Answer:
The large differences observed in genomic size among eukaryotes correspond primarily to differences in the amount of noncoding DNA
Explanation:
The whole collection of DNA and genetic information found in a given organism or cell makes up that organism's genome. For the majority of the time, when we think of genes, we consider those that produce proteins or those that are translated to mRNAs and then converted into proteins. But, genomes include much more than simply those that produce proteins. There is big difference in size and content of prokaryotic and eukaryotes. One mRNA generates one protein inside a eukaryotic gene in some kind of a biochemical or signaling pathway; operon organization is not present. A eukaryotic gene's numerous exons can really be cleaved in various ways to produce several mRNAs & proteins from just a single gene.
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Before b cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into:___.
a. stem cells
b. antigen presenting cells
c. plasma cells
d. macrophages t cells
B cells develop into plasma cells before secreting antibodies.
What exactly are plasma cells and what do they do?Distinguished B-lymphocyte white blood cells called plasma cells are able to secrete immunoglobulin, or antibody. These cells, which are the primary cells in charge of humoral immunity, play a crucial part in the adaptive immune response.One class of immunoglobulin and one type of antibody can only be produced by plasma cells.Where may one find plasma cells?The bone marrow, where blood cells are created, contains plasma cells. In typical bone marrow, few plasma cells are present. The bone marrow of a person with multiple myeloma frequently has a large number of aberrant plasma cells (myeloma cells). Plasmacytomas are bone tumours that can develop from myeloma cells.
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Which sequence of structures correctly indicates the direction in which an electrical signal is carried in a typical multipolar neuron?
The sequence of structures that correctly indicates the direction in which an electrical signal is carried in a typical multipolar neuron is- dendrites, cell body and axon.
A typical multipolar neuron consists of dendrites, cell body and axon. the electric signal in the neurons are first received by the dendrites that are the branching structures arising out of the cell body.
Cell body is the main part of the neuron which have the nucleus and other cell organelles. The electric signal are passed from the dendrites to the cell body.
From cell body the signal reaches the axon through the axon hillock. Axon transmits the signal to the other cell either in the form of chemical or electrical signal.
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Many bacteria have overcome the difficulty of iron uptake by secreting low molecular weight iron-binding proteins called?
Answer:
Many bacteria have overcome the difficulty of iron uptake by secreting low-molecular, weight iron-binding proteins called Siderophores.
Explanation:
Siderophores keep a high affinity for iron chelating compounds. They are mostly secreted by microbes like bacteria, fungi, and grasses. Iron is very important for living organisms because of its involvement in many metabolic pathways. The surface iron has been oxidized by the aerobic atmosphere into an insoluble hydroxide polymer and thus the level of free oxygen gets reduced. Thus, microorganisms use such systems for the uptake of sufficient iron. The complexes of siderophores and iron are taken to the cells by the receptors. These are then encoded and in operons by five genes which are then turned off when a sufficient amount of iron is taken to the cell.
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Cellular respiration harvests the potential energy stored in ______ and uses the energy to make atp.
Cellular respiration harvests the potential energy stored in foods such as glucose and fatty acids and uses the energy to make ATP, which is later used by the life forms for the different processes.
What is the significance of the stored energy in food?There is energy present in various foods, such as carbohydrates, which have less energy than lipids, so when carbohydrates are consumed, the person receives different energy than that of fats, and these energies are used in the body. The body uses cellular respiration, and in the presence of oxygen, the cell breaks down the food via glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and ETC processes to extract the majority of the ATPs from food.
Hence, cellular respiration harvests the potential energy stored in foods such as glucose and fatty acids and uses the energy to make ATP, which is later used by the life forms for the different processes.
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A commensal bacterium?
Answer
Commensal bacteria stimulate the immune system of the host to enhance defense mechanisms that block pathogen entrance and colonization. Moreover, by creating antimicrobial properties and signals & fighting with other bacteria for food and attachment sites, such bacteria might effectively limit the spread of respiratory infections. In healthy animals, the majority of commensal bacteria live inside the intestine's lumen, although some are also found in immediate contact with the intestinal epithelium. New studies have shown that commensal bacteria may live in stable stomach lymphoid tissues. But every once in a while, especially when they travel to other areas and leave their natural habitat, these commensal bacteria might cause illness. In both old and very and also in young persons, it can spread throughout the rest of the body, causing pneumonia, infection, and meningitis.
