A type of connective tissue that provides primary support and protection for body structures is bones and cartilage.
Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth analysis and summary of the topic for all vertebrates. It examines the functions of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs, and skeletal systems, as well as their growth and evolution across time.
The most recent findings in molecular, cellular, developmental, and evolutionary biology are combined in Bones and Cartilage to form a cohesive field known as developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. In addition to explaining how bone is mended when we break a leg or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb or a lizard develops a new tail, it also describes how bone and cartilage originate in embryos and are preserved in adults.
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Which term names the process whereby molecules in vesicles are exported out of the cell?.
The process by which molecules in vesicles are exported out of the cell is called exocytosis.
Exocytosis is the process by which secretions of the cell are transported out of the cell into the extracellular fluid. It occurs when the vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane to allow its content to move out of the cell.
Cell membranes are semipermeable membranes that do not allow foreign molecules to pass through them. But vesicles and plasma membranes are both made up of lipids which is the reason why they can fuse. This fusion allows macromolecules to move in and out of the cell.
Neurotransmitters, cell wastes, germs, carbon dioxide, water, etc are some of the content that can move out of the cell through exocytosis. Cells also replenish their inner content by fusion with the vesicles and remove the toxic content from the cell if encountered with one.
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Describe each of the cycles in nature. Identify where each cycle is found, how organisms use them, and what key words relate to them.
The correct answer is four cycles are (1) The Water Cycle or Hydrologic Cycle (2) The Carbon Cycle (3) The Nitrogen Cycle (4) The Oxygen Cycle.
The hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system. The water cycle is defined as the movement of water from the ground to the atmosphere and back again.
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon from the atmosphere to soils, living creatures, the ocean, and human sources.
The Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process in which nitrogen is converted into various forms before passing from the atmosphere to the soil to the organism and back into the atmosphere.
The entire cycle can be summarized as follows: the oxygen cycle begins with photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight, releases oxygen back into the atmosphere, which humans and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, and then links back to the process of photosynthesis.
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A coccus bacterium, such as streptococcus pneunoniae, would be ________________.
A coccus bacterium, such as streptococcus pneumonia, would be round.
Streptococcus pneumonia is a bacteria that causes pneumococcal disease. It is an infectious disease that can spread from one person to another through the means of infected droplets. The primary organs that are affected by this disease are the lungs. The symptoms include short breaths, fever, cough, chest pain, etc. Hearing impairments, brain damage, and even death are also considered in severe cases.
PPSV23 and PCV13 are the vaccines recommended for adults and infants respectively to protect from pneumonia-causing bacteria. People should take precautions while traveling and spending time in crowded areas.
Streptococcus pneumonia is an oval or round-shaped gram-positive bacteria that generally lives in the confidential area of the human body as a pathogen.
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The diameter of a liver cell is 2.5x10-5m. The diameter of a bacterial cell is 2.0x10-7m. Calculate how many times larger the liver cell is than the bacterial cell. I need help with all A, B, and C.....please help
Answer: 125 times larger
Explanation:
Liver cell: 2.5x10-5m
Bacterial cell: 2.0x10-7m
(2.5x10^(-5)) / (2.0x10^(-7))=
2.5/2.0 * 10^(-5)/10^(-7)=
5/4 * 10^(-5-(-7))=
5/4 * 10^(-5+7)=
5/4 * 10^2=
100 * 5/4=
500/4=125 times larger
(q004) which subfield of biological anthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past?
Paleoanthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past.
What is Paleoanthropology?
Paleoanthropology, also known as paleo-anthropology, aims to comprehend the earliest stages of anatomically modern humans, also known as hominization, by reconstructing evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae using biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, and footprints) (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).A single field combines the study of primatology, palaeontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology.As science and methodology advance, genetics is becoming increasingly significant, particularly when it comes to analysing and contrasting DNA structure as a vital tool for determining the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.To learn more about palaeontology, refer to the following link:
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Other joints consist of bone ends held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. these are classified as ____________ joints, which are amphiarthrotic or ____________ joints.
Other joints consist of bone ends held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These are classified as cartilaginous joints, which are amphiarthrotic or slightly movable joints.
A cartilaginous joint is formed when two bones are joined together by cartilage, a rigid but somewhat flexible form of connective tissue. These joints do not have a cavity and are made up of bones connected around each other by either fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.
Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints. Amphiarthrosis is the singular form. The bones in this joint are held together by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. The costal cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum are slightly movable joints attached by hyaline cartilage.
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Question 7 of 10
Society has changed its view on the widespread use of DDT since the 1950s.
Which statement best describes what caused this change?
OA. Government funding for DDT use was reduced.
B. Engineers developed ways to make pesticides that were less
expensive.
C. Society was no longer worried about mosquito-borne illnesses.
D. Scientific research showed negative impacts of DDT on the
environment.
Option D Scientific research showed negative impacts of DDT on the
environment is the correct answer of the given statement.
What are the effects of DDT?DDT exposure at low ambient concentrations may have unclear consequences on human health. Human symptoms after exposure to large levels may include nausea, tremors or shakiness, and seizures. The liver and reproductive were affected, according to laboratory animal research. DDT is thought to be a potential human carcinogen.
What is DDT and why was it banned?DDT, often known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a pesticide used in farming. DDT usage was outlawed in the US in 1972. DDT is still used in several non-American nations to keep mosquitoes that cause malaria at bay.
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The outer covering of gram-negative bacteria contains ______, a complex of carbohydrate and lipid responsible for symptoms such as fever and shock.
Lipopolysaccharide, a compound of carbohydrate and lipid responsible for symptoms including fever and shock, is found in the outer layer of gram-negative bacteria.
What traits do Gram-negative bacteria have?
The following traits apply to gram-negative bacteria:
Without an outer covering, the cell wall is very thin.Lipids make up a large portion of the sample.All different kinds of amino acids are present.There is less muramic acid in the mixture.Streptomycin causes sensitivity in it.Teichoic acid and magnesium ribonucleate are not present.What kind of bacteria fall under the gram-negative category?As well as many other uncommon bacteria, gram-negative infections can be brought on by Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli.Gram-negative bacteria that are frequently isolated include Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Providencia, Escherichia, Morganella, Aeromonas, and Citrobacter.learn more about gram-negative bacteria here
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One function of glial cells is to:____.
a. control heartbeat and breathing.
b. mimic the effects of neurotransmitters.
c.provide nutrients to interneurons.
d. stimulate the production of hormones.
One function of glial cells is to (c) provide nutrients to interneurons.
Glial cells are the non-nerve cells present in the CNA and the PNS. Their function is to physical and metabolic provide support to the nerve cells. There are four types of glial cells: (a) microglia, (b) astrocytes, (c) oligodendrocytes, and (d) their progenitors NG2-glia.
Interneurons are the neurons that convey signal from one neuron to another. They are in between the spinal motor and the sensory neurons. Majority of the neurons in the body are interneurons. The interneurons release neurotransmitters like glutamate or GABA, that regulate the nerve impulses.
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Glycolysis and the krebs cycle do not capture all of the potential energy in a glucose molecule because:________
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
A total of 2 ATP is produced during the glycolysis process, which converts glucose into pyruvate and energy (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). Phophorylation is made possible by the hydroxyl groups. Glucose 6-phosphate is the specific kind of glucose that is employed in glycolysis.
The Krebs cycle is correlated with glycolysis, which is the mechanism by which a six-carbon glucose molecule is divided into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The cycle processes happen twice for every respired glucose molecule because two pyruvic acid molecules are created. Krebs Cycle: This aerobic activity happens inside the cell's mitochondria.
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The laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having:_________
a. a divergent big toe.
b. elongated toes.
c. a flat foot.
d. a rounded heel.
Option(a)a divergent big toe is the correct answer.
The laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having a divergent big toe.
What makes Australopithecus afarensis unique?One of the most well-known and longest-living early human species is Australopithecus afarensis; more than 300 of its remains have been found by paleoanthropologists.What caused the extinction of Australopithecus afarensis?During glacial maximum, droughts may have become more severe, which may have contributed to the strong australopithecines' extinction. Although Australopithecus africanus may have survived until the time of the formation of Homo, which occurred at around 2.4 Ma, there is evidence that it did so up to about 2.3 Ma (Delson, 1988).Do Australopithecus still exist?An extinct species of australopithecine known as Australopithecus afarensis flourished in the Pliocene of East Africa between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago (mya). The first fossils were found in the 1930s, but significant fossil discoveries weren't made until the 1970s.
