In addition to being surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue known as perirenal fat that helps to protect it, each kidney is held in place by connective tissue known as renal fascia."
The control of the body's overall energy homeostasis involves the adipose tissue, a key metabolic organ. The white adipose tissue serves as a vital energy source for other organs, but the brown adipose tissue stores lipids for cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis." White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which may be seen distinguished depending on tissue color, have historically been considered two different forms of adipose tissue. These depots' white and brown adipocytes display physiological variances that give birth to distinct tissue functions. The primary function is to store energy, but it also protects the body from cold and heat, cushions sensitive organs, and secretes hormones and biological substances. Brown adipose tissue, on the other hand, is primarily found in fetuses and newborns.
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Sexually reproducing organisms produce ____________ gametes when ____________ cells undergo meiosis.
Answer:
haploid gametes and germ cells
Which type of molecule never contains a phosphate group? group of answer choices
Phosphate group is not a part of triglycerides.
What is phosphate?
An anion, salt, functional group, or ester produced from phosphoric acid is referred to as a phosphate in chemistry. Most frequently, it refers to orthophosphate, a product of orthophosphoric acid H3PO4. Its formula is PO₄³⁻.
Triglycerides don't contain phosphate group. They are a type of fats.
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The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger? difference threshold. sensory adaptation. selective inattention. priming. transduction.
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger is Selective inattention.
Selective inattention- Lack of conscious attention to certain physical or emotional stimuli. For example, concentrating on a single speaker during a party where many individuals are speaking.
Stimuli- A change in the internal or external environment is referred to as a stimulus. anything that affects or triggers a brief spike in physiological activity or reaction in the body as a whole or in any individual sections.
Physiological Activity- A field of biology that studies the procedures and endeavors that sustain life, or the actions and procedures used by a live entity or any of its components to operate.
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1. cats are the only host in which toxoplasma can sexually reproduce. therefore, cats are the _______ host for this protozoan.
Cats are the primary/definitive host for this protozoan.
There are different types of interactions between two species like mutualism, predation, parasitism, commensalism, etc.
Parasites are the organisms that live in/on another organism (host) and derive benefits like food and shelter from it.
The parasites usually harm the host, in some cases even causing their death.
Most of the parasites are species-specific. They can survive only inside the host of a particular species.
But some parasites require more than one host to complete their life cycle. Usually, in such cases, they reproduce asexually in one host and sexually in the other host/hosts.
The host in which they reproduce sexually is known as the primary/definitive host and the host in which they reproduce asexually is known as the secondary/intermediate host.
As the cats are the only host in which toxoplasma can sexually reproduce, therefore, cats are the primary/definitive host for this protozoan.
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most prokaryotic cells reside most prokaryotic cells reside in and on nonprokaryotic organisms (including humans and other animals). on earth's surface. in the oceanic and terrestrial subsurfaces. in lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Most prokaryotic cell reside in the oceanic and terrestrial sub surfaces. These prokaryotic organisms are single celled organism that does not have a nucleus like bacteria.
These organisms fed on the carbon compounds that is accumulating in earths early oceans. These organisms does not contains genetic material in nucleus. The DNA exists in the region of cell that is called as nucleoid.
These organisms have a rapid reproductive rate and also have a ability to survive harsh conditions.
Nucleoid is an irregular shaped region that is present in the prokaryotic cell and these contain genetic material.
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Which connective tissue is composed of many interwoven and randomly organized collagenous fibers?
Dense irregular connective tissue is composed of many interwoven and randomly organized collagenous fibers.
Connective tissue- Tissue that provides structure, support, and protection to other human tissues and organs. In addition to helping to transport nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, connective tissue also helps to store fat and mend damaged tissue. A gel-like material, fibers, and cells make up connective tissue.
Collagenous Fibers- Tropocollagen subunits, which make up collagen fibers, may be categorized into at least 30 distinct fiber types according to their -chain amino acid sequences. The presence of the hydrated matrix made up of GAGs and proteoglycans is what allows the ECM to endure compressive stresses.
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The part of a neuron that acts as a tiny antennae and conducts signals toward the axon of that cell is called the:________
Dendrites act as an antenna for conducting signals towards the axon of the neuron.
Neurons are also referred to as nerve cells. Parts of neurons are the axon, dendrites, cell body, cell membrane, synaptic knobs, and myelin sheath. Dendrites act as an antenna for conducting the signals toward the axon of the neuron. Dendrites are fibrous branch-like projects. New neurons are formed by the process called neurogenesis. There are a total of 86 billion neurons in our body.