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Olfactics, or your sense of ______, operates subtly but powerfully to influence your reactions to other people.
Olfactics, or your sense of smell, operates subtly but powerfully to influence your reactions to other people regarding environmental stimuli to different factors.
What is the olfactory epithelium?The term olfactory epithelium makes reference to the smell sense, which depends on specialized cell receptors that cover the cells in the airways and help to sense different small in nature as well as to trigger responses depending on these environmental stimuli.
In conclusion, olfactics, or your sense of smell, operates subtly but powerfully to influence your reactions to other people regarding environmental stimuli to different factors.
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The phenomenon where friction causes the infinitesimally thin layer of air molecules immediately adjacent to the body surface to stick to the surface is called the _____ condition.
Answer: Stored as lipids in fat tissue!
Explanation: Excess glucose is stored as lipids in your fat tissues. It can also be stored as glycogen in your muscles.
Some biological anthropologists analyze human remains to provide legal evidence. this special type of anthropology is known as:__________
forensic anthropology
Some biological anthropologists analyze human remains to provide legal evidence. this special type of anthropology is known as forensic anthropology
What is Forensic anthropology?
Forensic anthropology, or the study of human remains, has an unique subfield called forensic anthropology, which uses archaeology and bone analysis to solve crimes.In criminal cases, forensic anthropologists frequently examine human remains:strategies for identifying people.Analyzing and cataloging human skeletal remains.evidence gathering.crime scene investigation.archaeological techniquesexcavation of forensic and archeological human graves.What is a forensic anthropology case study?Forensic anthropologists also research the living, identifying specific criminals from surveillance footage, figuring out people's ages to determine their responsibility for crimes, and figuring out the ages of subadults in seized child p_rn.To learn more forensic anthropology visit:
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Which chip contains the system bios and can hold data permanently, even without electricity?
Chip contains the system BIOS and can hold data permanently, even without electricity is the Flash rom chip.
Flash memory is an electrically erasable and reprogrammable non-volatile electronic computer memory storage medium. The NOR and NAND logic gates inspired the names of the two primary types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash.
Consumer electronics, business systems, and industrial applications all frequently use flash memory for data storage and transfer. Regardless of whether a flash-equipped device is powered on or off, flash memory keeps data for a long time.
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The initial stage of atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation beneath the endothelium of excessive amounts of?
The initial stage of atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation beneath the endothelium of excessive amounts of LDL.
The accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, and other chemicals in and on the artery walls is known as atherosclerosis. The accumulation is known as plaque.The build-up of lipids and fibrous components in the major arteries is a hallmark of the degenerative illness known as atherosclerosis. A picture of a typical artery's anatomy can be found in Foam cells, or subendothelial accumulations of cholesterol-engorged macrophages, are the earliest lesions of atherosclerosis.Nitric oxide and prostacyclin are two chemicals that are produced by your endothelium. These maintain the fluid in your blood and stop it from clotting when it shouldn't. These compounds' insufficient production is a symptom of various diseases, which raises your risk of clotting.To learn more about atherosclerosis.
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A train traveled at 350 km in 2.5 hours. What was the average speed of the train?
Answer:
140 km per hour.
Explanation:
350 divided by 2.5= 140
The average speed of the train was 140 kilometers per hour.
Speed is a unit used to describe how fast something is moving with respect to another object. Due to its scalar nature, it has only magnitude and no direction. By dividing the distance traveled by an object by the time required to cover that distance, one can calculate its speed.
The formula for calculating speed is as follows:
Speed = Distance / Time
In the International System of Units (SI), the meter per second (m/s) is the accepted unit for measuring speed. Nevertheless, other common units for speed include kilometers per hour (km/h) and miles per hour (mph), depending on the situation and location.
