bodies of glowing gas that start their life in Nebulae.
Explanation:
They vary in size,mass and temperature, diameter ranging 450X smaller to over 1000X larger than that of the Sun.
For each of the following scenarios, describe the most likely pathway from beginning of synthesis (when peptide bonds are made) to final location for
a protein. Include short descriptions of key steps. The scenarios are: a protein that floats freely in the cytoplasm; a protein that is in the lumen (liquid
interior) of a lysosome; a protein that is secreted from a cell; and a protein that is imbedded in the plasma membrane of a cell.
Both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell are the sites where protein synthesis takes place. A DNA template is used to create RNA in the nucleus. The translation is then carried out by this RNA in the cytoplasm.
Transcription and translation are the two processes that make up protein synthesis. A segment of DNA called a gene, which codes for a protein, is transformed into a template molecule called messenger RNA during transcription (mRNA). In the cell's nucleus, enzymes referred to as RNA polymerases perform this conversion. [2] Eukaryotes make this mRNA prematurely at first (pre-mRNA), which then goes through post-transcriptional changes to produce mature mRNA.
Nuclear pores allow the mature mRNA to be evacuated from the cell nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm, where translation can take place. Ribosomes read the mRNA during translation, using its nucleotide sequence to infer the order of the amino acids. To create a polypeptide chain from the encoded amino acids, the ribosomes catalyse the production of covalent peptide bonds. After translation, the polypeptide chain needs to fold in order to create a functioning protein. For instance, for an enzyme to work properly, the polypeptide chain needs to fold properly in order to create a functional active site. The polypeptide chain initially forms a series of smaller underlying structures termed secondary structures before it can assume a useful three-dimensional (3D) shape.
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How many glycosidic bonds would be needed to combine three monosaccharides together?
A.2
B.1
C. 3
The number of glycosidic bonds that will be required to combine three monosaccharides together is 2. The correct option is A.
What is glycosidic linkage?A glycosidic bond, also renowned as a glycosidic linkage, is a sort of covalent bond that connects one carbohydrate molecule to another, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
When the hemiacetal of a saccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of another substance, such as alcohol, a glycosidic bond is formed.
A glycosidic bond exists between sugar and nitrogen base in the DNA molecule.
The nitrogen-carbon linkage between the 9' nitrogen of purine bases or the 1' nitrogen of pyrimidine bases and the 1' carbon of the sugar group forms the glycosidic bond.
The count of glycosidic bonds requisite to link three monosaccharides with each other is two.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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what single characteristic of the selectively permeable membranes used in the laboratory determines the substances that can pass through them
Answer:
The single characteristic of the selectively permeable membranes used in the laboratory determines the substances that can pass through the size of pore.
Dertemine the maximum volume of the air breathed in during the period of rest for each minute
The maximum volume of air breathed in during the period of rest for each minute is 500 ml also known as tidal volume.
Tidal volume is simply each breath a person takes. It is a significant factor in both minute and alveolar ventilation. The quantity of air that enters the lungs each minute is measured by minute ventilation also referred to as total ventilation. It is a function of both tidal volume and respiratory rate.
A physiological term called tidal volume (Vt or TV) is used to indicate how much air is generally moved during inspiration and expiration when you are at rest. Spirometry, a non-invasive test, is used to measure it. Adults breathe on average seven milliliters (mL) every kilogram (kg) of ideal body weight.
When it comes to configuring the ventilator in critically ill patients, tidal volume is crucial. Delivering a tidal volume that is both large enough to sustain proper breathing and small enough to prevent lung trauma is the objective.
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Julia, an economics professor, is giving a presentation on her research. What presentation delivery method should Julia use if she wants to broadcast her lecture to various places in real time?
A.
external monitor
B.
overhead projector
C.
presentation sharing website
D.
webcast
Answer:Webcast
Explanation:Plato
Which scenario is an example of making inferences based on observations?
OA. A scientist collects honeybee specimens from each part of the life
cycle and creates a display.
OB. A scientist talks to various organizations about the importance of
preserving habitats vital to the survival of bees.
OC. A scientist publishes an article encouraging local farmers to plant
wildflowers to benefit wild bee populations.
D. A scientist analyzes the feeding patterns of honeybees and
determines that honeybees prefer nectar over pollen.
