When our bodies overcome the offensive tactics of a particular microorganism, this is referred to as resistance.
Tolerance is defined as the capacity to limit the health effects brought on by a particular pathogen burden,
whereas resistance is defined as the capacity to restrict pathogen burden. The total of these two defence mechanisms determines a host's level of defence.
The immune response status is correlated with the onset of host-pathogen interactions, variations and exposure to host attackers, the length and intensity of the body's initiated response, and the underlying mechanisms in developing resistance to specific invaders, which would otherwise pose a serious threat to life expectancy and survival.
It is thought that altering cellular programming has enormous potential as a therapeutic tool and as a new treatment strategy.
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Which of the following is not cause by human interaction with the earth system
Answer:
Answer: C. mountain building
Air pollution, water pollution and deforestation are caused by human interaction with the earth system. Air, water and forests are abiotic (non-living) factors of the environment on which human population is dependent upon. Release of pollutants in the air and water due to human activities causes pollution. Forests are removed in order to derive resources like wood, medicines and for urban development hence, causes deforestation. Mountain building is a nature induced process and is not caused by human interactions with the earth system. Mountain formation is a geological process, which is caused by large scale movement of the earth's crust. Mountains are formed by folding and faulting of the earth's crust and due to volcanic activity.
Explanation:
The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the:_____.
The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the Myometrium.
What are the three layers of uterus?The uterus is situated posterior to the rectum and anterior to the urine bladder. The body, cervix, and fundus are the three sections that make up the uterus.There are three tissue layers in the uterus, and they are as follows:The inner lining, or endometrium, is made up of the functional (superficial) and basal endometrium. Hormones related to reproduction affect the functional layer. Menstrual bleeding happens as a result of this layer shedding. The development of adhesions and fibrosis may follow injury to the basal endometrium (Asherman syndrome).The muscular layer, or myometrium, is made up of smooth muscle cells.The thin, epithelial-cell-based outer layer is known as the serosa or perimetrium.Learn more about the Parts of uterus with the help of the given link:
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Which level of protein structure do the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet represent?.
The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet represent represent secondary structure of protein.
Secondary structure is another way of classifying protein structure. The term “secondary structure” describes the regular, local structure of the protein backbone stabilized by hydrogen bonding of amide groups that occur both inside and outside the individual molecules. Alpha helix, Beta strands are another typical secondary structure. A polypeptide chain that is 3 to 10 amino acids long and has an almost fully extended backbone is called a β-strand (also known as a strand). A beta sheet consists of two or more consecutive parallel or antiparallel polypeptide chains stabilized by hydrogen bonds.Therefore, the correct answer is secondary structure.
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An individual who studies the scientific links between biological and psychological processes is known as a _______.
Those that investigate the scientific relationships between biological and psychological processes are referred to as:
biological psychologist
The investigation of the rational relationships between biological and psychological processes is known as biological psychology.
Biological psychology is the study of the interaction between biological and psychological functioning. The brain and spinal cord are the decision-making organs of the central nervous system (CNS).
Examine how the human body and its organs are made and function. This is something that both psychology and the biological sciences do. Psychology examines behavior. The relationship between a person's body and conduct is very strong. Skeletal muscle contractions or glandular secretions follow the physiological level of all sorts of activity, including sensations, perceptions, and actions.
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Which clinical manifestation, when found in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis?
Meconium ileus, in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder mainly associated with cells capable of producing mucus. These cells are found in sweat glands, digestive system and lungs belonging to respiratory system. Thus, the abnormality in mucus production, in sticky and thick nature, disrupts the normal functioning of human body. They block the ducts and tubes, which can result in life threatening condition.
The mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis occurs in the gene CFTR, which is abbreviated form of Cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator. The primary function of gene is to regulate the exchange of fluids and salts present in the cells.
Meconium ileus refers to the inability of bowel movement in the newborn. This occurs due to thick and sticky mucus, which is indicative of cystic fibrosis, as discussed above.
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Food is moved down from the mouth into the stomach through:
[A] Osteoporosis
[B] Peristalsis
[C] Ejestion
[D] None of the choices are correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
In meiosis, how does prophase i differ from prophase ii (choose all that apply)?
One diploid cell is present during prophase I, while two haploid cells are present during prophase II.
Describe haploid:Haplotype refers to a cell having just one pair of chromosomes. Haplotype is another word for the number of chromosomes present in sperm or egg cells, which are frequently referred to as gametes. Each of the 23 chromosomes in human haploid cells, which make up gametes, is one of a pair that is present in diploid cells.
What is an example of a haploid?Haplotype cells include, for example, gametes (male or female germ cells). Diploid cells include those found in blood, skin, and muscle.
