Long polypeptide chains can fold or coil to create secondary structure. By means of hydrogen bonds, these secondary structures are created and kept in place. There are two different kinds of secondary structures:
(i) Helix: The chain is spirally wound in this shape, usually with the right hand. The carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the amino group of the following fourth amino acid form a hydrogen bond, which stabilises the helix.
(ii) Pleated sheets – In this, an intermolecular hydrogen bond is used to connect two or more chains.
What is Protein ?An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. All living things contain proteins, which are the building blocks of numerous vital biological substances like enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
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Sugars pass from cell to cell in the leaf starting in the _______ of the mesophyll; they move through the _______ of other cells and finally pass into the _______ of the sieve tube element
Sugars pass from cell to cell in the leaf starting in the symplast of the mesophyll; they move through the symplast or apoplast of other cells and finally pass into the symplast of the sieve tube element
In symplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cytoplasm of the cell and pass on to the other cell through the plasmodesmata.
In apoplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cell wall and intercellular spaces and does not cross the cell membrane.
When the sugar are synthesized by the leaves first it will move through the symplast of the mesophyll cells. Then sugar will be travelling either through symplastic or apoplastic pathway in other cells and pass through the sieve tube elements in symplastic pathway
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The condition known as _____ is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
The condition known as cyanosis is generally caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
Cyanosis is a medical condition that is responsible for imparting a blue color to the skin as well as the mucous membranes. Peripheral cyanosis basically affects the hands as well as feet. It causes blue fingernails which indicate the low level or absence of oxygen in the red blood cells.
However, a cold temperature can also lead to blue fingernails in an individual but it should not be considered an abnormal condition. Blue fingernails due to cold temperatures is a usual reaction of the body so as to maintain the optimal temperature of internal organs.
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What might be a likely outcome if a mutation occurred in a promoter region of a gene, such that it were no longer recognized by rna polymerase?
The cell would not be able to produce any proteins if a mutation occured in a promoter region of a gene ,such that it was no longer recognized by RNA polymerase.
What is mutation and its cause ?A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutation can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division ,exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Mutation result either from accident during the normal chemical transaction of DNA ,often during replication or from exposure to high energy radiation.
Mutation in the the promoter resulted in a change in DNA binding pattern of the AP-2 transpiration factor.
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A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components except? ribosomes. flagella. a nucleus. a cell wall. a cell membrane.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cell is a primitive cell and has limited functions. Thus, nucleus is the correct answer.
What are prokaryotes?Prokaryotes are the oldest inhabitants on the earth. They are single cell structures.
Prokaryotic cells (karyon = nucleus) are not well equipped with the cellular structures. They lack nucleus and the nuclear membrane. The other membrane bound organelles are also absent in prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes contain cilia or flagella as locomotory organs. Cytoskeleton is absent in prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes can thrive in the extreme conditions. They can respire anaerobically or can even withstand high temperatures.
Bacteria are considered as prokaryotes. Bacteria dominate the earth and are of various types based on their shape, function etc.
The other examples of prokaryotes include blue-green algae and mycoplasma.
Prokaryotes reproduces without the fusion of gametes. It forms spores or employs other methods of somatic reproduction.
Therefore, prokaryotes, though being the oldest are important for the ecosystem.
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Briefly explain the overall processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
The strong force holds the protons of an atom together
true
false
Stabilization of the unique coiled structure of an alpha helix in a protein is mostly attributed to.
Answer: Hydrogen bond from the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid to the amino group of second amino acid.
Explanation:
Stimulants have the capability to reduce functional activity of the nervous system.
a. true
b. false
Correct answer is B. False, Stimulants are unable to decrease the nervous system's functional activity.
How do stimulants work?A group of psychotropic substances known as stimulants raises brain activity. These substances can transiently improve mood, consciousness, and alertness. Many people utilize legal stimulant medications. Many stimulants have an addictive potential. Although there are many similarities across stimulants, they all have different characteristics and modes of action.
Stimulants at therapeutic doses, such those given to ADHD patients, boost vitality, sociability, libido, and mood-elevating potential. However, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, stimulants taken in greater dosages may actually make it harder to concentrate. Stimulants may also result in exhilaration, vitality, and a reduced desire for sleep when taken in greater amounts. Many stimulants, but not all of them, have ergogenic effects.
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FALSE, Stimulants don't have the capability to reduce functional activity of the nervous system.
What are Stimulants?
Stimulants are a category of psychoactive drugs that increases activity in the brain. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood, and awareness. Some stimulant drugs are legal and widely used. Many stimulants also can be addicting.
Stimulants share many commonalities, but each has unique properties and mechanisms of action.
