Muscularis mucosa
The Muscularis mucosa is the thin layer of the mucosa responsible for pulling the mucosa into its many folds which increases the surface area of the alimentary canal.
The mucosa's outermost layer is called the muscularis mucosa. Elastic fibers and 3–10 smooth muscle cells make up its structure, which is often divided into an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. From the muscularis mucosa, smooth muscle cells may expand into the lamina propria and the villi.Where can you find the muscularis mucosa?The oesophagus and the large intestine, particularly in the terminal region of the rectum, have exceptionally well-developed muscularis mucosae. Additionally, the villi or spaces between the tubular glands of the stomach and large intestine contain isolated muscle cells descended from the muscularis mucosae.To learn more about muscularis mucosa visit:
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The eukaryotic ribosome is a(n) __________ ribosome, composed of 40s and 60s subunits.
The eukaryotic ribosome is a 80S ribosome, composed of 40s and 60s subunits.
Ribosome are the nucleoprotein structures. It is involved in the formation of proteins in the process of translation. Ribosomes are composed of two separate units: a smaller one and a larger one. They can be found lying in the cytoplasm of the cell or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
80S ribosome is the characteristic of eukaryotic organisms. The smaller unit of it is 40S and the larger one is 60S. The S in the ribosome refers to the Svedberg unit. It is a sedimentation coefficient. Heavier is the structure, higher is the sedimentation coefficient.
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What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
Answer:
The phenotypic ratio is the distribution pattern (expressed as a ratio) of the physical characteristics in the offspring obtained after a genetic cross. So, genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio are the two types of genetic ratios used to express the genotype and the phenotype of offspring from a genetic cross.
Explanation:
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In cells, metabolic pathways can be regulated at many different levels. list and briefly discuss how metabolic pathways could be regulated.
In cells, metabolic pathways can be regulated at many different levels by the following processes allosteric regulation, protein modification, gene expression, substrate sequestration, and cell signaling.
metabolic pathways is a series of reactions that occurs in our body. There are various ways of controlling the metabolic pathways.
Allosteric regulation is the modification of the protein structure to change its active site and turn it on or off.
Sometimes during high demand gene expression increase to increase the amount of substrate.
in cell signalling hormones are used to turn off the genes while in substrate sequestration the substrate is accumulated in a compartment and not allowed to interact with enzyme.
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Which of the organelles have their own dna separate from dna contained in the nucleus?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the two organelles that have their DNA separated from the DNA contained in the nucleus.
Organelles are the specialized organs for a eukaryotic cell to perform various functions. They are usually protected by a membrane(s) and are found in the cytoplasm of the cell. The various organelles found in a eukaryotic cell are the nucleus, peroxisomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.
The nucleus is the site for DNA replication. It then produces RNA by the process of transcription. This RNA is then transferred to ribosomes for protein synthesis. These synthesized proteins are then transferred to various cell organelles to perform their specific functions.
Meanwhile, the mitochondria and chloroplasts are the two organelles that do not need proteins synthesized by the ribosomes. They can synthesize their proteins themselves as they have their DNA separated from the DNA of the nucleus. Because of this characteristic, they are also referred to as semi-autonomous.
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How do postzygotic isolating mechanisms prevent successful interspecies hybridization?
The postzygotic isolating mechanisms prevent successful interspecies hybridization because although fertilization may be considered as successful, the resulting hybrid offspring is unable to develop or reproduce.
What are postzygotic isolating mechanisms?The postzygotic isolating mechanisms are different evolutionary mechanisms that prevent the emergence of hybrid species by acting after fertilization and therefore they act on the offspring to avoid further reproduction of these individuals.
In conclusion, the postzygotic isolating mechanisms prevent successful interspecies hybridization because although fertilization may be considered as successful, the resulting hybrid offspring is unable to develop or reproduce.
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer:
Sucrase will not be able to bind in the active site
A single amino acid substitution—from a polar to the nonpolar amino acid—occurred in the active region of the enzyme as just a result of a mutation within the gene which codes for the enzyme sucrase. Mostly what likely resulted from this mutation. An active site would not allow sucrase to bind.
The connection between the two sugars which comprise sucrose is disrupted when sucrose attaches towards the sucrase active site. The Fructose as well as glucose are released when the connection breaks.
The human body contains sucrase, but where exactly can you find it there?
A partly integrated integral protein called sucrose isomaltase (SI) is found within the small intestine's brush border.
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An increased percentage of _______________________ in your blood can be caused by an acute infection, especially a bacterial infection.
An increased percentage of Septicemia in your blood can be caused by an acute infection, especially a bacterial infection.
