Please help! Im not sure if it’s primary or secondary because there was ground flora at year 0.

The complex external covering composed of two or three layers found on the majority of bacteria is termed the cell envelope.

Bacteria are the prokaryotic microorganisms that cannot be seen through unaided eyes. These are omnipresent creatures that can be visualized only under a microscope. The examples of bacteria are: E. coli, Helicobacter pylori, Lactobacillus, etc.

Cell envelope is the outermost layer that gives the cell its structure integrity and also protects the cell. The envelope is composed of three layers: cell membrane, cell wall and an outer membrane (if present). The envelope is also involved in the cell growth and division.

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Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by double membrane. i.e., Double membrane bounded cell organelle.

Cell Organelle- An organelle is a subcellular structure that, like an organ in the body, has one or more specialized tasks to carry out within the cell. The nucleus, which house genetic material, the mitochondria, which generate chemical energy, and the ribosomes, which put together proteins, are some of the most significant cell organelles.

Ribosome- The process of making proteins in a cell takes place at an intercellular structure called a ribosome, which is formed of both RNA and protein. The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence is read by the ribosome, which then converts the genetic code into a specific string of amino acids.

The given question is incomplete, click on the below link for the complete question,

Q. Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.

A) surrounded by two membranes

B) green

C) manufactured by the nucleolus

D) able to synthesize lipids

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The molecule that is least likely to be a subunit of a macromolecule is the steroids.

The term macromolecules refers to those molecules that are large and are composed of smaller subunits that are joined together to form the macromolecule. These subunits are called the monomers of the macromolecule that is under study.

We know that glucose is the building blocks for the carbohydrates while amino acids are the building blocks for the formation of the proteins. All of these are macromolecules that have these small building blocks buts steroids are too large to be building blocks of a macromolecule.

We know that the steroids are already large molecules in themselves thus they can not be joined together to form a bigger molecule.

Hence, the molecule that is least likely to be a subunit of a macromolecule is the steroids.

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Missing parts:

Subunits sometimes build up to form a macromolecule. which molecule is least likely to be comprised of subunits? A. glucose. B. amino acids. C. steroids

Linking amino acid monomers together to form a polymer requires the formation of peptide bond.

Amino acids are the molecules that are necessary to form proteins inside the body. Various amino acid also acts as hormones or signaling molecules. The basic structure of all the amino acids contains a hydrogen atom, a variable R group, an amino group and a carboxylic group attached to the same carbon called the alpha-carbon.

Peptide bond is formed by the reaction between the carboxylic group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. It is a dehydration reaction as a water molecule is released when the bond is formed.

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The finding that the client is wearing a nasal cannula delivering oxygen at 2 L per min needs further preparation for the procedure of electrical cardioversion.

Electrical cardioversion is used to treat various abnormal heart rhythms. Irregular heart rhythms can cause problems like apoplexy, stroke, or even sudden cardiac death. Artrial fibrillation (A-F) is ususally treated with this technique. A-F is a condition in which the atria of the heart shiver instead of producing a rhythm. It thus produces a rapid heartbeat and can cause a risk for apoplexy.

To start with the procedure, electrodes are stuck to the body. Electrical signals are then sent to your heart through these electrodes. Any oxygen from your body is removed before initiating the procedure because oxygen aids combustion and can result in electrical sparks inside the body and can cause flickers.

Patients are usually put on oxygen before the procedure to provide them sufficient amount of oxygen and make them stable for the procedure. Intentionally, Digoxin is kept withheld for 48 hours and food and fluids for 12 hours before the procedure.

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The ph optimum for enzymes secreted by the stomach is higher than the ph optimum for enzymes secreted by the pancreas. False

Any enzyme have a optimal ph condition in which it is most active.

The enzymes that are secreted by the stomach like the pepsin are activated and work in acidic condition from about 1.5 to 3.5 ph level.

While the enzymes of pancreas like trypsin work optimally in the basic condition of the small intestine from about 6 to 7.4.

Hence the ph of the pancreatic enzymes require a higher ph as compared to the ph value of the stomach bacteria. So the statement given above is not true.

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After two weeks the number of bacteria that could be

[tex]is \: 4 \: x _{0} \: and \: after \: four \: weeks \: the \:[/tex]

number of bacteria that could be expected is

[tex]16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]

The growth rate of the number of bacteria is at time t ∝Number of bacteria present at time t

Let the population of the bacteria present at time t = x(4)

[tex]Let \: x(0) = x _{ 0}[/tex]

[tex]Let x(1) = 2 \: x_{0}[/tex]

[tex] \frac{dx}{dt} = kx[/tex]

k is the constant.

[tex]∫ \frac{dx}{x} = ∫kdt[/tex]

[tex]log_{c} \: x = kt + log_{e} \: c[/tex]

So at the time, t = 0.

[tex] log_{e} \: x _{0} = log_{e} \:c[/tex]

[tex]c = x _{0}[/tex]

[tex]log \: x = kt \: + \: log \: x _{0}[/tex]

[tex]x = x_{0} \: \times \: e ^{kt} [/tex]

At the time t = 1.