We can use the following calculation to determine the typical speed of a train:
Average speed = Distance traveled / Time taken
In this example, the train covered this distance of 350 km in 2.5 hours.
Average speed = 350 km / 2.5 hours
Average speed = 140 km/h
Therefore, the average speed of the train was 140 kilometers per hour.
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1. Your classmate has asked you to be their partner in the lab. You are taking notes while your partner tells you what they see. Your assignment is to check off as many parts of the cell as possible to indicate that you have found them. Your partner says, "I see something that looks like sheets or discs layered on top of one another with little bumps all over it." Which of the following do you check off?
A. rough Endoplasmic reticulum
B smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
C ribosomes
2. cellular metabolism involves many types of chemical reactions that occur in a ____ sequence.
A specific
B random
3. _______ mechanisms allow for the cell to control which larger molecules move into and out of the cytoplasm.
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. active transport
The answers include the following:
Sheets or discs layered on top of one another with little bumps all over it means it is a rough endoplasmic reticulum and is denoted as option A. Cellular metabolism involves many types of chemical reactions that occur in a specific sequence and is denoted as option A.Active transport mechanisms allow for the cell to control which larger molecules move into and out of the cytoplasm and is denoted as option C.What is Cellular metabolism?This refers to the series of reactions which takes place in cells of organisms to ensure biological functions are fulfilled.
Most reaction which takes place are enzyme catalyzed which are specific in action and there is also random reactions but it rarely takes place.
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Are protein molecules on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters?
Reuptake is the release of a chemical into the synaptic gap, the process by which neurotransmitters are drawn back into the synaptic vesicles, the dissolution of neurotransmitters in the synaptic vesicles, and the interaction of a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron with only certain neurotransmitters.
A reabsorption is a reuptake.
Proteins or glycoproteins that bind signaling molecules known as first messengers, or ligands, are known as receptors. These are distinct-looking protein molecules that only interact with particular neurotransmitters and are found on the surface of dendrites and cell bodies.
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Sodium losing an electron is an ________ process and fluorine losing an electron is an _______ process.
endothermic process, endothermic process
Both the removal of an electron from sodium and the removal of an electron from fluorine are endothermic processes. Ionization enthalpies are always positive because removing an electron from an atom always requires energy. It is always an endothermic process.
Endothermic processes:
Heat transfer from the environment to the systems is an endothermic process. As a result, the system has absorbed heat from the environment. An endothermic process has a positive delta H change in enthalpy. Ice cube melting is one instance.
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One of the serous membranes is thicker than the other serous membranes and contains a lot of fat. which membranes so you think is thicker and why?
Golgi membrane is thick because membrane thickness play a key role in protein function .
What is serous membrane and its function?Serous membrane is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the content and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricating sliding movement between two surfaces.
Serous fluid lubricates the membrane and reduces the friction and abrasion when organs on the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity move against each other or the cavity wall.
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A biological theory, like the theory of evolution, that is widely accepted and supported by so many observations and experiments may be referred to as a principle or a:_________
A biological theory, like the theory of evolution, that is widely accepted and supported by so many observations and experiments may be referred to as a principle or a law.
What is a Law?This refers to statements which describes or predict a range of natural phenomena as a result of repeated experiments which has been performed and the authenticity has been prove by peers and other individuals.
A law is also referred to as principle and has been observed to be always true unlike due to the repeated scientific methods being done approving of its validity thereby making law the correct choice.
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What is the main idea of this text?
Shirley Chisholm was born in Brooklyn, New York and was the child of two immigrants, and she excelled on her debate team early on in her life.
Shirley Chisholm spent her political career fighting for the rights of women, people of color, and poor people in many different political seats, even though she didn’t win the Presidential nomination for the Democratic party.
When Shirley Chisholm ran for President, many other Democratic candidates encouraged her to step down because they said she wasn’t a “serious” candidate.
Shirley Chisholm ran for the New York State Legislature and represented her district in Brooklyn, and she proposed bills to increase funding for daycare and schools.