The example of making inferences based on observations is:
A scientist analyzes the feeding patterns of honeybees and determines that honeybees prefer nectar over pollen; option DWhat are inferences and observations?In the scientific method, observations and inferences are key step which help in understanding and explanation of the natural world.
Observation refers to the ability of the scientist to note and see changes or phenomena that occurs i his or her environment.
Inferences are conclusions which are drawn from either observations or experiments.
Considering the given scenarios, the instance of an observation is;
A scientist analyzes the feeding patterns of honeybees and determines that honeybees prefer nectar over pollen.In conclusion, observations are required in making of inferences.
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Renee has just completed her experiment for biology lab and cleaned up her lab area. The bell rings for her to go to her next class. What should Renee do before she leaves the laboratory?
Renee should follow proper laboratory safety guidelines and ensure that all the equipment in the biology lab are in the proper place before leaving for the next class when the bell rings.
Renee should first of all place the compound microscope gently in its proper place after removing the slide from the stage and adjusting the eye piece back to its original position. The microscope should always be carried from the arm side.
Renee should also wash the slides, coverslips, petri-dishes, pipettes, etc. before placing them back in their respective places in the laboratory. The burner should also be turned off properly. Finally, Renee should wash her hands properly before leaving the biology lab.
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which location is most commonloy used by veterinary professionals to take a animals pulse
Answer:
The easiest way to take a pulse is to put your hand on the left side of your pet's chest where the elbow meets the chest. At this location, one should be able to feel the heart beating. Count how many times you feel the heartbeat for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats per minute.
Explanation:
Answer:
On the left side of the animals chest
Explanation:
What was the calculated concentration of protein of Serum Specimen A? To receive credit,
report the value as a whole number and the units of measure!
By making use of a standard curve made up of known quantities of a pure sample protein, protein concentration is calculated. The type of chemical used can be used to separate these protein test techniques into two groups.
Either assessing the UV absorbance at 280 [tex]nm[/tex] or quantitatively reacting the protein with dyes and/or metal ions can be used to figure out the protein concentration of sample preparation (Bradford, Lowry, or BCA assays). Simply multiply the dilution factor by the undiluted, unknown sample's protein concentration to determine its concentration. 0.5 x 10 equals 5 [tex]\frac{mg}{ml}[/tex]. By contrasting the colour produced by the "unknown" solution with the colour generated by solution of known proteins, or the standard curve, one can determine the protein content of an unknown.
The complete question is :
How to calculate the concentration of protein of Serum Unknown undiluted Specimen A? To receive credit, report the value as a whole number and the units of measure.
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11 Answer:
The 1990 law that required food labels to carry basic nutrition
information is the _____ Act.
12 Answer:
Polyhydric alcohols or polyols such as glycerine, sorbitol,
mannitol, and propylene glycol are used in foods to improve _____ and
increase moisture retention.
13 Answer:
Food _____ is the altering of a food so it appears to be of a
higher quality than it is.
11.) The 1990 law that required food labels to carry basic nutrition information is the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act.
12.) Polyhydric alcohols or polyols such as glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol, and propylene glycol are used in foods to improve texture and increase moisture retention.
13.) Food processing is the altering of a food so it appears to be of a higher quality than it is.
What is food processing?Food processing is the act of changing the texture and structure of food products in order to
their taste and prolong their shelf life.
While processing foods, some additives are used to improve texture and increase moisture retention such as the Polyhydric alcohols.
Examples of Polyhydric alcohols include the following:
glycerine, sorbitol,mannitol, and propylene glycol.After processing of food, an act called the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act help consumers to make better choices and they encourage food companies to produce healthier food.
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7. Amutualism type of relationship is different from a parasitic relationship because in mutualism, (a) both organisms involved benefit (b) none of the organisms benefits or harm each other (c) both organisms harm each other (d) only one of the organisms is harmed. The table below shows the number of some organisms in habitats W and Y. Study it and answer questions 28 to 30. Organisms Plankton Antelope Water flea Tilapia Lion Frog Grass Number in the habitat Habitat W Habitat Y 0 51 126 0 10 23 0 6 0 C 0 0 6 0 250 37 32 3
One species gain from parasitic interactions while the other loses. Medical microbiology studies a large majority of parasitic, human tissue-eating bacteria. For instance, parasitic bacteria are responsible for cholera, leishmaniasis, and giardia.