Does stimulant cause heart attacks?
But increasingly, stimulants are being prescribed to older adults. New research suggests they'll cause a short-term spike in the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiac rhythm disorders (arrhythmias).
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Approximately what percentage of all osteopaths practice in primary care areas?
Approximately 65% percentage of all osteopaths practice in primary care areas.
The definition of osteopathyOsteopathic medicine is a system of medical care that emphasizes a holistic and all-encompassing approach to patient care and makes use of manipulating the musculoskeletal system in addition to other therapeutic techniques (such the use of medications or surgery) to prevent and treat disease.How does an osteopath practice?In order to aid the body in healing itself, an osteopath strives to return the joint's normal function and stability. They employ both mild and strong methods to treat your body with their hands in a variety of ways. Depending on the patient as a whole and the symptoms they have described, several techniques are selected.To learn more about osteopathy visit:
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Predict what type of epithelial tissue would be found in an organ that needs to prevent water loss.
Answer:
stratified squamous epithelium
Explanation:
Functions include protection against microorganisms and protection against water loss
For adequate function, cells must have an adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and?
For adequate function, cells must have an adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and water.
Each cell in the body requires adenosine triphosphate as an energy source. Cells require oxygen in order to carry out the process of cellular respiration. Through this process, glucose and oxygen are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.
Cells also require water for adequate functioning. Water plays an important role in many of the major functions of the body. It is due to water that a cell has the potential to transport materials into and out of a cell.
Almost all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body require water. Water is also required for the excretion of waste from the body in the form of urine. Water also plays a major role in temperature regulation of the body.
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Substances or mixtures of substances known as buffers, act in living things to resist changes in ______. multiple choice question.
Answer:
pH
Explanation:
Substances can act as a buffer to resist changes in pH when something more acidic or basic is added
Substances or mixtures of substances known as buffers, act in living things to resist changes in pH.
What are the uses of pH?pH is an important quantity that reflects the chemical conditions of a solution. The pH can control the availability of nutrients, biological functions, microbial activity, and the behavior of chemicals.
If the pH of their body or their environment fluctuates too much the organism can die. This is particularly true for human beings. For example, blood is normally slightly basic, with a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45.
Different organs function at their optimal level of pH. For example, the enzyme pepsin requires low pH to act and break down food, while the enzymes in intestine require high pH or alkaline environment to function.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA, the RNA would not be made.
Transcription can be defined as a process through which mRNA transcripts are made from the DNA. These mRNA transcripts form the proteins by translation.
For the transcription to start, an RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to a specific site known as the promoter sequence for a particular DNA segment. Other than the RNA polymerase, transcription factors that are necessary for transcription also recognize and bind to this site.
If a change in the promoter sequence is made, then the RNA polymerase will not be able to recognize and bind the promoter sequence. As a result, transcription will not initiate. Hence, no mRNA will be formed.
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Peaceful children elicit warmth from others whereas argumentative children provoke hostility from others. these experiences demonstrate ______________ genetic-environment relations.
Evocative
Peaceful children elicit warmth from others whereas argumentative children provoke hostility from others. these experiences demonstrate evocative genetic-environment relations.
What is evocative genetic-environment relations?Genotype-environment correlations known as evocative (or reactive) describe the relationship between a person's genetically determined behavior and other people's responses to that behavior.What connection exists between genes and the environment?According to science, how genes and environment interact affects how people develop. Research dispels the myth that genes are "cast in stone," demonstrating that early experiences can affect which genes are expressed, how they are expressed, and even whether they are expressed at all.Why is it crucial that genes and environments interact?In order to increase accuracy and precision in the evaluation of both genetic and environmental factors, it is crucial to examine how genes and the environment interact. Public health benefits from understanding gene-environment interactions are significant.To learn more about genetic-environment relation visit:
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In many cases, even after a consultation, patients become truly alarmed by the symptoms and thus delay taking recommended treatments and tests etc. to _____.
avoid thinking about the illness
In many cases, even after a consultation, patients become truly alarmed by the symptoms and thus delay taking recommended treatments and tests etc. to avoid thinking about the illness
What does treatment delay mean?When a patient doesn't receive the prescribed treatment within the expected time frame, regardless of whether it's a drug, lab test, physical therapy, or another type of treatment, there has been a delay in care.Why do people hesitate to seek medical attention?The most frequent explanation given by individuals who delayed seeking medical care was financial concerns (59%), followed by an unclear reason (22%), an inability to schedule an appointment on time (16%), and a lack of transportation (10%).What are the effects of postponing treatment?Conditions becoming worse. Medical issues may get worse if treatment is put off. If your health issue isn't serious or life-threatening, temporarily postponing surgery might not seem like a big concern. However, tiny issues can swiftly worsen if they aren't appropriately addressed in a timely manner.To lean more about treatment delay visit:
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In the stomach, food processing continues and secretions from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of:________
Food processing continues in the stomach, and stomach gland secretions help with the initial breakdown of proteins.