How is haploid generated?When a parent cell divides twice, four haploid daughter cells with just half of the original genetic material are created instead of two diploid daughter cells with the entire set of genetic material on the first division.
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What are the monomers that
make up DNA?
A. amino acids
B. nucleotides
C. polypeptides
Answer:
I think it is B, nucleotides
What is the name of all the cell contents between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm is present between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
What seperates the cell contents or cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid ?The plasma membrane seperates the inner environment of a cell from the extracellular fluid. It is composed of a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
Cytoplasm ,the semifluid substance of a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane and internal to the cellular membrane, sometimes described as the non nuclear content of protoplasm. In eukaryotes ,the cytoplasm contains all of the organelles.
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When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to?
When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to provide primarily morphological information. Professionals frequently express hypotheses in if/then statements, e.g., if someone consumes a lot of sugar, then they will get cavities in their teeth.
These claims list particular variables and make predictions about the outcomes. In this instance, the sugar content is the variable, and cavities are the outcome. A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain a phenomenon. A hypothesis must be testable according to the scientific method for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis. Scientific phylogeny are typically based on prior observations.
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Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of?
Answer:
Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of angina.
Patients who have a systolic pressure of higher than 100 mm Hg and the recommended, unexpired medication should be given nitroglycerin. In the pre-hospital scenario, a patient should only get three (3) nitroglycerin pills or sprays. Regardless of whether the drug is otherwise appropriate for the situation of the patient, it is not a good idea to give a patient an outdated prescription. A sublingual tablet is available for oral administration of nitroglycerin. The pills are often taken as required, either five to ten minutes before performing tasks that might trigger angina episodes or as soon as an attack begins. The oral route is used in part to prevent medication breakdown. Sublingual absorption can, in general, be more effective for some medications than intestinal uptake.
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When performing a ____________________ and the f2 generations yield significantly different results, it is likely that the trait is sex linked.
When performing a reciprocal cross and the F2 generations yield significantly different results, it is likely that the trait is sex-linked.
Reciprocal cross is the one where the genotype of the male and the female parent are interchanged. This cross is performed to check for the importance of genotype of parents on an inheritance pattern. The genotype must be homozygous for this cross to be conducted.
Sex-linked refers to the genes affecting any certain trait that are expressed on the sex chromosome. In humans, these kind of genes are mostly present on the X-chromosome. The expression of such genes depends upon the genotype of the parents completely.
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explain how polar molecules can dissolve other polar molecules
Answer:
Explanation:
In a polar solvent, the molecules of solvent are attracted to each other by the partial charges on the ends of the molecules. When a polar solute is added, the positive polar ends of the solute molecules attract the negative polar ends of the solvent molecules and vice versa.
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Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has c-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.
'E' letter for Trachea indicates a flexible tube that has c-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.
There are many cartilage rings in a typical trachea (windpipe) (a strong and flexible tissue). These C-shaped rings give your child's trachea support while enabling it to bend and move naturally during breathing.These rings are O-shaped rather than C-shaped due to a congenital anomaly known as full tracheal rings. Your youngster may get aberrant windpipe thinning and airway stenosis as a result. The trachea has between 16 and 20 rings. This cartilage defect may have an influence on any number of those rings. While some kids with full tracheal rings may at first only show minor breathing issues, other kids might be in serious respiratory distress.Learn more about the Trachea with the help of the given link:
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For a monohybrid cross, suppose two true-breeding parents are crossed and their offspring (f1) are self-crossed. what genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation?
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation.
What is meant by genotypic ratio?The ratio that represents the various genotypes of a test cross' offspring is called the genotypic ratio. It depicts the distribution of children in accordance with genotype, the genetic makeup that determines an organism's phenotype.What is phenotypic ratio?A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another. The phenotypic ratio produced from a test cross is used by researchers to determine the gene expression for generations of an organism.A monohybrid cross is what?A monohybrid cross is made up of two homozygous individuals that have the opposing phenotype for a particular genetic characteristic. "A monohybrid cross is a cross between two monohybrid characteristics (TT and tt)." The monohybrid cross is in charge of passing one gene on.To learn more about monohybrid cross visit:
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The golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures?.
Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.
The Golgi bodies are cell organelles. It comprises bundles of folded flattened membranous sacs. It's found in all the cells. The number of Golgi bodies is higher in the cells that participate in the synthesis and transporting of proteins. When proteins move to the Golgi apparatus from the endoplasmic reticulum. They are packed into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are membranous bound. After packing, these vesicles are stored. Whenever secretory vesicles are required then they move towards plasma member. Furthermore, fuse with it. By exocytosis, the contents present inside the cell leave the cell. An example of a secretory vesicle is lysosomes. It contains membranous walls that are formed by the Golgi apparatus.