There are two types of nerve cells- motor neurons and sensory neurons. Sensory neurons are also known as afferent neurons. They carry signals from the rest of the body to the control central brain or spinal cord. Motor neurons are also known as efferent neurons. They carry signals from the brain to the effect part.
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An electrode, which stimulates the brain in order to give pleasure is most likely placed in the?
An electrode, which stimulates the brain in order to give pleasure is most likely to be placed in the Medial forebrain bundle (MFB).
(MFB) electrically or chemically stimulates critical elements of the reward pathway, which are likewise triggered by natural rewards. Electrically stimulating particular areas of the hypothalamus causes responses like eating, drinking, or copulation that are associated with rewards.
Brain stimulation reward (BSR) is a pleasant phenomenon induced by the direct activation of particular brain areas. Targeted stimulation sets up response patterns that are similar to those set up by natural incentives like food and sex by activating the reward system circuitry.
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Approximately once in every _____ births, and infant is born with 45, 47, or even 48 or 49 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
An newborn is born with 45, 47, 48, or even 49 chromosomes instead of the typical 46 chromosomes approximately once every 166 births.
What Does It Mean When a Baby Is Born With an Extra Chromosome?
Pregnancy is a vulnerable time when your unborn child may be exposed to a number of illnesses. However, several anatomical anomalies that are typically harmful and can lead to difficulties in babies may be present in infants with additional chromosomes.
A human cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 of which are inherited from each parent. However, in some circumstances, either parent's chromosomes may have been added to or deleted from the growing fetus.
If you are unaware of this genetic phenomena and are interested in learning more, read this post to learn about the potential origins, illnesses, symptoms, and other details about extra chromosomes in newborns.
What Does It Mean When a Baby Is Born With an Extra Chromosome?
Genes are strung like beads along chromosomes, which are threadlike structures. The 47th chromosome in human cells is an additional chromosome. As a result, a child with an additional chromosome will have 23 pairs of chromosomes overall (one from the mother and two from the father or vice versa). Trisomy, which stands for "three bodies," is the term used to describe this disorder.
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What type of inheritance involves genes that segregate and assort independently?
Mendelian inheritance involves genes that segregate and assort independently.
Independent Assortment- According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are separately selected into gametes. In other words, an allele with one gene doesn't really affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.
Genes- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to kid. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosome in the cell nucleus.
DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate. This knowledge may be handed down from one generations to the next thanks to DNA molecules.
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In pollen development in flowering plants, a haploid microspore produced via meiosis.
Answer:
Undergoes mitosis to produce a 2 celled pollen grain
Explanation:
In cell biology, the process of mitosis, through which replicated chromosomes get divided into 2 new nuclei, is indeed a stage of the cell cycle. A mechanism of cell division creates genetically similar cells with a constant number of chromosomes is known as mitosis. Thus, the equational division is another name for mitosis. Generally, the S phase during interphase, which happens when DNA replication takes place, comes before mitosis. Telophase and also cytokinesis, which splits a cell's cytoplasm, and organelles, including cell membrane to form 2 new cells with nearly equal amounts of these biological components, frequently follow. The dividing of the mother cell producing 2 genetically similar daughter cells, or the mitotic (M) stage of the animal cell cycle, is defined by the several stages of mitosis taken collectively.
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Symbiotic microorganisms are normally present in which sites in the body? select all that apply.
In a healthy body, symbiotic microbes are present.
GutSkinGenital tractRespiratory systemWhere are symbiotic microorganisms found?
The tiniest known living things are microbes. They can be found everywhere, including in your body, on your keyboard, in your pillow, and in rivers, plants, animals, and tap water. A few microbes coexist with humans and reside inside our bodies. The majority of the microorganisms in the body are bacteria.
At least one of the creatures involved benefits frequently from this interaction. Symbiotic relationships can be classified into three primary categories: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Commensalism occurs when one organism gains an advantage while the other suffers no damage. When both creatures profit, this is mutualism.
Finally, parasitism occurs when one organism gains while the other suffers. Additionally, organisms can participate in several of these symbiotic partnerships at once.
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Which type(s) of bond(s) is (are) found between atoms within hydrocarbon molecules?
Answer:
hydrogen bondingcovalent boundingVander waals boundingmetallic boundingionic boyionic boundingMarshmallow heats over a fire
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Political strife, war, and suffering in a country tend to ___________ the rate of psychological disorders in the country.
The correct answer for this question is Increase.
Strikers reported worse levels of mental health and higher levels of irritability, anxiety, and sadness compared to non-strikers. Higher levels of union activity during the strike were linked to increased psychological well-being among strikers.