What are the most typical reasons for infections in the bloodstream?Most frequently, bacterial infections are to blame for sepsis. But other infections may also be to blame. It can start anyplace that bacteria, parasites, fungus, viruses, or even something as little as a hangnail enter your body. Sepsis may result from osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone.
Other types of white blood cells may decrease as a result of an increase in one type of white blood cell. For instance, if you have a bacterial infection, your neutrophils would increase and your lymphocytes will decrease.
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Within absorptive columnar cells re-synthesized triglycerides are incorporated into ______ before exocytosed through the basal side.
Within absorptive columnar cells re-synthesized triglycerides are incorporated into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, termed chylomicrons before exocytosed through the basal side.
Once consumed, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and monoglycerides in the small intestine prior to absorption. Once these compounds enter the intestinal cell, they are used to resynthesize triacylglycerol.
This lipid is then incorporated into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, termed chylomicrons, for subsequent introduction into peripheral circulation.
Chylomicrons are secreted directly into the lymph before entering the blood stream. Once in circulation, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed before crossing the plasma membrane of peripheral cells.
The primary enzyme that hydrolyzes triacylglycerol in plasma is lipoprotein lipase.
Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol. The enzyme is attached to the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells via a highly charged membrane-bound chain of heparin sulfate-proteoglycans.
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The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ____ and the ____. group of answer choices
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The nervous system of higher vertebrates as well as humans consists of two major divisions:-
The central nervous system (CNS)The peripheral nervous system (PNS)The central nervous system comprises of the brain as well as the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves of the body that are linked with the brain as well as the spinal cord, i.e. the CNS.
The central nervous system is associated with functions such as information processing as well as control. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for the transmission of information from the CNS to various parts of the body and forms a connection between them.
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Elements that exist as two covalent bonded atoms are called:
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
a) flexion and extension
b) pronation and supination
c) abduction and adduction
d) inversion and eversion
Performing "jumping jacks" requires abduction and adduction.
Abduction and adduction :Various body motions or movements are referred to by the phrases abduction and adduction. The reverse of adduction is abduction. Abduction is the movement of limbs away from the midline of the body, such as the arms, legs, or fingers. On the other hand, adduction means bringing your limbs closer to the midline.
What is the abduction movement?Abduction is often defined as the movement of a limb or appendage away from the body's midline in anatomical terms. Arm abduction in this situation refers to the movement of the arms away from the body while remaining in the plane of the torso (sagittal plane).
What exercises are adduction?While abduction exercises entail moving your limbs away from your body, like with side lunges, adduction activities include bringing your limbs toward the midline of your body.
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Darwin called the units of inheritance that pass traits from parents to offspring.
The units of inheritance that pass traits from parents to offspring as gemmules.
What is Darwin's theory of evolution?The biological evolution via natural selection idea was put out by British biologist Charles Darwin. According to Darwin, evolution is the process through which species change over time, give rise to new species, and descend from a single ancestor.
Natural selection is the theory of evolution put forward by Charles Darwin. Given the scarcity of resources in nature, animals with heritable features that promote survival and reproduction will often produce more offspring than their contemporaries, leading to a rise in the frequency of such traits across successive generations.
Populations change throughout time through natural selection, becoming increasingly adapted to their surroundings. Natural selection is reliant on the environment and necessitates the presence of heritable variation within a population.
Therefore, the units of inheritance are called gemmules.
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The inability to recognize familiar faces even though one can clearly see and describe features of the faces is associated with damage to the right ________ lobe.
A. frontal
B. parietal
C. occipital
D. temporal
Which is a correct comparison of the paper model of the planet Earth to the actual planet Earth?
(1 point)
The texture of the paper model is the same as the texture of planet Earth.
The paper model shows the same details as planet Earth.
The paper model is the same shape as planet Earth.
.
The diameter paper model is proportionally the same size as the diameter of planet Earth
Answer:
Venus????
Explanation:
The correct comparison of the paper model of the planet Earth to the actual planet Earth is The diameter paper model is proportionally the same size as the diameter of planet Earth. The correct option is 2.
This means that the size of the paper model's diameter is in proportion to the actual diameter of the planet Earth. In other words, the dimensions of the paper model are scaled down or reduced to represent the size of the Earth accurately. This is a common way of creating models to study or represent large objects like planets, as it allows us to visualize and understand their characteristics on a more manageable scale.
The use of scale allows scientists, educators, or anyone interested in understanding Earth's characteristics to work with a more manageable model while preserving the relative proportions and relationships of the planet's features. It also helps in making comparisons and understanding the magnitude of different features of the Earth in a more practical way.
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In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:_____.