Any coexistence of two or more biological species is referred to as symbiosis. These connections are typically long-lasting and have a significant effect on the fitness of either one or both animals. The advantages and physical characteristics of symbiotic interactions are classified. In nature, relationships in which both species profit are known as mutualistic relationships. Numerous instances of mutualistic bacteria in the stomach that support digestion in both humans and animals may be found in the field of microbiology. A relationship between species known as commensalism occurs when one species benefit and the other is unaffected.
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Huntington's disease is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder that can affect both men and women. Imagine a couple has had seven children, and later in life, the husband develops Huntington's disease. He is tested and it is discovered he is heterozygous for the disease allele, Hh. The wife is also genetically tested for the Huntington's disease allele, and her test results show she is unaffected, hh.
What is the percent probability that the first child of this couple will have Huntington's disease?
probability: %
What is the percent probability that four of the seven children will have Huntington's disease?
probability: %
1. The percent probability that the first child of the couple will have Huntington's disease is 50%
2. The percent probability that four of the seven children will have Huntington's disease is 6.25%
Genetical probabilitiesThe disease is autosomal dominant. Only one dominant allele is needed for the disease to be manifested.
The husband is Hh and the wife is hh.
Hh x hh
Hh Hh hh hh
Hh (affected) = 1/2
hh (unaffected) = 1/2
1. Probability that the first child of this couple will have Huntington's disease is the same as the probability of having the disease. Thus, it is 1/2 (50%)
2. Probability that four of the seven children will have Huntington's disease is the same as the probability of having the disease in 4 places.
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16 or 6.25%
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Small insects fall into the pitcher plant and can not climb out due to presence of
a) nutrients
b) decomposers
c) enzymes
d) stiff hair
Small insects fall into the pitcher plant and can not climb out due to presence of enzymes.
Because they don't rely on any other living thing to provide them with the energy they need to function, plants are the primary producers of an ecosystem.However, there are also several carnivorous plants that hunt a variety of small insects and bugs to consume them in order to obtain the essential energy.Similar to pitcher plants, which are also common carnivorous plants, pitcher plants hunt primarily using traps resembling jars and lids.When there are no insects or bugs sitting on the jar-like structure, it is always opened. A lid-shaped leaf tightly encloses the jar trap once the beetle or insect has settled on that jar-like structure.Additionally, the digestive enzyme fluid included within this trap aids in the digestion of the insects and other pests caught inside the plant.Therefore, option C. is correct.
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Which of the following cells is formed by meiosis?
O A. A brain cell
O B. A bacterial cell
O C. A stem cell
• D. An egg cell
Answer:
D. An egg cell
Explanation:
Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
∴ The only answer stated from the statement is D.
A stream of water holds thriving bacteria. If drought conditions caused the stream to dry up, how would the bacteria mostly likely respond to survive?
A.
They would learn how to photosynthesize.
B.
They would produce more peptidoglycan.
C.
They would secrete more polysaccharides.
D.
They would produce endospores.
The correct answer is they would produce endospores.
Bacteria are growing in a water stream. Bacteria would most likely respond by producing endospores in order to live if drought caused streams to dry up.
When bacteria are exposed to hard circumstances, endospores are produced as a kind of defence.
Until the external conditions are conducive for their development, bacteria produce a hard outer coating that makes them appear inactive.
The endospores are hardy, latent, and non-reproductive bacterial spores that guarantee bacterial survival under challenging circumstances. Numerous bacteria produce dormant endospores in response to environmental stressors such hunger, desiccation (extreme dryness), radiation, and chemical treatment. When the circumstances are right, these endospores grow once again.
Therefore, the bacteria that reside there would develop endospores to survive if drought circumstances caused the stream to dry up.
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The cardiovascular system does NOT
carry the carbon dioxide exhaled by the pulmonary system.
carry the oxygen used by the muscles.
carry the nutrients absorbed by the digestive system.
carry the hormones released by the endocrine system.
control when muscles contract.
Answer:
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide for the respiratory system.
In TV shows and movies, the word mutant refers to characters born with abilities unusual for humans. What do you think scientists mean when they talk about a genetic mutation?
Do you think all genetic mutations are harmful? Explain your answer.
Answer:
A gene variant is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. This type of genetic change used to be known as a gene mutation,but not all genetic mutations are harmful .The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the human or the organism itself.
