If the dissolution of borax in water is spontaneous, the change in enthalpy will be both positive and negative. It can be predicted by the sign of the enthalpy change depending on the temperature.
What is borax?Borax is a hydrated borate of sodium. It is a salt. When borax is mixed in water, it is converted into boric acid and the pH will be 9.13.
Enthalpy is a total heat energy present in a closed system, also called a thermodynamic system.
Thus, the change in enthalpy will be of both signs. Predicted by the sign of the change in temperature.
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When salt dissolves completely into water, which term is used to describe the water?
1. solute
2. solution
4. concentration
4. solvent
Water is called Solvent ,When salt dissolves completely into water.
What is solvent?Solvents are substances, usually liquids, that help other substances dissolve and mix together to form solutions. Nonpolar solvents, such as hydrocarbons, do not support ion production; polar solvents do (for example, water). Acidic, basic, amphoteric (both), or aprotic solvents are the four most common types (neither).
Alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, amines, nitrated and halogenated hydrocarbons are a few examples of organic substances that are utilized as solvents, along with other hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. Their main applications are in inks, paints, varnishes, lacquers, extractive processes, industrial cleansers, medicines, and media for chemical synthesis.
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Answer: solvent
Explanation:
Place the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point. ch3cl, n2, ch3ch2nh2
The order of increasing boiling points of the following compounds is:
ch3ch2nh2 > ch3cl > n2
The boiling point of CH3CH2NH2 is 16.6°c. The boiling point of CH3CL is -24.2 °C and the boiling point of N2 is -195.8 °C.
The boiling point is defined as the point at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
At the boiling point, the liquids start to convert into gaseous form. The boiling points always depend upon the external pressure. For example, the boiling point of certain substances at sea level won't be the same as at mount Everest.
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A hypothetical metal has the bcc crystal structure, a density of 7.24 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 48.9 g/mol. the atomic radius of this metal is:_______
The atomic radius of this metal is 1.22 × 10⁻⁸ cm.
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atom.
d(metal) = 7.24 g/cm³; a density of a metal
M(metal) = 48.9 g/mol; an atomic weight of a metal
Na = 6.022×10²³; Avogadro's number
Z(metal) = 2; number of atom the BCC unit cell
a = ?; the side length of the BCC unit cell
a = ∛Z×M /d×Na
a = ∛(2×48.9 g/mol) ÷ (7.24 g/cm³×6.022×10²³)
a = 2.82 × 10⁻⁸ cm
r = a×√3 / 4; the atomic radius formula
r = 2.82 × 10⁻⁸ cm×√3 / 4
r = 1.22 × 10⁻⁸ cm
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When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration.
The difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas is called the concentration gradient. When a region has a higher particle concentration than another, this is known as a concentration gradient. A concentration gradient will cause particles in passive transport to diffuse down it from higher concentration to lower concentration until they are evenly spaced.
The gradual separation of a region of high density from a region of low density in a solution in terms of the concentration of a dissolved material. Understanding how ions and particles flow randomly in a solution or gas depends on the concentration gradient.
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Explain the technique for measuring the freezing point of a solution. why is salt added to the ice?
Technique that are used to measure the freezing point of a solution is the osmometer it uses the solution's freezing point depression to put up its brawn. It is used to manage the level of osmotically felicitous body fluid in a lot of chemicals mixed in the blood operate the relationship which a mole of mixed substance lessen the freezing point of water(H2O) by 1.86 °C (35.35 °F).
The Rast method is also there.
Beckmann thermometer
When added to ice, salt first bring to an end in the film of liquid water that is always near by on the surface, thereby clouded its freezing point below the ices temperature. Ice in contiguity with salty water therefore melts, produce more liquid water, which mixed more salt, thereby lead to more ice to melt, and so on.
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when an open cup of water sits in a table, it will evaporate over gime. do all liquids evaporate at the same rate? suppose you conduct an experiment to see how quickly water, rubbing alcohol and bail polish remover evaporate. describe theee important techniques you will have to follow to make sure your experminal procedure is repeatable and objective.
Answer:
Research Experiment
Abstract
The study is to investigate the rates of evaporation of liquids. It depends on the energy that the molecules possess. For the research, 4 beakers were filled with different liquids and made to stand for 7 days. The quantity left after the time period has elapsed determines the rate at which the liquids evaporate. Studying the individual characteristics of the liquids one could theorize the reason behind the varying rates of evaporation.