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system controls the functions when an individual is at rest.
Sympathetic nervous system controls the body's fight or fright response. This means it is functional when the body undergoes some stress, danger or excitement. The hormones associated with it are epinephrine and nor-epinephrine.
Parasympathetic nervous system controls all the activities that relax the body. These functions include digestion, breathing, lacrimation, etc. The chemical released during this response is acetylcholine. Acetylcholine can bind to two types of receptors: nicotinic receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
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What is the purpose of the NASA Star Finder?(1 point) .
To observe stars and other distant objects in space.
To see how constellations change positions in the sky throughout the year.
To include new stars and constellations that are discovered every month.
To provide images of constellations from month to month.
Answer: To observe stars and other distant objects in space.
Finding the Constellations We see different views of the Universe from where we live as Earth makes its yearly trip around the solar system. That is why we have a different Star Finder for each month, as different constellations come into view.
The Star Finder charts show the sky at about 10 PM for the first of the month, 9 PM for the middle of the month, and 8 PM for the last of the month. These are local standard times. For months with Daylight Savings Time, star chart times are an hour later. The star charts are maps of the sky overhead.
Explanation: let me know if im wrong i tried
To examine stars and other far-away celestial objects. As new constellations emerge, that is why we have a fresh Star Finder for each month. Thus, option A is correct.
What is Star Finder?A Star chart is a straightforward handheld gadget that displays a map of the stars that can be seen in the night sky at any given time.
It demonstrates how stars move across the night sky by rotating a wheel, as well as how different constellations are visible at various times of the year.
Any Star chart map projection is a flat representation of our spherical perception of the cosmos. This technique always has some effect on area, scale, and distance.
In frequently used Star chart map projections, this distortion grows geometrically as the distance from the center rises.
A star chart that is extremely distorted in traditional Star chart is confusing and challenging to use. The attempt to fit the entire dome of the sky onto a single flat map has resulted in this deformation.
Therefore, To observe stars and other distant objects in space.
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While looking at tissues slides with a microscope, you identify an epithelial tissue that consists of 4 layers of thin, flat cells. this epithelial tissue would be classified as ___________.
While looking at tissues slides with a microscope, you identify an epithelial tissue that consists of 4 layers of thin, flat cells. This epithelial tissue would be classified as stratified squamous.
What is stratified squamous epithelium?Squamous (flattened and scale-like) epithelial cells make up the top layer of a stratified squamous epithelium, which is a stratified epithelium. Cuboidal or columnar cells may be present in the deeper layers. While some stratified squamous epithelia are little or not at all keratinized, others are extensively keratinized. The stratified squamous keratinized epithelium has relatively flat cells on its surface. They are flat and dead at the same time. Organelles and the nucleus are absent. Our skin is waterproof because they are loaded with keratin, a protein.
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Explain the adaptations of plants and animals in desert regions. please answer fast
Answer:
long eye lashes, hairy ears and closing nostrils help to keep out sand.
thick eyebrows which stand out and shade eyes from the sun.
wide feet so they don't sink in the sand.
they can go without water for over a week because they can drink gallons in one go.
Explanation:
A high school student noticed that the house plants growing near his window were
much taller than the plants growing on the other side of his room. He wondered if
the amount of sunlight the plants were receiving was affecting their growth.
What part of the scientific method does this best represent?
Answer:Photosynthesis
The collection of all the genetic material (the dna) in a cell or organism is called the:_________
genome
The collection of all the genetic material (the DNA) in a cell or organism is called the genome.
The total collection of DNA instructions present in a cell makes up the genome. The human genome is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes that are found in the cell's nucleus and one tiny chromosome that is found in the mitochondria. Everything a person needs to grow and operate is encoded in their genome.What makes the genome significant?Three billion base pairs of DNA make up the whole human genome, which is uniquely structured to give us our basic anatomy and unique traits like height and hair color. Understanding how genes function is essential for understanding how our bodies function and what occurs when we are ill. Genes are formed by DNA.To learn more about genome visit:
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To discover the plasma concentrations that produce the desired drug effect without toxicity means to establish the drug's:______.
To discover the plasma concentrations that produced the desired drug effect without toxicity means to establish the drugs:
Therapeutic range
Explanation:
The Therapeutic Range: What Does It Mean?
The range of drug levels in a patient's blood within which the medication produces the desired effects on the body is known as the therapeutic range. It has to deal with a numerical standard that identifies the right dosage levels of prescription drugs in the serum or plasma of the bloodstream and the distinct reactions that can occur between toxicology (overdose) and inefficient treatment (under-dose) of the patient.
Why is the drug concentration in plasma significant?