Explanation: (In the answer as well)
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In general, which type of molecules would be able to pass through a cell's
membrane?
a. Monomers only
b. Polymers only
c. Both monomers and polymers
d. Neither will be able to pass through
Monomers only In general, which type of molecules would be able to pass through a cell's membrane
The cell membrane is also called as the plasma membrane. It provides the protection for the cell and its cellular components from the external environment. It is basically selectively permeable and the regulates the movement of the molecules in and out of the cell. The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is a thin semi-permeable membrane that is surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell. Its function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing of the certain substances into the cell while keeping other substances out
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What is different between plant and animals
Hint: What determines the identity of an atom?
Answer: by the Number of protons
Explanation:
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its atomic number (Z).
Hope it helps20. If you are given a-10 g block of lead and a 10 g
block of aluminum, which block has the greater
volume?
F.
G.
H.
J.
Lead
Aluminum
They have the same volume because they
are both 10 g.
There is not enough information given.
Since the density of the metallic blocks were not given: there is not enough information given; option B
How are the volume of a 10 g block of lead and a 10 g block of aluminum determined?The volume of a substance is determined from the mass and the volume of the given substance.
The volume, mass and density of a substance are related by the formula below:
Volume = mass/densityThe mass of the aluminum = 10.0 g
density of aluminum is not given
The mass of the lead block = 10.0 g
density of lead is not given.
The volume can only be determined if the density of the metallic blocks were given.
Therefore, there is incomplete information given to determine which metallic block has the greater volume.
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Food webs, food chains, and trophic levels are all tools to help ecologist understand which of the following
A. The climate of an ecosystem
B. The types of animals that exist in an ecosystem
C. The energy flow within an ecosystem
D. The size of an ecosystem
The energy flow within an ecosystem.
Animals can utilize both radiant and fixed energy. The fundamental unit of electromagnetic waves like light is radiant energy. Fixed energy is chemical potential stored in various organic materials that can be damaged to release their energy.
Autotrophs are organisms that can fix radiant energy and can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials. Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot receive energy from an abiotic source but rely on organic compounds produced by autotrophs that are rich in energy.
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Jamal and Sarah are investigating osmosis in potatoes. The drawing shows their *
experimental setup. They immersed a firm, freshly peeled potato into a container
with a solution provided by their science teacher, Ms. Stewart (Fig. 1). The next
day, they observed that the potato had shrunk and softened (Fig. 2). Describe the
nature of Ms. Stewart's solution and why the potato shrank?
Fig. 1
Your answer
24 hours
Fig. 2
The result of the experiment suggests that Ms. Stewart's solution was hypertonic, and that the potato shrunk because water moved by osmosis in favor of its concentration gradient from the potato to the solution.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is a simple diffusion transport that occurs when water moves from a more diluted solution to a less diluted one through a semipermeable membrane.
When two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a membrane (with the same properties as the cell membrane), the only molecule allowed to pass from one side to the other is water (not solute molecules).
Water goes from the hypotonic solution (less concentrated) to the hypertonic one (more concentrated), and keeps doing so until concentrations on both sides get equal.
In the exposed example,
A fresh potato was placed on a solution of unknown solute concentration.
There were two options for this potato,
If the solution was hypotonic to the potato, the potato would have gained water. This means that water would have moved from the solution to the potato, and this last one would have swelled.
If the solution was hypertonic to the potato, the potato would have lost water. This means that water would have moved from the potato forward to the solution, and the potato would have shrunk.
After a day, Jamal and Sarah noticed that the potato shrunk.
This result suggests that Ms. Stewart's solution was hypertonic and that the potato shrunk because water moved by osmosis in favor of its concentration gradient from the potato to the solution.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics shared by
all living things?
Living things reproduce.
Living things respond to their environment.
Living things are made of cells.
Living things always need a host to live in.
Explanation:
Living things always need a host to live in.
Which claim is most likely based on pseudoscience?
OA. The growth of plants is affected by the availability of light and
water.
B. Gardening is good for the soul because plants represent the
beauty of nature.
OC. Plants are often used during certain religious ceremonies.
OD. Seeds should be planted during specific moon cycles to achieve
their potential.