Introduction
The purpose of the experiment is to check whether different liquids evaporate at the same rate or not.
Problem Statement
Do all liquids evaporate at the same rate?
Hypothesis
Different liquids evaporate at different rates.
Materials
Orange juice
Alcohol
Nail polish remover
Water
4 beakers with graduations
Pen and paper
Step By Step Procedure
Pour 80 ml of each liquid in separate beakers.
Label the beakers with the names of the liquids
Place them in a dry location under room temperature.
Make a table on the paper to monitor the levels of the beaker for a week.
Convert each of the measurements given to the new unit stated using the factor label method (dimensional analysis). show all work including rewriting the given.
two step conversions:
26 cm to ft. ______________
16 lb to g ______________
1 yr to s ______________
3.5 mi to km ______________
The conversion of each of the measurements given to the new unit stated using the factor label method is as follows:
26 cm to ft:1 Foot = 30.48 cm.
∴ 26 cm = 26/30.48 = 0.853 foot.
16 lb to g:1lb = 453.59 g.
16 lb = 453.59 × 16 = 7257.48 g.
1 yr to s:1 year = 365 days; 1 day = 24 hours; 1 hour = 60 minutes; 1 minute = 60 sec.
1 year = 365 × 24× 60× 60 = 31,536,000 seconds.
3.5 mi to km:1 mile = 1.60 km.
3.5 mile = 3.5 × 1.60 = 5.63 km.
What is the Factor label method?The factor label method may be defined as a type of technique that is significantly utilized in order to convert one unit of measurement into the other with the utilization of the conversion factor.
Therefore, the conversion of each of the measurements given to the new unit stated using the factor label method is well-described above.
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Convert a speed of 5.70 km/s to units of meter per hour. show the unit analysis by dragging the conversion factors into the unit factor slots
The speed of 5.70 km/s converted into meters per hour would be 20520000 meters/hour.
What is a unit of measurement?
A unit of measurement is a specified magnitude of a quantity that is established and used as a standard for measuring other quantities of the same kind. It is determined by convention or regulation.
As given the speed is 5.70 km/s
1 km = 1000 m
5.7 km = 5700 m
3600 s = 1 hour
1 s = 1/3600 hour
5.70 km/s = 5700 meters / 1/3600 hour
=20520000 meters/hour
Thus, the speed of 5.70 km/s converted into meters per hour would be 20520000 meters/hour.
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Which organ absorbs water and some minerals and vitamins while also passing waste material to its lower portion?
The small intestine is the site of digestion and absorption of minerals and vitamins and the rest of the water material is passed into the large intestine.
The small intestine has a highly coiled structure of about 7.5 meters in length. In the small intestine, the acidic chyme is mixed with pancreatic juice, bile juice, and intestinal juice and comes into contact with the enterocytes present in the villi. Digestion of all nutrients is complete. Carbohydrates get broken down into monosaccharides. Proteins are broken down into amino acids. Absorption of nutrients through the enterocytes occurs through diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Water present in the digested food is absorbed by osmosis. Smaller fat-soluble substances (fatty acids and glycerol) diffuse through the cell membranes. Larger molecules are transported inside the villi by other transport mechanisms.
Monosaccharides and amino acids move into the blood capillaries present in the villi. Fatty acids and glycerol move into the lacteals and the thoracic duct through the lymphatic vessels. From there, they enter circulation. Some proteins are absorbed unchanged. For example, antibodies present in breast milk or poliomyelitis vaccine are absorbed directly. Vitamins, minerals, and water are absorbed from the small intestine into blood capillaries. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fatty acids and glycerol into the lacteals. Vitamin B2 is absorbed in the terminal ileum. Out of all the fluid entering the alimentary tract every day, only 1500 ml is not absorbed in the small intestine and passes into the large intestine.
Therefore, the small intestine is the site of digestion and absorption of minerals and vitamins and the rest of the water material is passed into the large intestine.
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A sample of 35.0 g of magnesium undergoes oxidation. what mass of mgo is produced?
56.0g mass of MgO is produce.
A sample of 35.0 g of magnesium undergoes oxidation then the reaction is
2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s)
2×24.31 2(24.31+16)
Molar mass of Mg = 24.31 g/mol mass(Mg)= 35.0 g
35.0 g of magnesium gives 80.62 MgO
24.31 g of mg will give 24.31×80.63/35.0=56.00g
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I NEED HELP ASAP ANYONE PLEASE
When an arrow (--->) is used in a chemical equation, on which side of the arrow are the reactants found?