Define digestion:In order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma, large, insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion. These tiny molecules enter the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms.
What makes digestion important?Food must be digested in order to be broken down into nutrients that the body may use for energy, development, and cell repair. Before being absorbed by the blood and transported to the cells throughout the body, nutrients from food and drink must first be broken down into smaller molecules.
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Calculation of the amount of oxygen entering the blood per breath after running
12 breaths are taken on average each minute. The volume of air inhaled with each typical breath is known as tidal volume (TV).
Your body needs more oxygen and creates more carbon dioxide while you exercise because your muscles are working harder. Your breathing must rise from about 15 times per minute (12 liters of air) at rest to between 40 and 60 times per minute (100 liters of air) during exercise in order to meet this additional demand.Additionally, your circulation quickens to ensure that the muscles have enough oxygen to continue working.The heart and lungs, two of the body's major organs, work hard while you exercise. The lungs both supply the body with oxygen, which gives you energy, and eliminate carbon dioxide, which is a waste product produced when you make energy.Therefore, breathing rate increases after exercise.
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Temperate climates are not usually conducive to organic preservation at archaeological sites because of?
Temperate climates are not usually conducive to organic preservation at archaeological sites because of variable temperatures and fluctuating precipitation
What is Climate ?The long-term pattern of the weather in a place is called the climate. Hour by hour, day by day, month by month, or even year by year, the weather might change. A region's climate is determined by its weather patterns, which are typically monitored for at least 30 years.
The average of the weather is the climate. As an illustration, you can anticipate snow in the Northeast in January or hot and muggy weather in the Southeast in July. Climate is this. Extreme values, such as record-breaking high temperatures or heavy rainfall, are also part of the climatic record.Learn more about Climate here:
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PLEASE HELP!
Do you get any energy from the cellulose in the uncooked vegetables you eat? Why/why not?
Answer:
No, we don't get any energy from the cellulose in the uncooked vegetables you eat.
Explanation:
Cellulose contains just as much energy as starch because both molecules consist of glucose subunits. It is only possible to use that energy by burning or cooking and other cellulose materials.
Wgat structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific fuctions in plans and animals called:_________
Organs are the structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.
Organs are the structures made up of similar types of tissues, These work in coordination to perform a similar type of function. The heart, kidney, lungs, stomach are all examples of organs. These are differentiated structures that perform a specific task.
Tissues are the mass of cells that are of similar type. The differentiated cells combine together to form a tissue. These cells also work in coordination so that the tissue can perform a certain type of function. Tissues can be plant tissue or animal tissue depending upon whether they have plant cell or animal cell.
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Under a microscope, gram-positive bacteria (when dyed with the gram stain) appear _____.
Under a microscope, gram-positive bacteria (when dyed with the gram stain) appear in purple-colored structures due to the peptidoglycan cell wall.
What are gram-positive bacteria?Gram-positive bacteria are microorganisms (bacteria) that may be colored with crystal violet stain due to the presence of a peptidoglycan-based cell wall.
In conclusion, under a microscope, gram-positive bacteria (when dyed with the gram stain) appear purple-colored structures due to the peptidoglycan cell wall.
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Name the three distinct parts of the trapezius muscle in the cat. what nerve innervates this muscle in the human?
coracotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius the three distinct parts of the trapezius muscle in the cat
accessory nerve innervates this muscle in the human
Is the brachial plexus responsible for trapezius innervation?With the exception of the trapezius muscle, which is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), and a patch of skin close to the axilla, which is innervated by the intercostobrachial nerve, the whole upper limb is innervated by the brachial plexus.
The trapezius group and the deltoid group are the two main muscle groups of the cat's back and shoulder. The clavotrapezius inserts on the clavicle after emerging from the middorsal line of the neck and the rear of the head.
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A post office receives lots of incoming mail, organizes it, and then sends it out to various locations. which part of the brain is a lot like a post office?
The thalamus is the part of the brain that is a lot like a post office.
What is the thalamus?Thalamus may be defined as an egg-shaped structure in the middle part of your brain. The thalamus is significantly composed of numerous nuclei that each function in a unique role ranging from relaying sensory and motor signals, as well as, regulating consciousness and alertness.
Due to high and lot of nerve and electrical impulses throughout the involves this important region or part of the brain. It creates heavy traffic in this area.