One of the most significant effects of war is how it affects the mental health of civilians. According to general population studies, the incidence and prevalence of mental diseases have clearly increased. Men suffer less than women. Other vulnerable populations include the elderly, the disabled, and children. Prevalence rates are related to the severity of the trauma and the availability of both physical and emotional assistance. Cultural and religious coping mechanisms are frequently used in developing countries.
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Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.
90 degrees would be the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid if there' no lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles.
The infraspinous fossa of the scapula is largely occupied by the thick, triangular infraspinatus muscle. It is a component of the rotator cuff, and the acronym "SITS" is frequently used to recall it (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis).
The glenohumeral joint, which supports the stability and motion of the shoulder joint, is formed by these muscles. The arm's whole range of motion is greatly influenced by the capacity to abduct the arm. The serratus anterior, deltoid, trapezius, and supraspinatus are the four muscles that are in charge of this motion.
Abductions of 15 to 90 degrees are controlled by the deltoid. The scapula, trapezius, and serratus anterior work in concert to permit abduction of the arm up to 90 degrees.
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Question correction:
Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.
75 degrees90 degrees180 degrees30 degreesThe pH of baking soda is 9, and the pH of an egg is 8. On a logarithmic scale, this means that
If the pH of baking soda is 9, and the pH of an egg is 8, then on a logarithmic scale, this means that the baking soda is ten times basic than the egg.
What is the significance of pH?The pH scale measures whether there is more hydronium or hydroxide ions in a solution. In other words, it tells us how basic or acidic the solution is.
A lower pH i.e. 1 - 6 means something is more acidic, also known as a stronger acid. A higher pH i.e. 8 - 14 means it is more alkaline or a stronger base.
On a logarithmic scale, The pH scale indicates that an increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration by a tenfold. For example, a pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4.
This means that if the pH of baking soda is 9, and the pH of an egg is 8, then on a logarithmic scale, this means that the baking soda is ten times basic than the egg.
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The enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that synthesizes atp is known as ________.
Answer:
ATP Synthase
Explanation:
The Cenozoic was a time of ?
The Cenozoic was a time of most recent era, an era of mountain boulding .
we are living in this era . Fossil and rock records are recorded and preserved. Humans first appeared in the Cenozoic Era.The Cenozoic era goes from 5 million years ago to presentThe Cenozoic is the time of the adaptive radiation of the mammals, dramatic cooling of the Earth's climate resulting in the ice age and evolution of humans.During the Cenozoic era the Americas were drifting westward in response to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean.The collision of the American plates with the Pacific Plate gave rise to the San Andreas Fault system system in California and Mexico.The collision also gave rise to the mountains along the western margin of the Americas,This orogenic and volcanic activity resulted in the formation of a land bridge between the Americas and what is now Central America.To know more about Cenozoic era visit :
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The region of the bacterial cell where the chromosome(s) is/are located, and where the chromosomes are in direct contact with the cytoplasm is called the?
The cytoplasm and the nucleoid are in proximity. Bacteria may contain many chromosomes, each contained within a distinct nucleoid region. It is a diploid nucleoid. The cytoplasm and the nucleoid are in proximity.
What is a nucleoid region?The cytoplasmic region known as the nucleoid is chromatin-dense and houses the bacterial DNA, related proteins, and RNA that regulate the activity and reproduction of the bacterium.
The prokaryotic cell's nucleoid, which is described as having a nucleus-like form, houses all or most of the genetic material. A prokaryote's circular chromosome must be compressed to fit, since its length is far greater than the size of the cell.
Therefore, nucleoid region of the bacterial cell where the chromosome(s) is/are located.
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The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.
a) indifferent
b) identical
c) parsimonious
d) unique
The correct option is (d) Unique
The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically Unique.
What is sexual reproduction?Parents in sexual reproduction are two. Parents create gametes, which are reproductive cells, during sexual reproduction, and the gametes combine to create an offspring. Haplotype cells make up gametes. This indicates that they only have half as many chromosomes as the organism's other cells. Meiosis, a sort of cell division that is used to create gametes, is covered in full in a notion that follows. Fertilization is the process of two gametes combining. A zygote is the term for the resulting fertilized cell. Since a zygote is a diploid cell, it has twice as many chromosomes as a gamete.
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Which instructions would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue?
The instructions that would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue is not holding infant.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition of over-activation of thyroid gland. It results in a over production thyroxine hormone.
Overproduction of the hormone can cause acceleration of the body metabolism leading to rapid weight loss. It can also cause other condition like irregular heart beat.
Radioactive iodine is treatment that is suggested for dealing with hyperthyroidism. It kills the targeted thyroid cells and do no harm to other body parts.
But it has other effects like neck tenderness, nausea, swollen salivary gland, etc.