Select one:
a. Above the arrow.
b. Below the arrow.
c. To the left of the arrow.
d. To the right of the arrow.
Answer:
C. to the left of the arrow
Explanation:
The reactants (the chemicals that initiate the chemical reaction) are represented on the left, while the products (the substances that result from the reaction) are represented on the right. An arrow sign ("→" commonly read aloud as "yields") separates the two.
Sorry if I'm wrong
Answer: C
Explanation:
C
Explain hydrogen bonding. how many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form
Hydrogen bonding is a unique type of dipole-dipole enchantment among molecules, now not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive pressure between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom consisting of a N, O, or F atom and some other very electronegative atom.
A single water molecule can form 4 Hydrogen Bonds.
A hydrogen atom this is linked to a exceptionally electronegative atom and some other relatively electronegative atom that is nearby engage with each other to form hydrogen bonds, which are an unique kind of attractive intermolecular interactions. This system is known as hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen, as an example, is covalently related to the more electronegative oxygen atom in water molecules (H2O).
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Of the following compounds, which is the most ionic?
(a) sicl4
(b) brcl
(c) pcl3
(d) cl2o
(e) cacl2
cacl2 is the most ionic.
Ionic bonding is the perfect transfer of valence electrons between atoms. This is a type of chemical bond that creates two oppositely charged ions of her. In ionic bonding, metals lose electrons and become positively charged cations, while nonmetals gain their electrons and become negatively charged anions.
An ionic bond also called an electrical bond, is a type of bond created by electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. Such bonds are formed when the valence (outermost) electron of one atom permanently moves to another atom.
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The density of a gold nugget is 31.4 g/cm3. if the volume of the gold nugget is 0.00369 l, the mass of the nugget is ________
The mass of nugget is 106.446 grams.
We are given the density and volume of the gold nugget in the question. Now, to find the mass of gold nugget, we need to relate the three quantities. The relation between them is as follows -
Density = mass÷volume
Rewriting the formula according to mass
Mass = density × volume
Converting the volume from cm³ to liters. As per the known fact,
1 liter = 1000 cm³
So, 0.00369 liters = 3.69 cm³
Keep the values in formula to find the mass
Mass = 31.4×3.69
Performing multiplication to find the mass of gold nugget
Mass = 106.446 grams
Hence, the mass of gold nugget is 106.446 grams.
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if an atom of carbon gains or loses a proton, what is it called?
Answer:
Carbon can not gain or lose protons because it has 4 electrons.
Explanation:
In which the following cases is pressure a factor in the solubility of the solute in the solvent? a. alcohol is dissolved in water b. carbon dioxide is dissolved in sparking wine c. sugar is dissolved in water d. acetylene gas is mixed with oxygen in a blowtorch
Answer: a
Explanation:
An isotope of cesium (cesium-137) has a half-life of 30 years. if 1.0 mg of cesium-137 disintegrates over a period of 90 years, how many mg of cesium-137 would remain?
0.125 mg of cesium-137 would remain.
What is cesium-137?For calibrating radiation-detection tools like Geiger-Mueller counters, modest amounts of cs-137 are utilized. Cs-137 is employed in higher concentrations in medical radiation therapy equipment for the treatment of cancer, in industrial gauges that monitor liquid flow through pipelines, and in other industrial equipment to gauge the thickness of materials including paper, photographic film, and metal sheets.
In nuclear reactors and during the testing of nuclear weapons, one of the consequences of nuclear fission is cs-137. Due to nuclear reactor mishaps, such as the 1986 Chernobyl power plant accident, which spread Cs-137 to numerous European nations, and nuclear weapons testing that took place in the 1950s and 1960s, small amounts of Cs-137 can be discovered in the environment.
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A compound that occupies a receptor but does not activate the neuron is known as a(n)?
A compound that binds to a receptor but does not activate the neuron is known as an Antagonist.
A receptor is a large protein molecule on a neuron that gets activated when a ligand binds to it such as a drug or hormone, or when electrical impulses pass through it.
An antagonist is a drug or hormone that binds to receptor, but instead of activating the receptor, it blocks or dampens the activation of the neuron. Antagonist drugs are used to interfere with the normal function or operation of a protein receptor.