Therefore, the Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.
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Which herb should the nurse expect to be used by the patient who reports using herbs to obtain an erection?
Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe)
Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe) is the herb the nurse expects to be used by the patient who reports to obtain an erection.
The herb used to treat erectile dysfunction is called yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe). The herb sage (Salvia officinalis) is used to control menstruation. The medication used to relieve menstrual cramps is chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Premenstrual syndrome and irregular menstruation are treated with black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa).What negative impacts can Yohimbe have?Yohimbine, a substance found in yohimbe, has been associated with serious adverse effects like irregular pulse, heart attack, and other things. When under the supervision of a healthcare professional, it can be used temporarily safely. However, it must not be used without a doctor's supervision.Is testosterone increased by yohimbe?The responders had greater free testosterone levels at baseline, but these levels did not significantly rise with the higher yohimbine dosages. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in the responders were not noticeably greater at baseline, and they remained unchanged after receiving a larger dose of yohimbine.To learn more about erectile dysfunction visit:
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Which lung value remained relatviely unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal?
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) lung value remained relatively unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal.
What is IRV?The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled following a normal tidal volume is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV). Deep breathing necessitates the utilization of IRV, which is typically maintained in reserve. 1900-3300 ml is the typical adult value.What brings to severe asthma attacks?Exposure to an allergen, such as dust mites, cockroaches, grass or weed pollen, or animal dander, can cause an asthma attack. Other frequent triggers are strong aromas like perfume and irritants in the air like smoke or chemical fumes.How does inspiratory reserve volume work?The extra volume of air that can be exhaled following a typical exhalation is known as the expiratory reserve volume (ERV). It is the amount held in reserve that may be exhaled in excess of what is typical. In contrast, the additional volume of air that can be inhaled after a typical inhalation is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).To learn more about inspiratory reserve volume visit:
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The primary sequence of a protein contains proline. What can you predict about its folded structure at that region?.
Answer:
The folded structure at that region of the primary sequence of a protein that contains proline will have an alpha helix at that .
Explanation:
Amino acids that feature a side chain with a cyclic ring system are known as aromatic amino acids.
Histidine, as well as proline,as well as proline, are two well known examples of aromatic amino acids.
These side chains of such amino acids used to make a protein determine the shape of the protein.
Alpha helices were created at that site when proline was present in the amino acid's main sequence.
As a result, an alpha helix would indeed be present within the folded structure of such a proline-containing protein's main sequence.
Amino acids' primary purpose is to act as that of the components that make up proteins. About Fifty to 2,000 amino acids are normally linked end to end in several configurations to form proteins. Each protein contains a different set of amino acid sequences that are folded and bent in a certain way.
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The brain's right hemisphere is best described as _____ the left hemisphere's processing.
The brain's right hemisphere is best described as complementing the left hemisphere's processing.
What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?The right side of the brain significantly controls the left side of the body and the left side of the brain generally regulates the right side of the body. Due to this, the damage to one side of the brain is going to influence the opposite side of your body.
The two hemispheres of the brain are known as the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Both of them are connected with the help of a thick band of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.
Both regions of the brain are capable to communicate with each other through this bridge. It also regulates the complementing process between the two hemispheres of the brain.
Therefore, the brain's right hemisphere is best described as complementing the left hemisphere's processing.
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A thick waxy layer of what substance in the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms?
Answer:
A thick waxy layer of in (Mycolic acids (lipoidal) the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms.
Special long chains of fatty acids known as mycolic acids are present inside the lipid-rich cell walls of most mycobacteria, such as the tubercle bacillus (TB) mycobacterium. Enzymes responsible for the production of mycolic acids are crucial for survival and virulence, making them interesting targets for therapeutic development. Species of most of the mycobacteria genus, which includes the pathogens that cause leprosy and TB, depend on them to survive. The organisms develop slowly and are more immune to different chemicals and lysosomal constituents of phagocytes than that of most bacteria because mycolic acids as well as other glycolipids prevent the entrance of chemicals.
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in fermentation, the only atp produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the nadh to nad.
It is true that in fermentation, the only ATP produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the NADH to NAD.
Fermentation is the process of breakdown of sugars to yield lactic acid or alcohol, along with some energy. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen and the by-products of the reactions are heat and an effervescence of CO₂. Fermentation commonly occurs with the help of yeasts.
Glycolysis is the process of breakdown to sugar to yield pyruvate. it occurs without the help of oxygen and is common process in both aerobes as well as anaerobes. The net gain of energy from glycolysis is of 2 ATPs and 2 NADH molecules.