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The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
The plasma membrane is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
The cell membrane or plasma membrane can be described as a selectively permeable membrane that allows the selective entry of materials into and out of a cell. All the organelles of a cell are enclosed in the plasma membrane and hence it separates the interior of a cell from the exterior.
For single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, nutrients are received by the cell through the plasma membrane and excretion of waste also occurs through the plasma membrane. The bacterial cell membrane is made up of phospholipids and usually, it encloses a food particle in it for absorption of food.
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In response to the presence of endotoxin, macrophages will secrete il-1 (interleukin-1). this causes?
In response to the presence of endotoxin, macrophages will secrete IL-1 (interleukin-1). this causes inflammatory responses.
Interleukin-1 is a regulator of inflammatory responses. it produced effects of innate immunity. In process of activating the immune system and protecting the organism from foreign invaders, the inflammatory responses are generated like fever, pain, swelling, etc.
Inflammatory responses are the reactions generated by the body when the immune system tries to protect the body. The various inflammatory responses are: pain, swelling, generation of heat on the affected area, or redness. This happens due to the accumulation pf various immune cells at the target site.
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Dna molecule consists of two strands of ______ held together in a ______ structure.
DNA molecule consists of two strands of nucleotides held together in a double helix structure. The double helix depicts the look of double-stranded DNA, which is made up of two linear strands that run anti-parallel to each other and twist together.
Each strand of DNA within the double helix is a long, linear molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides that link together to form a chain. The double-helix structure enables DNA replication and protein synthesis. The double helix unwinds during DNA replication, and each split strand is used to generate a new strand. Watson and Crick expanded on their views on genetic replication.
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The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
(D) in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously is the reason why the molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences.
The frequency of a molecular clock represents the quantity of alterations or mutations that have occurred in a lineage of organisms' DNA or protein sequences. It can be used to estimate the historical moment at when two lineages separated from one another.
However, modifications may occur more than once for a particular site in highly divergent lineages (i.e., those lineages that were divided extremely far back in evolutionary time). As a result, and in part because of the saturation of DNA sequences, it won't be useful for estimating divergence periods among species.
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Question correction:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because
A. DNA sequences are unable to revert back to previous allelic states.
B. the variation in the substitution rate between closely related lineages prevents accurate estimation of divergence time.
C. variation in population sizes among lineages changes the effect of genetic drift.
D. in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
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______is an extension of the brain, reaching from the base of the brain through the neck and spinal column, that transmits messages between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
How is modern Earth different from Earth over four billion years ago?
O Constantly bombarded with comets and asteroids
O Little to no oxygen
O High levels of ultraviolet radiation
O Protective atmosphere
Modern earth has more protective atmosphere.
The growth of Earth's atmosphere over geologic time, or atmospheric evolution. Although the method by which the present atmosphere evolved from past conditions is complex, there is a wealth of indirect evidence for this evolution. The atmospheric composition has changed in the past as a result of chemical reactions with the Earth's crust and, in particular, with biological processes related to life, according to ancient sediments and rocks.The initial atmosphere of Earth was deficient in free oxygen but abundant in methane, ammonia, water vapor, and the noble gas neon. The first biological generation of oxygen by unicellular organisms and its eventual accumulation in the atmosphere most likely occurred hundreds of millions of years apart.Therefore, option D. is correct.
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What statistical property make odds ratios the ideal measurement for case control studies?
Odd ratio's insensitivity to variance makes it ideal for case control study measurements.
What are odds ratios?
An indicator of how closely an incident is linked to exposure is the odds ratio (OR). The odds ratio compares two sets of probabilities: the likelihood that an event will occur in a group that has been exposed vs the likelihood that it will not. Odds ratios are frequently employed in case-control study reporting. The odds ratio aids in determining how likely it is for an exposure to cause a particular occurrence. The likelihood that the event will occur with exposure increases with the size of the odds ratio. Probability ratios below one indicates a lower probability of the event occurring given the exposure.
Odd ratio's insensitivity to variance makes it ideal for case control study measurements. It means that it doesn't get affected if variance is increased or decreased.
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Select all the molecules that have stored potential energy and that can be used in aerobic respiration to generate atp.
a) lipids carbohydrates
b) water proteins
c) carbon dioxide
Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein have potential energy, and can be used in aerobic respiration to generate .
Carbohydrate- A carbohydrate is a naturally occurring substance or a derivative of one, made composed of molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The most prevalent organic compound is a carbohydrate, and all life depends on them.
Lipids- Fatty, waxy, or oily molecules are referred to as lipids. They are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in polar solvents like water.
Protein- Large, intricate molecules known as proteins serve a variety of vital functions in the body. They are crucial for the construction, operation, and control of the body's tissues and organs and carry out the majority of their job inside cells.
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