Depending on the nature of the antagonist or the receptor it's bound to, the effects of antagonists may be permanent or temporary.
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One of the radioactive isotopes used in chemical and medical research is iodine-125, which has a half-life of 61 days. how long would it take for 0.25 g to remain of a 1.00 g sample of iodine-125?
Having a half-life of 61 days, iodine-125 would take 122 days for a 0.25 g of iodine-125 to remain from 1.00 g of it.
Half-life, an aspect of radioactive decay, is defined as the amount time it takes a radioactive isotope to disintegrate by a half. The formula for half-life is given by:
N(t) =N(0) 1/2 ^ t/t(1/2)
where N(t) = amount of substance remaining
N(0) = initial amount of substance
t = elapsed time
t(1/2) = half-life of the substance
Using this formula where N(t) = 0.25 g, N(0) = 1.00 g, and t(1/2) = 61 days,
N(t) =N(0) 1/2 ^ t/t(1/2)
0.25 g = 1.00 g x (1/2)^t/61
(1/2)^t/61 = 1/4
t = 122 days
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As the elevator (lift) moves to the top of the ramp, the skier's potential energy _________ .
As the elevator (lift) moves to the top of the ramp, the skier's potential energy increasing .
What is potential energy?Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components. A spring has more potential energy when it is crushed or stretched.
A steel ball has far more potential energy raised above the ground than has after falling to Earth. In the raised position it is capable of doing more work.
Potential energy is a characteristic of systems rather than of particular bodies or particles; for instance, the system made up of Earth and the raised ball has more potential energy as they become further apart.
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A unknown compound was found to have the molecular formula c5h12o2 . to which compound classes could the compound belong? check all the apply. the possible functional groups are:
The compound classes are alcohol (hydroxyl group) and ether (ether group).
A unknown compound was found to have the molecular formula C₅H₁₂O₂.
Degree of unsaturation = (2C + 2 + N - X - H) / 2
Degree of unsaturation = (2 × 5 + 2 + 0 - 0 - 1) / 2
Degree of unsaturation = 0
C = number of carbon
H = number of hydrogen
N = number of nitrogen
X = number of halogen
The degree of unsaturation is 0, a unknow compound has only single bond.
Alcohols and ethers have single bonds and oxygen in their structure.
In the pictures below, there are examples of alcohol with two hydroxyl group (-OH) and ether with two ether groups.
It cannot be carboxylic acid, because acid has double bon.
It cannot be phenol, because it must have minimum six carbon atoms.
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Which polymers are composed of amino acids? nucleic acids carbohydrates proteins monomers
Proteins are composed of amino acid
What is amino acid?
Protein is constructed from amino acids. An extended chain of amino acids makes up proteins. There are a huge variety of proteins in your body, each of which performs a vital function.
Amino acid sequences differ for every protein. The protein can adopt various shapes and perform a variety of bodily tasks depending on the sequence.
The alphabet's letters can be compared to amino acids. You can create new words by combining letters in various ways. Similar principles apply to amino acids; by combining them in different ways, proteins of various types can be created.
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How do you prepare 40 ml of a 2 mg/ml protein solution from 10 mg/ml protein solution?
To dilute the concentrated protein solution to make 40mL of a 2mg/mL solution, take 8mL of the concentrated stock and add 32mL of solvent.
What is concentrated protein?Unattached or attached to an atom, an electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle (not bound). One of the three main types of particles inside an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is linked to the atom.
An atom's nucleus is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The positive charge of a proton balances out the negative charge of an electron. An atom is in a neutral state if its protons and electrons are equal in number.
They have a mass that is considerably lower, exist outside of the nucleus, and display both wave- and particle-like properties. Since an electron is also a fundamental particle, it is unreinforced and unbroken.
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True or false risk is defined as an inherent chemical or physical characteristic
It is False that risk is defined as an inherent chemical or physical characteristic.
Risk is the probability that a person if exposed to a hazard will experience( or get harmed) an adverse health effect, it also goes with situations with equipment of property loss or harmful effects on the environment.Many factors influence the degree of risk such as the nature of exposure, the severity of the effect, how the person is been exposed, and so on.
Whereas the hazard word has a confusing definition, it refers to a physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing damage to property, people, or the environment. Most of the time hazard gets combined with the word Risk.