[tex]2 \: x _{0} = x _{0} \: e^{k} [/tex]

[tex]2 = e ^{k} [/tex]

k = In 2

[tex]x(t) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{In \: 2t} [/tex]

After two weeks the number of bacteria that could be expected is,

[tex]x(2) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{In \: 2} [/tex]

[tex] x _{0} \: 2^{2} = 4 \: x _{0} [/tex]

After two weeks the number of bacteria could be expected to

[tex]is \: 4 \: x _{0} .[/tex]

After four weeks the number of bacteria that could be expected is,

[tex]x(4) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{4In \: 2} [/tex]

[tex]x _{0} \: 2^{4} = 16 \: x _{0} [/tex]

After four weeks the number of bacteria could be

[tex]expected \: is \: 16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]

Therefore, after two weeks the number of bacteria that

[tex]could \: be \: expected \: is \: 4 \: x _{0} \: and \: after \:[/tex]

and four weeks the number of bacteria that could be

[tex]expected \: is \: 16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]

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Structural family therapy is c) concerned with the context of family structures.

Structural family therapy can be described as a kind of therapy in which a whole family structure is taken into consideration for the intervention of a particular family.

Instead of focusing on a single member, the therapist focuses on the entire family combined in order to solve their issues. The therapist looks at the habits, ways of communication, routines, etc of the family members and suggests what changes need to be made in the family for it to evolve together.

Structural family therapy is an evidence-based approach that helps to treat families that have suffered from trauma, mishap, or have a mental disorder running in the family. The treatment of the whole family is concerned in such a therapy.

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answer should be D: autonomic

Answer: D

Explanation:

Answer:

There are two main waves; transverse and longitudinal. Transverse waves are like the waves we see in the ocean when we are at the beach. Longitudinal waves consist of sound, but different. Longitudinal waves have more complex properties than sound waves. They follow a consistent pattern of compressions and rarefactions within a(consistent) medium.

In-case you wonder what a medium is, a medium is the substance that carries the wave. Remember that it only transports the wave, and it plays no part in actually making the wave. When waves crash, the particles within the medium are disturbed, so they carry/pass on the disturbance to keep the wave's pattern consistent.

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Phlegm i think this is the correct answer hopefully this helps

By studying people with brain damage in certain regions of the brain, we gain a better understanding that the cognitive processes rely on the brain.

Brain is the one of the most essential organ of the body that controls the emotions, memory, touch, thought process, motor skills, breathing, body temperature, hunger and all other processes that regulates our body.

Brain along with spinal cord and its extension consists of the Central nervous systems.

Any injury or harm that can cause damage to brain cell is called brain damage. It could lead to stroke, shock, blood clots formation or other problems in the brain.

Cognitive process is the ability to make judgement and perception. It can be lost due to brain damage.

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True

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Through the application of radiometric dating techniques, the relative and absolute ages of rocks and fossil records offer proof of the earth's geographic past.

The geologists' dating techniques are typically based on radioactive dating.

To date the history of such events, credible sources of information such as the natural decay of the elements or compounds contained in the artifacts are used.

For instance, Red Rock Canyon is a region of geologic significance to all people.

The Red Rock Canyon National Conservation area is a beauty that took millions of years to create. Red Rock Canyon was discovered at the bottom of an ocean basin around 500 million years ago.

This ocean basin has accumulated limestone that is home to marine life fossils. The Aztec Sandstone has been found to contain the footprints of two-footed, meat-eating dinosaurs.

There were also uncovered the footprints of small creatures including spiders, scorpions, early mammals, and proto-mammals. Red Rock Canyon's fossils and rock formations provide proof of the planet's geologic past.

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A polar bond  that occur(s) when atoms share electrons unequally.

A Nonpolar Covalent Bond occur(s) when atoms share electrons equally.

This is known to be a bond that is said to have  created if atoms are said to share their electrons in an equal way.

Note that this is one that often  occurs if two atoms are said to be the same or are similar or have the similar electron affinity.

Note also that the closer the values of a given electron affinity, the stronger the attraction.

Therefore, A polar bond  that occur(s) when atoms share electrons unequally.

A Nonpolar Covalent Bond occur(s) when atoms share electrons equ

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TheThe  focus areas of recommendation are Enhance knowledge and leadership regarding safety , identify and learn from errors , set performance standards and expectations for safety and implement safety system within health care organizations.

The phrase" to point err human" means that human beings make mistakes and emphasize the quality of forgiveness and kindness. To err is human and to forgive is divine , which means it is natural for human beings to make mistakes as they are not perfect.

So there are four focus areas knowledge and leadership , Identity and learning from mistake.

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Answer:

Explanation:

genotype

Bacteria carry out bidirectional replication of their single chromosome by using 2 replisomes that each contains 2 DNA polymerase enzymes.

A replication method takes place between storage media such as virtual disks or hard disks.

This type of replication occurs in different sites where data can be transferred in both directions.

In bacteria, DNA replication takes place in circular DNA along individual chromosomes.

However, it is a reciprocal method where all ribosomal proteins gather at the replication forks to construct a replication complex which is called a replisome.