Due to receiving lots of incoming signals, organizing them, and then sending them out to various locations of the body, this part of the brain is known as the post office.
Therefore, the thalamus is the part of the brain that is a lot like a post office.
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Actionable information about malicious actors as well as their tools, infrastructure, and methods is called _______________.
Actionable information about malicious actors as well as their tools, infrastructure, and methods is referred to as a script kiddie.
What is Script kiddie?This is refers ti a individual who is unskilled and uses tools and infrastructures which are developed by others to attack computer systems and networks.
These tools include different types of scripts and programs and they are also used in attacking websites so as to obtain vital and valuable information needed for various purposes. This individual is usually relatively inexperienced in this sort of dealings which is why he/she is referred to as a script kiddie.
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Epithelial cells that line the small intestine transport nutrients into the body. directional transport is associated with the epithelial tissue property of:_______-
The small intestine's epithelial cells carry nutrients into the body. The polarity of the epithelial tissue is related to directional transport.
What is the purpose of the intestine?Food digestion is its primary function. However, the gut serves a crucial function in fighting pathogens and maintaining the body's water balance in addition to producing a number of compounds that transmit messages to other regions of the body.
What organelles make up the intestine?Although the large intestine is one continuous tube, different processes take place in various portions of it. The colon, rectum, and anus are its three component sections. Partitioning is also possible for the colon. The six-inch-long entrance point is known as the cecum.
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Who discoverd the concept of density?
Answer: Archimedes
Explanation:
-Sketch the difference between animal cell and plant cell.
The perception of food by visual or taste senses causes the liberation of one hormone in the stomach, which one is that hormone?
The perception of food by visual or taste senses causes the liberation of one hormone in the stomach, which is gastrin hormone.
Hormones are the chemical messengers that are release by an organ or gland and their site if action is some other part of the body. Hormones regulate several processes of the body like regulating the physiological processes or maintaining homeostasis.
Gastrin hormone is secreted by the G-cells present in the lining of the stomach. It stimulates the stomach to secrete more of hydrochloric acid. It also promotes the growth of mucosa is the stomach. Gastrin is also known for regulating blood pressure.
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If the pedigree is for an autosomal recessive characteristic, which individuals are definitely heterozygous?
Pedigrees are tools used to track a gene or a phenotype through several generations of a family's history. Option C is correct. I-1, I-2, II-4, II-5, III-1
What is a pedigree?A Pedigree is a tool used to represent a family's history and to trace a feature in the family.
It is used to track a trait through generations, and analyze the inheritance pattern of a particular gene and its expression.
It is used to understand how genes are transmitted from the parental generation to the descendants, and what are the probabilities of inheriting them.
Pedigree interpretation,
Family members→ Individuals are represented with geometrical figures.
→ Males are squares
→ Females are circles
Trait/Phenotype→ Healthy/normal/not affected individuals are represented with empty figures
→ Affected/mutated individuals are represented with solid black figures
Generations→ Each file is represented with a roman number, indicating the Generation.
To analyze this example, we will assume the feature is coded by a diallelic gene that expresses complete dominance.
A is the dominant allele ⇒ codes for normal phenotypea is the recessive allele ⇒ codes for an afectionAA ⇒ homozygous dominant individuals ⇒ normal
Aa ⇒ heterozygous indidivuals ⇒ normal
aa ⇒ homozygous recessive individuals ⇒ afected
Individuals with heterozygous genotype are
I-1 and I-2II-4 and II-5III-1
Option C is correct. I-1, I-2, II-4, II-5, III-1
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Complete question (image in the attached files)
If the pedigree is for an autosomal recessive characteristic, which individuals are definitely heterozygous?
a) I-1, I-2, II-2, II-4 and II-5
b) I-1, I-2, I-4, III-1
c) I-1, I-2, II-4, II-5, III-1
d) II-2, II-4, II-5, II-3
e) II-2, II-4, II-5, III-1
A heritability coefficient of ____ means about 50 percent of the difference between people on a specific characteristic is the result of heredity.
A heritability coefficient of 0.5 means about 50 percent of the difference between people on a specific characteristic is the result of heredity.
Heritability coefficient tells about how the differences in genes of people accounts for their phenotypic differences. It is represented as H² . The formula for calculation of Heritability coefficient is H² = Var(G) / Var(P), where Var(G) is the variance in genotype and Var(P) is the variance in phenotype. The values range from 0 to 1. If the value is 1, then phenotypic difference is due to genetic differences. And if the value is 0 then phenotypic differences are due to environmental factors.
Heredity is the passing on of the traits from one generation to another. An offspring receives half of its genes from the mother and half from the father.
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