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Have you ever tried eating delicious delicacies served in your school canteen during recess time? Have you ever thought of how these foods were prepared in such a way that various ingredients were mixed to make it delicious and healthy? The combination of several components or elements produce a useful end product that can be utilized and consumed for our advantage.
Yes, I have tried eating delicious delicacies served in the school canteen during recess time.
The food that is served in the school canteen is either cooked or in raw form.For example, I ate a vegetable sandwich and a banana smoothie for lunch. Cucumber and tomato are the sandwich's ingredients. We had bread, butter, salt, cheese, and cabbage. Bananas, milk, and sugar are all components of the banana milkshake. the cucumber has vitamin C. While tomatoes also contain vitamin C, cheese has lipids, and Banana has carbohydrates and these all components are good for health.Energy is what carbs are mostly used for, but they also aid to control blood sugar levels. While proteins are the building blocks of the body, stable lipids primarily aid in the storage of energy and the communication of information to cell membranes.The combination of these components in food produces different end products like vitamins, minerals, and many other nutrients which are beneficial for a healthy body.
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If 53.5 g of c3h8 are burned in the presence of 15.0 g of oxygen to produce 23.3 g of co2. How many grams of water will be produced? c3h8 o2 co2 h2o
Mass of water is 45.2 grams.
Overall chemical equation for reaction of combustion a propane (C₃H₈):
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O.
m(C₃H₈) = 53.5 g; mass of the propane
m(O₂) = 15.0 g; mass of oxygen
m(CO₂) = 23.3 g; mass of carbon dioxide
m(H₂O) = ?; mass of water
Conservation of matter states that the mass of the reactants have to be equal to the mass of the products.
m(C₃H₈) + m(O₂) = m(CO₂) + m(H₂O)
53.5 g + 15.5 g = 23.3 g + m(H₂O)
m(H₂O) = 69.0 g - 23.3 g
m(H₂O) = 45.2 g; mass of water
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Name one similarity and one difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are both similar types of phenomenon.
One similarity between the simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that they both are the passive processes. Since, passive process do not require any energy or ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ), both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion do not have energy requirements. These diffusion process moves or transports the molecules down the concentration gradient, so they do not require energy.One difference between simple and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion takes place with the help of the action of the transmembrane proteins namely carrier proteins, channel proteins, aquaporins, etc.,In simple diffusion, there is no requirement of such transmembrane proteins. Molecules are transported directly across the cell membrane which is allowed by it.To learn more about diffusion,
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Sugar is a compound made of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Which element is left on the spoon after the sugar is heated?
Answer:
carbon is the element left on the spoon after the sugar is heated.
use the isotope graph to find the isotopes described below. In each case, give the isotope name and the isotope symbol
a. Find three isotopes with equal numbers of neutrons and protons
b. Find Isotopes with the same number of protons.
c. Find two isotopes with the same number of neutrons.
d. Find two isotopes with the same atomic mass units.
O16, O17, and O18 are three isotopes with an equal number of neutrons and protons. Cl 35 and Cl 37 have an equal number of protons.
Isotopes:
Isotopes contain the same number of electrons and protons. They contain a different number of neutrons.
a. O16, O17, and O18 are three isotopes with an equal number of neutrons and protons.
b. Cl 35 and Cl 37 have an equal number of protons.
c. Isotopes are atoms that have the same protons but different neutrons.
Atoms called isotopes have the same atomic number but different masses as a result of a variation in the neutron count. Carbon-12 (C612), carbon-13 (C613), and carbon-14 (C614) are the three carbon isotopes that exist. Most elements have mixes of isotopes in their naturally occurring samples.Therefore, O16, O17, and O18 are three isotopes with an equal number of neutrons and protons. Cl 35 and Cl 37 have an equal number of protons.
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What can be said about the mass of the 1.0 m hcl and 1.0 m naoh solutions after they were combined?
The can be said about the mass of the 1M HCl and 1 M NaOH after they were combined
The combined mass of the 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH was the sum of their respective masses.
So, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide approach to form sodium chloride and water. This response can be represented as: Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium chloride + Water.
The mass of the 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M NaOH solutions after they were combined is 76.5g.
HCl + NaOH ⇄ NaCl + H₂O
1 mole of HCl produces 1 mole of NaCl
36.5g of HCl produces= 58.5g of NaCl
36.5g of HCl produces= 18g of H₂O
Total mass after combining = 58.5g + 18g = 76.5g
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