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Sesamoid bones are small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear and tear.
A. true
B. false
Small bones called sesamoid bones form in tendons as a form of wear and strain resistance. false
What is a sesamoid bone?
A sesamoid bone is a tiny bone that is frequently seen embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces. These bones act as pulleys to relieve stress on the specific muscle or tendon they are located within.
False as sesamoid bone is a pulley to alleviate stress on the tendon its connected to. It doesn't provide any sort of protection.
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Starting with fructose 6-phosphate and proceeding to pyruvate, what is the net yield of atp molecules?
Net yield of ATP starting with Glucose-6-phosphate is 3 ATP molecules.
The steps to the solution are as follows :
Step 1.
Fructose-6-phosphate is formed from glucose-6-phosphate.
Step 2.
Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. One ATP molecule is used in this step.
Step 3.
Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate is converted into one molecule of each of three carbon compounds: dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Step 4.
2 glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte molecules are converted into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-biphosphoglycerate molecules.
Step 5.
One molecule of 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate is converted into three molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate, yielding two molecules of 3-phosphoglycetare. This step required two ATP molecules, one for each molecule of 1, 3-biphophoglycerate converted.
Step 6.
Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycetare is converted to 2-phosphoglycetare, resulting in the formation of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate.
Step 7.
Each 2-phosphoglycerate molecule is converted into phosphoenol pyruvate.
Step 8.
Each phosphoenol pyruvate molecule is converted into pyruvate by producing one ATP molecule. As a result, two pyruvate molecules are formed, as well as two ATP molecules.
As a result, the net yield of ATP from glucose-6-phosphate to pyruvate is;
The number of ATP molecules used = 1 (during the step of converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-biphosphate.
No. of ATP molecules formed = 4 (2 ATP molecules formed during the step of converting 1, 3-biphophoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate and 2 ATP molecules formed during the step of converting phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate).
As a result, the net yield of ATP is equal to 3.
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Question 1 of 10
A city planner is trying to increase the number of green spaces in a city.
Which model would best represent the complex interactions in the city?
OA. A conceptual model comparing the role of the city's streets to the
role of veins and arteries in a body
OB. A map labeled with the names of existing buildings, streets, and
other structures
C. A scale model of the city, including roads, buildings, and empty
lots
D. A computer model predicting future population changes in the city
SUBMIT
When a city planner is trying to increase the number of green spaces in a city, the model that would best represent the complex interactions in the city is C. A scale model of the city, including roads, buildings, and empty lots.
What is green space?Urban green space, in land-use planning, refers to open areas set aside for parks and other "green spaces," including plant life, water features, and other types of natural environment. Although there are occasionally other types of open areas, green spaces make up the majority of urban open spaces.
In this case, when a city planner is trying to increase the number of green spaces in a city, the model that would best represent the complex interactions in the city is a scale model of the city, including roads, buildings, and empty lots.
In conclusion, the correct option is C.
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Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?
a. stratum granulosum
b. stratum basale
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum spinosum
Stratum basale supplies the highest levels of oxygen from the blood.
What are the layers of the epidermis?Four layers of the epidermis : stratum basale , stratum spinosum , stratum granulsum , stratum corneum . There exist a thin layer of translucent cells in thick epidermis called stratum lucidum. It represents a transition from SG and SC and is not usually seen in the epidermis.
Stratum basle is the deepest layer of the epidermis located between the stratum spinosum and dermis. This layer receives the highest nourishment from the blood which supports the activity of stem Cells.
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When our bodies overcome the offensive tactics of a particular microorganism, this is referred to as? a) therapy. b) colonization. c) disease. d) resistance. e) deficiency.
When our bodies overcome the offensive tactics of a particular microorganism, this is referred to as resistance.
Tolerance is defined as the capacity to limit the health effects brought on by a particular pathogen burden,
whereas resistance is defined as the capacity to restrict pathogen burden. The total of these two defence mechanisms determines a host's level of defence.
The immune response status is correlated with the onset of host-pathogen interactions, variations and exposure to host attackers, the length and intensity of the body's initiated response, and the underlying mechanisms in developing resistance to specific invaders, which would otherwise pose a serious threat to life expectancy and survival.
It is thought that altering cellular programming has enormous potential as a therapeutic tool and as a new treatment strategy.