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The claim 'Gardening is good for the soul because plants represent the beauty of nature' is most likely based on pseudoscience (Option c).

Pseudoscience can be defined as non-supportive data which does not involve the use of the scientific method (i.e., hypothesis testing and experimentation).

In conclusion, the claim 'Gardening is good for the soul because plants represent the beauty of nature' is most likely based on pseudoscience (Option c).

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Kelly, who is blind, switches on the fan in her room without anyone's help. she is able to do this because the Somatic nervous system relays the relevant information to her brain.

According to the classical doctrine of the nervous system, an animal's nervous system is a highly sophisticated component that coordinates its movements and sensory data by sending and receiving signals to and from various regions of its body.

The somatic nervous system, also known as the voluntary nervous system, is the area of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement.

A part of the peripheral nervous system called the somatic nervous system is responsible for the voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement.

The cranial nerves, which transmit information from the brain to the head and neck region, are an illustration of the somatic nervous system. In this area, conscious motor functions are under the control of the somatic nervous system.

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The type of lipid formed from rings of carbon atoms which regulate sexual function, blood glucose levels and are an important component in cell membranes are known as Steroids.

Steroids- A steroid is an organic molecule having four rings organized in a certain chemical configuration that is physiologically active. The two main biological roles of steroids are as signaling molecules and as critical elements of cell membranes that affect membrane fluidity.

Cell Membrane- All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which divides the inside of the cell from the external environment. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.

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The number of new cases of a particular disease contracted within a defined population in a specified period is referred to as the incidence of the disease.

Population is defined as a group of similar type of organisms. This group of  organisms live in the same area, they require same resources, have similar types of habits. The most essential criteria is that they can breed and reproduce among themselves.

Incidence of a disease is the data that provides information about the number of people affected by a disease at a given period of time. The likelihood of a person getting affected by the disease can be estimated using incidence.

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Answer:

the plasma membrane is made up primarily of a bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, and, in animal cells, cholesterol.

Explanation:

Differences in structure between a DNA helix and an RNA helix can predominantly be attributed to the presence of 2' hydroxyl group in RNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix, contains the genetic material required for the growth, development, and reproduction of all recognized organisms as well as a number of viruses. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and DNA are examples of nucleic acids. Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules required for all known forms of life.

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The true statements about microbes are: (1) Viruses and prions are considered microbes; (2) Some microbes are visible to the unaided eye.

Microbes are the tiny microorganisms that can only be visualized under the microscope. They are not visible to the unaided eyes. The microorganisms can range from bacteria, viruses, protozoans, etc. The microorganisms are harmful to the living organisms, however, there are various useful bacteria as well.

Viruses are those microbes that do not follow the cell theory. Hence they are called the acellular organisms. Viruses can be dead/inactive outside the living body, but once inside any host they become activated.

The question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Select the true statement(s) about microbes. to be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

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The optimal pH and temperature for Enzyme B are 3 and 90 degrees Celsius, respectively.

What is bacteria?

Bacteria (plural bacterium, noun bacteria) are common, largely free-living organisms that frequently only have one biological cell. They make up a significant portion of the prokaryotic microbial kingdom. Soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of the Earth's crust are all home to bacteria. Through the recycling of nutrients, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere, bacteria are essential at many phases of the nutrition cycle. The decomposition of dead corpses is a part of the nutrient cycle; bacteria are in charge of the putrefaction phase of this process. In the biological communities around hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to support life by converting dissolved chemicals, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Additionally, bacteria coexist with plants and animals in parasitic and symbiotic ways.

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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA, No RNA would be produced since the RNA polymerase would be unable to detect and bind the DNA.

Promoter sequences are DNA sequences that specify the point at which RNA polymerase starts to transcribe a gene. Typically, promoter sequences are found at the 5' end or immediately upstream of the transcription initiation point.

Promoter sequences are essential in expression vectors because they regulate how RNA polymerase binds to DNA. DNA is converted to mRNA by RNA polymerase, and mRNA is then translated into a useful protein. Thus, the promoter region regulates the expression of your gene of interest in the organism.

Promoter sequences and terminators are segments of DNA that are located upstream and downstream (respectively) of genes that regulate both the rate of transcription and the rate of mRNA degradation. Therefore, both of these components regulate the expression of a synthetic construct's net protein.

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According to a recent analysis, the extinction of woolly mammoths and other huge animals more than 10,000 years ago was triggered by the same "trophic cascade" of ecosystem disturbance that top predators like wolves, cougars, and sharks are causing now. Researchers claim that this mass extinction was brought about by newly arriving humans tipping the scales of power and competing with powerful predators like sabre-tooth cats in a study that was just published in the journal Bioscience. A long-lasting equilibrium was upset, which could be the reason why two-thirds of North America's huge mammals disappeared during this time. Ripple stated, "We think the evidence suggests that substantial ecosystem changes, leading to these domino consequences, can be induced either by removing or introducing a major predator. "The difficulties may have started by adding a predator, in this case, humans, much as they did with woolly mammoths and sabre-tooth cats," says the author.

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