Answer:
D. Seeds should be planted during specific moon their cycle to achieve their potential.
2. Upon being diagnosed with Cirrhosis of the liver, doctors urge patients to limit the amount of salt intake in their diet to help decrease the rate of scarring. During salt intake the blood becomes increasingly (hypertonic, hypotonic) to the interstitial fluid. Due to this osmotic imbalance, the liver cells become (hypertonic, hypotonic) to the interstitial fluid. This causes the liver cells to appear (shriveled, swollen). (3pt)
The liver also produces a protein called albumin, which is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure inside the blood plasma compartment of the body. Over time scarring of the liver leads to a decreased production of this protein. When the levels fall, the blood plasma becomes (hypotonic, hypertonic) to the interstitial fluid. Due to this osmotic imbalance, the tissues become (hypertonic, hypotonic) which leads to fluid seeping from the legs and feet. (2pt)
The correct option about the states of the liver are:
HypertonichypertonicswollenhypotonichypotonicWhat are hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?Hypotonic solution are solutions that have lower solute concentration that the interior of a cell or the cytosol of the cell. Water flows into the cell when they are placed in hypotonic solutions.
Hypertonic solution are solutions that have higher solute concentration that the interior of a cell or the cytosol of the cell. Water flows out of the cell when they are placed in hypertonic solutions.
During salt intake the blood becomes increasingly hypertonic, to the interstitial fluid. Due to this osmotic imbalance, the liver cells become hypertonic to the interstitial fluid. This causes the liver cells to appear swollen.
The liver also produces a protein called albumin, which is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure inside the blood plasma compartment of the body. Over time scarring of the liver leads to a decreased production of this protein. When the levels fall, the blood plasma becomes hypotonic, to the interstitial fluid. Due to this osmotic imbalance, the tissues become hypotonic which leads to fluid seeping from the legs and feet.
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What is invasive plants ?
(Write a lot and don’t use big words)
An invasive plant is a plant that is not native to the region it is growing in. For example, English Ivy is native to Europe but has invaded the North Western coast of North America.
Explanation:Characteristics of Invasive Plants
Invasive plants are usually very fast-growing. Their population can be hard, if not impossible to control. Additionally, like all invasive species, invasive plants place a strain on their environment. One way or another, invasive plants hurt the ecosystem they are in. This can involve the invasive plant taking up resources from native plants and/or being toxic to native animals.
We can see these characteristics in English Ivy. Like most ivies, English Ivy grows on trees and other large plants. English Ivy can become so overgrown that it weighs down the plant it is grown on. This extra weight can kill native plants. Also, due to the speed at which Ivy spreads, environmentalists have been unable to eradicate English Ivy from North America.
Causes of Invasive Plants
In almost every instance of invasive plants, the cause is human action. Through travel, humans bring seeds and plants to regions they are not native to. Then, in some cases, the plant will begin to grow rapidly and become invasive.
English Ivy was brought to North America during the Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of vegetation and livestock between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the Age of Colonialism. Many invasive species can be tied back to the Columbian Exchange.English Ivy was then used as decoration both indoors and outdoors. Since then, it has grown into a dangerous invasive plant.
1. Explain how human activity other than deforestation may disrupt the natural carbon cycle.
2. Suggest how human disruption to the carbon cycle can be minimized
Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle could be minimized by;
Decreasing deforestationReducing of not eliminating the use of fossil fuelsWhat is the carbon cycle?The carbon cycle refers to the process of the movement of carbon in nature. We know that materials such as elements and compounds move round the ecosystem in the biogeochemical cycles.
This entire process is balanced save for human interferences. Human interferences include deforestation which removes the natural carbon sinks and the use of fossil fuels which inflates the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
We know that human activities have weighed down very heavily on the balance of carbon in nature and this has caused a lot of imbalance that have eventually let to a myriad of environmental challenges that exists on earth.
Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle could be minimized by;
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Juan received a class assignment to write about organisms that live in extreme environments. While doing research online, he found an image that showed microbial bodies thriving in hot springs. The organisms lacked a nucleus or defined organelles. Which organisms can he possibly find in such conditions?
Smoke and dust particles elevate from the ash in a forest.
A.
plant-like protists
B.
animal-like protists
C.
fungus-like protists
D.
archaea
Reset Next
Pretest: Organization of Organisms
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Answer:
D. archea
Explanation:
The primary cell wall surrounds the cell, and is composed of
Answer:
Cell wall is composed of cellulose.
Explanation:
*_*