The main idea of this text is that Shirley Chisholm, a trailblazing African American politician (1924–2005), started her career as a teacher. Chisholm was the first African American elected to Congress in 1968. She served on the Education and Labor Committee and was instrumental in establishing the Black Caucus.
She once more made history in 1972 when she ran for president as the first Black woman of a major party. Chisholm left from politics after spending seven terms in the House to pursue a career as a teacher and public speaker.
As the first Black congresswoman, Chisholm began her first of seven terms in office in 1969. She stunned many by asking transfer after initially being placed to the House Forestry Committee. .
When Chisholm sought the Democratic candidacy in 1972, she became the first African American woman to run for president of the United States. Throughout her time in Congress, Shirley Chisholm advocated for equal access to education and jobs for minorities while simultaneously speaking out against the draft. She left Congress in 1983 and became well-known on the lecture circuit while teaching at Mount Holyoke College.
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What would be the benefit of a controlled lab experiment versus an observational field study? what are the benefits of using a model?
The fundamental benefit of conducting experiments as opposed to observational research is that a well-conducted study may provide solid proof that the intervention actually produced the desired outcome. Two or more groups may be compared in an experiment.
What distinguishes an observational research from a controlled experiment?In an observational research, participants are measured or surveyed without any attempt to influence them. In a controlled experiment, participants or objects are divided into groups, and one group is given a treatment while the other is not.
Strength: Due to the natural environment of a field experiment, behaviour is more likely to represent actual life, giving it better ecological validity than a lab experiment.
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The cells that line the respiratory tract are ____________ , allowing them to sweep debris back up the throat, keeping the lungs clean.
The cells that line the respiratory tract are ciliated, allowing them to sweep debris back up the throat, keeping the lungs clean.
The respiratory tract is the set of organs and ducts that form the structure in which the process related to human respiration takes place.
The respiratory tract is divided into lower and upper, the lower respiratory tract is formed by the trachea, the bronchi and their branches inside the lungs, the bronchioles, and the upper respiratory tract is formed from the nose, the mouth to the vocal cords, and includes the pharynx and the larynx.
What is a cell?A cell is the most basic and smallest form of life that exists in a living being, its parts are the membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles including the nucleus.
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A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate _____.
A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate only the center
What does a neuron's receptive field look like?The area of the sensory world where a neuron's receptive field is located is where an appropriate stimulation can either raise (excitatory) or reduce (inhibitory) a neuron's activity. The region of the retina known as a retinal ganglion cell's receptive field is where light stimulus alters the cell's response or firing rate.
a reduction in receptor sensitivity even while a stimulus is present.
Additionally called hypercomplex cells. cell of the visual cortex with a strong inhibitory field at one end of its field that reacts best to stimuli of a very specific type anywhere in a broad receptive field. The locations of these cells are in V1 and V2. Their receptive field is the biggest.
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If a cell has a relatively high energy need, you would expect it to have _________ mitochondria than a cell with a lower energy need.
Answer:
more
Explanation:
The tall ferns that we typically see in the tropics and temperate woodlands are the ________.
The tall ferns that we typically see in the tropics and temperate woodlands are the Sporophyte. The diploid multicellular organism or generation of a plant that begins with a diploid zygote and develops haploid spores through meiotic division – compare gametophyte.
A sporophyte is defined as a mature stage in the life cycle of plants and some algae that produces spores. A mature fern plant is an example of a sporophyte. Sporophyte is a diploid, multicellular plant organism that develops from the fusing of haploid male and female gametes. As a result, two tropics haploid structures unite to form a diploid structure known as the sporophyte.
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Which membrane transport mechanism requires the greatest amount of energy? active transport facilitated diffusion simple diffusion passive transport
Active transport is the membrane transport mechanism that requires the greatest amount of energy.
Active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient across a cell membrane from a location of lower concentration to a region of greater concentration. Cellular energy is needed for active transport in order to achieve this movement. Because it enables the cell to move chemicals against the concentration gradient, active transport is significant. Even though a substance's concentration is higher inside a cell than it is outside, cells can still take it in.