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The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are ________, and pet scans indicate that ________ subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.
The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are similar, and pet scans indicate that the same subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.
Orgasm is a sudden feeling of intense pleasure which causes increase in pulse rate, blood pressure, heart beat and spasm of the pelvic muscle.
This spams of the pelvic muscle causes contraction of the lower vagina in women and contraction and ejaculation in the urethra of the men.
There is an increase in the amount of dopamine released by the brain during orgasm. Pet scans have revealed that same subcortical regions in the brain are activated during orgasm in both men and women.
It is seen the amygdala part of the brain is deactivated during orgasm which is associated with fear and anxiety.
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11. Molecules that contain coded information and
directions for activities in a cell belong to this
group.
a.
b. lipid
carbohydrate
C.
protein
d. nucleic acid
Answer:
D.nucleic acid is the ans
Explanation:
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Which manifestation would a nurse expect when assessing a child with insufficient growth hormone (gh) secretion?
On the growth chart, place lower than 10%
What causes the growth hormone to be released?Episodic hypothalamic hormones induce pituitary GH synthesis and secretion. Somatostatin (SST) suppresses GH synthesis whereas growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promotes. The creation of IGF-I is induced by GH, and this in turn prevents the release of GH from the pituitary and hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus and GH action mediators govern growth hormone (GH) release from the anterior pituitary.
When you sleep, the majority of HGH is released in pulses. These pulses are dependent on the circadian rhythm, or internal clock, of your body.
The pituitary gland produces growth hormone. Its many duties include preserving healthy body composition and metabolism. Your bones enlarge if you have too much growth hormone. It is known as gigantism in children and causes a rise in height.
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Genes serve as a template and are transcribed into ______, a temporary message that can travel out of the nucleus. multiple choice question. rna chromosomes cells dna
Genes serve as a template and are transcribed into RNA, a temporary message that can travel out of the nucleus.
What is RNA ?All living cells contain ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA), a nucleic acid with properties comparable to those of DNA. However, RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA. Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
RNA transmits genetic information that ribosomes interpret into a variety of proteins required for biological functions. The three primary RNA subtypes involved in protein synthesis are mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. RNA is also used by viruses as their main genetic component.Learn more about RNA here:
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Frogs and humans are more distantly related than are lizards and humans.
a. true
b. false
It is true frogs and human are more distantly related than are lizards and human. The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system.
What are the similarities between frog and human reproductive systems ?
The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system. Numerous inanimate materials, including fluids, hormones, and pheromones, are crucial reproductive system add-ons.
Reproductive system of frog is responsible for producing gametes which are released in water for fertilizations. Similarities between human and frog's system are limited to that both possess paired testes or ovaries for production of gamete.
It is true that they are distantly related to each other , when genes in frogs have very similar neighboring genes as humans about 90 percent of the time.
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Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate? group of answer choices
Insulin and Creatinine are the two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate
A straightforward blood test that evaluates your creatinine levels is the typical method for estimating GFR. The regular breakdown of muscle tissue and the digestion of food protein both produce creatinine, a waste product.
What is Glomerular filtration rate ?A test called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how efficiently the kidneys are functioning. In particular, it calculates the volume of blood that flows through the glomeruli each minute. The kidneys' globuli are microscopic filters that remove waste from the blood.
Glomerular filtration is caused by the force of the differential between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure (but the glomerular filtration rate involves other variables as well) (though the glomerular filtration rate includes other variables as well).Learn more about Glomerular filtration rate here:
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Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made. group of answer choices
a. synthetase enzymes
b. transfer rna
c. ribosomal rna
d. messenger rna
e. atp
The exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made messenger RNA option (d) is correct.
What is an amino acid?Proteins are made of substances named amino acids. Antibodies and amino acid sequences are the elements of living.
The messenger RNA functions as a copy of chromosomal DNA and dictates the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids.
Thus, the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made messenger RNA option (d) is correct.
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which of these is a neural change that continues throughout life? plasticity action potential axon all-or-none response
A neural change that continues throughout life it is also known as Neural plasticity or neuroplasticity.
Neural plasticity is defined as the ability of the nervous system to change its activities in response to experience. ‘Neuro’ means neurons that are specialized cells which are used for the transmission of nerve impulses; ‘Plasticity’ means being easily shaped or moulded.
Plasticity is a neural change that continues throughout life. It is used to change or rewire the neuronal mapping of the brain. Neuroplasticity helps your brain to adapt the ability of learning about new things. It helps to boost or enhance brain's activity.
There are two types of brain plasticity.
* Structural Plasticity = It is used to change the physical structure of brain
*Functional Plasticity= It is used to takes up a new function in place of a damaged area of the brain
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