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The total amount of energy converted by photosynthetic organisms minus the energy used in their own metabolic activities is:________
The total amount of energy converted by photosynthetic organisms minus the energy used in their own metabolic activities is Net primary productivity.
What is net primary productivity?The difference between the quantity of carbon produced through photosynthesis and the amount of energy consumed for respiration is the amount of carbon retained in an ecosystem (increase in biomass) Source. The pace at which all plants in an ecosystem create net usable chemical energy is known as net primary productivity (NPP). Gross primary productivity (GPP) measures how much biomass is saved and collected by primary producers for energy conservation. NPP is the distinction between cellular respiration and GPP.
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Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane?
The characteristic of a phospholipid that contributes to the fluidity of the membrane is the unsaturation of lipids.
Phospholipid is the most common type of lipid present in the plasma membrane. It contains the phosphate group in its polar head. The phospholipids that are present in the membrane are: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin.
Unsaturation of lipids is the presence of double bonds in the fatty acid chain. One of the fatty acid chain is unsaturated while the other is saturated. This gives a kink in the lipid structure. This kink prevents the tight packing of the lipid in the plasma membrane, thereby contributing in its fluidity.
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The observable expression of one's genetic makeup is referred to as his or her _________.
A promoter that affects only genes that are on the same piece of dna is referred to as a(n) _____-acting promoter.
A promoter that affects only genes that are on the same piece of DNA is referred to as a cis acting promoter.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix, contains the genetic material required for the growth, development, and reproduction of all recognized organisms as well as a number of viruses. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and DNA are examples of nucleic acids. Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules required for all known forms of life.
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Why would henry's eating and sleeping patterns inform the doctor about his peripheral nervous system?
1. Remember the peripheral nervous system branch Parasympathetic is involved in functions such as "rest and digest".
2. Cranial and spinal nerve sensory input-->is the infant successfully sleeping or drowsing following food intake?--> Mostly cranial nerve motor output
3. Yes-->all of the above is normal
4. No--> Any of the above could be malfunctioning
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Parts of the nervous system that are not located in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nerves, neuromuscular connections, spinal nerves, their roots, and branches are all included. Although the anterior horn cells are officially a component of the central nervous system (CNS), because they are a part of the motor unit, they are occasionally addressed with the peripheral nervous system.
Axons, or bundles of nerve fibers, carry information to and from the central nervous system through the peripheral nervous system. The portion of the nervous system responsible for innervating involuntary bodily parts like the heart, smooth muscles, and glands is known as the autonomic nervous system.
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If there is an asymmetric charge distribution on a molecule creating a positively charged sector and a negatively charged sector, the type of molecule resulting would be ________.
If there is an asymmetric charge distribution on a molecule creating a positively charged sector and a negatively charged sector, the type of molecule resulting would be polar.
What is asymmetric charge distribution?Asymmetric charge distribution may be defined as a type of dissemination of charges between the molecules of compounds in an irregular pattern or at unequal frequencies.
The characteristic of polar molecules is that they occupy a charge on one side of the molecule. These molecules possess a region of partial charge. One side of these molecules is slightly positive and one side of the molecule is slightly negative.
Therefore, the polar molecules occupy an asymmetric charge distribution on a molecule creating a positively charged sector and a negatively charged sector.
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The _____ gland releases many different hormones, some of which may affect other glands.
The pituitary gland releases many different hormones, some of which may affect other glands.
What is pituitary gland?Pituitary gland is also known as master gland as it produces large number of hormones that are essential for the body.
Hormones are defined as chemical substances that function as a messenger molecules in the body. Hormones are produced in a particular part of the body and later travelled to the other parts of the body.
Testosterone is a hormone which is responsible for physical relationships and playa a vital role in body. In men it plays a vital role in fat distribution, muscle mass and in the production of sperm as well as red blood cell.
Therefore, The pituitary gland releases many different hormones, some of which may affect other glands.
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Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? lysosome chloroplast ribosome golgi apparatus plasmodesma
Lysosome organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion.
What is intracellular digestion?To function, all living things need energy. Cells must not only take molecules from their surroundings but also disassemble them in order to get energy from their external environment. Internal digestion is the term for this process.
Intracellular digestion refers to the process of food digestion that occurs directly inside the cells. Species with only one cell, such as amoebas, experience it.