Exocytosis and endocytosis, two membrane transport processes that require energy expenditure, are both included in active transport. Simple diffusion, passive transport, and facilitated diffusion are all metabolically inert processes.
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The replication of dna is made possible by the presence of _____ strands in the double helix of dna.
The replication of DNA is made possible by the presence of Complementary strands in the double helix of DNA.
Why is replication is important ?Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides ,the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information or DNA as the parent cell. The replication process relies on the fact that each strand of DNA can serve as a template for duplication.
Complementary DNA is a copy of a region of a strand of DNA.
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The minor groove contains less information about the identity of base pairs than the major groove because of the.
The minor groove contains less information about the identity of base pairs than the major groove because of the major groove has more chemical information than the minor groove.
Minor groove of the DNA is the segment of DNA where the backbone strands are close together. it provides less space for the proteins from the outside to come and interact and hence it contains less information.
Major groove is the segment where the backbones are the farthest possible space. This grove can accommodate a variety of proteins to come and interact non-covalently with the DNA and hence provides much more information about the DNA.
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Assume that the concordance value for a particular trait is 85or both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. what can be concluded about this trait?
If the concordance value for a particular trait is 85% for both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. We can conclude about this trait that it is likely caused almost exclusively by environmental factors.
What is Concordance?Concordance, in genetics, is the probability that a pair of individuals will have a certain characteristic (phenotypic trait) given that one of the pair has the characteristic. Twins are said to be concordant when both have or both lack a given trait. Studies have shown that genetic traits of monozygotic twins are fully concordant, whereas in dizygotic twins, half of genetic traits are concordant, while the other half are discordant.
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One of the main arguments that animal rights advocates present is that animals have rights because they __________.
One of the main arguments that animal rights advocates present is that animals have rights because they are capable of suffering.
What is animal rights?
Animals surely deserve to live their lives freely without suffering and exploitation. Animal rights are moral principles formed in the belief that non-human animals deserve the ability to live as they wish, without being subjected to the desires of human beings. The animal rights movement strives to make the public aware about the fact that animals are sensitive, emotional, and intelligent beings who also deserve dignity and respect.
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In-linked glycosylation will occur in the ______________ which causes the protein to ______________.
In-linked glycosylation will occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, which causes the protein to glycosylation.
The process of glycosylation involves the covalent attachment of a carbohydrate to a target macromolecule, usually a protein or lipid. This adjustment has several purposes. For instance, some proteins require glycosylation in order to fold appropriately.
A crucial and tightly controlled method of processing secondary proteins inside of cells is glycosylation. It is essential for determining the stability, function, and structure of proteins. Glycosylation is known to alter the way proteins are arranged in three dimensions structurally.
The most prevalent type of posttranslational modification (PTM) on excreted and extracellular membrane-associated proteins is protein glycosylation (Spiro, 2002). Many distinct kinds of glycans, also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or sugars, are covalently joined to a protein in this process.
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The _____ nervous system conserves energy, while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
The nervous system conserves energy, while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
What is the nervous system?The nervous system is an organ system that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses and initiates actions.
The nervous system can either be the following;
SympatheticParasympatheticThe sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.
On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is one of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles.
This suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy because it slows the heart while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
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Ollowing a disturbance, the climate of an area will always lead to repopulation by the same animal, plant, fungus, and bacterial species, a group collectively referred to as a(n) __________ community.
The climate of an area will always lead to repopulation by the same animal, plant, fungus, and bacterial species, a group collectively referred as Climax Community.
What is climax community?
A community of plants, animals, and fungi that have attained steady state through the process of ecological succession in the growth of the vegetation in an area over time is referred to in scientific ecology as a climax community or climatic climax community.
Because the climax community is made up of species that are best adapted to the region's typical conditions, it was believed that this equilibrium would emerge.
The climax community's species composition doesn't change since all of the existing species are able to reproduce, whereas invasive species are unable to establish a presence. The climax stage is not entirely permanent since ecological processes, evolutionary processes, and climate changes all alter the environment over extremely long stretches of time.
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