Plasma concentration monitoring is useful for determining compliance with antiarrhythmic therapy, identifying and analyzing potential drug interactions, and determining the benefit to risk ratio of raising the dose of a certain antiarrhythmic agent, among other specific objectives.
Why is the medication concentration in plasma or serum checked?
Drug concentrations in plasma, serum, or blood are measured as part of the therapeutic drug monitoring process. To ensure that drug concentrations stay within a certain range, this information is utilized to tailor dosing.
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What inheritance type has alleles that both fully express
Which function of epithelial tissues is best suited to detecting changes in the environment?
Sensation function of epithelial tissues is best suited to detecting changes in the environment.
Describe the environment:The items, situations, or surroundings that one is in. the mixture of physical (temperature, soil, etc.) and biotic (life things) factors that influence an organism or ecological community and it ultimately determine its form and survival.
What three types of environments are there?The environment can also be divided into three categories based on its constituents
(1) The aquatic environment (marine, such as oceans and seas, and freshwaters, such as lakes and rivers),
(2) The terrestrial environment (land), and
(3) The atmospheric environment (air).
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Which organelles produce lysosomes?
Answer:
Golgi apparatus
Explanation:
Lysosome enzymes are made by proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and enclosed within vesicles by the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the Golgi complex.
Where is smooth muscle typically found? select one:
a. stomach.
b. intestine.
c. kidney.
d. kidney and liver.
e. stomach and intestine.
smooth muscle is typically found in:
e. stomach and intestine
The walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines, bladder, and uterus, as well as the walls of passageways like blood and lymph vessels and the tracts of the respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems, are all made of smooth muscle.
An example of a smooth muscle found in the eyes is the ciliary muscle, which also affects the lens's shape by expanding and contracting the iris.
In response to cold temperatures, smooth muscle cells in the skin, such as those of the arrector pili, cause hair to stand upright.
Definition Smooth muscle:
Different systems use smooth muscle, a type of muscle tissue, to exert pressure on organs and arteries. Sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells make up smooth muscle.
Actin and myosin fibers that run through these cells are supported by a scaffolding of other proteins. When ATP is released for utilization by the myosin, smooth muscle contracts as a result of the stimulus. In contrast to the "on-or-off" contraction of skeletal muscle, the amount of ATP released by smooth muscle is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.
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what would happen if we removeda link in the food chain?
Embryonic mouse cells divide every 10 hours at 37C. how many cells would be produced from an egg after three days?
Embryonic mouse cells divide every 10 hours at 37°C. Therefore, the cells that would be produced from an egg after three days will be approximately 128 cells.
Embryonic mouse cells are the cells derived from the embryo of the mouse. These are the stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the embryo. These cells are pluripotent in nature and can be used to repair any cells or tissues.
According to the question,
The cell divides every 10 hours.
Three days will have = 24 × 3 = 72 hours.
Therefore at the ends of 70 hours approximately there will be 128 cells, considering that the cell divides into 2 after every 10 hours.
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Classify the characteristics as being unique to prokaryotic cells, common to both cell types, or unique to eukaryotic cells.
The number one difference among those sorts of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-certain nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is wherein eukaryotes save their genetic information.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded with the aid of using a complicated nuclear membrane and typically have a single, round chromosome positioned in a nucleoid.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded with the aid of using a complicated nuclear membrane that includes multiple, rod-fashioned chromosomes.DNA is loosely contained with inside the nucleoid region, eukaryotic cells own a nucleus, that's surrounded through a complicated nuclear membrane that homes the DNA genome.
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Plastic or Wood?
Two students in a science classroom are debating about whether
the tables are made of wood or plastic. As the teacher passes by,
she suggests, "Use cell theory to find the truth!"
One of the many functions of ____ is to span the plasma membrane and form channels that allow passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. group of answer choices
Answer:
One of the many functions of proteins is to span the plasma membrane and form channels that allow passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
Explanation:
Large, complicated molecules known as proteins perform a wide range of essential functions in the body. They are crucial for the construction, operation, and control of the body's organs and tissues that carry out the majority of their job inside cells.
Numerous millions of amino acids, which seem to be smaller building blocks of proteins, are linked together in lengthy chains to form proteins. To create a protein, 20 particular types of amino acids could be mixed. Each protein's particular function and specific 3-dimensional structure are determined by the order of the amino acids. Groupings of 3 DNA building units (nucleotides), which are regulated by the order of genes, are used to code for amino acids. Cells are supported and given structure by proteins. They permit movement of the body on a greater scale as well. These proteins transport and move atoms and tiny molecules all across the body and inside cells.
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