When food is digested intracellularly, food components are broken down into smaller molecules inside of the cell's food vacuoles. When food is broken down into small molecules through extracellular digestion, it happens outside of the cell, either on decomposing organic matter or in the alimentary canal lumen.
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What is the correct level of organization fro living things from least to greatest?
The levels are: molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere, in that order.
• The atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organismal, group, population, community, ecosystem, landscape, and biosphere levels are typical levels of organization that is discussed in the literature.
• It is helpful to think of the bodily structures in terms of fundamental organizational tiers that rise in complexity, such as chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and an organism (from smallest to largest).
• The ability to reproduce, grow and develop, use energy, maintain homeostasis, react to their environment, and be adaptable are all characteristics shared by all living creatures.
• All of these qualities will be present in living creatures.
• The first and most basic level of organization is the cellular level. A cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest unit capable of reproduction.
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During fetal development the primary site(s) of red blood cell production is/are?
The yolk sac is the primary site for the production of red blood cells in the first 6 to eight weeks of gestation.
What is the yolk sac?The yolk sac is a tiny, external, membrane organ that serves a number of purposes during embryonic development. It connects to the growing embryo ventrally by the yolk stalk. The terms vitelline duct and omphalomesenteric duct are interchangeable when referring to the yolk stalk.
The midgut, an early ancestor of the gastrointestinal system, is connected to the yolk sac by the yolk stalk. The yolk sac and midgut are both endodermal organs. Several crucial biological processes, such as the development of germ cells and early hematopoiesis, are carried out by the yolk sac in the early stages of pregnancy. Clinically, the yolk sac acts as a strong sonographic indicator of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes.
Therefore, the yolk sac is the primary site for RBC production during gestation.
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Why does the cycle that occurs during the AIDS stage of HIV infection cause increasingly severe symptoms?
Answer:
The three stages of HIV infection are (1) acute HIV infection, (2) chronic HIV infection, and (3) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
A ________ is one whose expression is influenced by some environmental condition.
A conditional mutant is one whose expression is influenced by some environmental condition.
a phenotype whose expression is influenced by the environmental conditions are called as conditional mutant.
the response to the environment may vary from wild type to normal phenotype to mutant phenotype.
In most of the cases light temperature or presence of certain chemicals can cause conditional mutation.
There are certain conditions called as restrictive condition under which the mutant phenotype will occur while in permissive condition normal phenotype will occur.
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Plant A is receiving sunlight , soil, and regular water, plant B is also receiving sunlight, soil, and regular water. Yet Plant B is ALSO getting fertilizer. Write a hypothesis of what will happen to the plants as they grow over the next few weeks. Hypothesis
A hypothesis expresses clearly the relationship between two variables and what is expected to occur. If plants receive fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants that do not receive fertilizer.
What is a hypothesis?
When following the scientific methodology, researchers must formulate a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a possibility, not a fact. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis must,
be clear and comprehensive.express the direct relationship between the involved variables.be objective.be testeable and falsifiableThere are different kinds of hypotheses: descriptive, correlative, differentiative, or causative.
In the exposed example we have
plants A and B exposed to the same environmental conditions ⇒ sunlight , soil, and water.plant B receiving fertilizerThe variables are,
Controlled variables: sunlight , soil, and regular waterIndependent variable: fertilizer presence/absenceDependent variable: plant growthThe hypothesis must explain the relationship of the dependent and independent variables as a cause and effect event. So,
If plants receive fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants that do not receive fertilizer.
There are several ways in which you can propose a hypothesis like this one. You just need to make sure both variables are mentioned and what the effect of the independent on the dependent variable is.
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Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells?
The letter indicating the integument layer is A.
What are squamous cells?
Squamous cells has been described as thin, flat cells that look like fish scales, and are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
Squamous cells usually have protective functions in the epithelial tissue layers where they are found. They protect the layer of cells below from microorganisms invasion as well as prevent water loss.
Squamous cells also play important roles ingaseous exchange in the lungs and waste and nutrients exchange in the digestive tract.
From the diagram given in your question, the letter indicating the integument layer is letter A.
Squamous cells look like fish scales when see under a microscopic eye.
In conclusion, Squamous cells are flat cells and are found in the epidermis. The Squamous cells shed as new ones form.
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