Endospore would have been most difficult to kill while canning one's own food.
Endospores are the reproductive structures that attain a dormant state due to unfavorable structures. They have a thick, tough outer layer which cannot be destroyed easily. This is the reason why they can be the most difficult to kill.
Canning of food is a method of preservation of food. The food is stored in air-tight containers in order to store them for a longer period of time. These containers are heated properly so that all the microorganisms present are inactivated or killed. Canning can be of two types: water bath canning and pressure canning.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Which organisms would likely be the most difficult to kill if you were you to can your own food?
A. Streptococci
B. Endospores
C. Biofilms
D. Staphylococci
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The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the.
The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the nuclear envelope . The boundary of the nucleus is referred to as the nuclear envelope. It includes phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an internal membrane. The nuclear membrane is non-stop with the endoplasmic reticulum.
The nuclear envelope, additionally referred to as the nuclear membrane, is made of lipid bilayer membranes that during eukaryotic cells surrounds the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material. The nuclear envelope includes lipid bilayer membranes: an internal nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane.
The nuclear envelope has a complicated structure, inclusive of nuclear membranes, an underlying nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes . The nucleus is surrounded with the aid of using a machine of concentric membranes, referred to as the internal and outer nuclear membranes.
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In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized. True or false?.
The given statement "In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized." is True.
What is resting membrane potential?The ground value for trans-membrane voltage, which is a relatively static membrane potential. As opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical processes known as action potential and graded membrane potential, quiescent cells' relatively static membrane potential is referred to as the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage). The different membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from the functional activity of numerous ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers, are what cause the resting potential to exist. According to conventional definitions, the transmembrane voltage during resting membrane potential in animal and plant cells is a relatively steady, ground value.Learn more about the resting membrane potential with the help of the given link:
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What would make it clear that a recessive trait is carried on the x chromosome in humans?
The recessive traits located on the X-chromosome of humans are always expressed in males e.g. color blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait in which the eye fails to distinguish red and green colors. The gene for the traditional vision is dominant. the traditional gene and its recessive allele are carried by X-chromosomes.
What is a recessive trait?
An inherited trait is outwardly obvious only two copies of the gene for that trait are present—as opposed to a dominant trait where one copy of the gene for the dominant trait is sufficient to display the trait.
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Why knowing parentage is important. how could this knowledge help wild populations of endangered species? how could it also help with zoo populations?
Prevent loss of Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding
The knowledge of parentage provides one with information about the origin and identity of the parents.
The variations and changes in the genes of the progeny of the parents can also be understood by the knowledge of the parentage.
Population of wild endangered species can benefit from the knowledge of parentage as this can help in prioritizing original gene material, avoid inbreeding incidents , important tool to manage cross between species hence aiding in the prevention of genetic diversity and loss of population.
In zoos, inbreeding is very common due to small populations which can lead to an increase in homozygous populations instead of heterozygous ones. Decrease in heterozygous populations implies decrease in genetic variability.
∴ Knowledge of parentage in zoos can help with that.
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Hi can someone please help me with this!
3)
Experimental group - Those that received the placebo
Control group - Those that received surgery
Dependent variable - Kind of treatment for knee problem
4)
Experimental variable - Use of repellant
Independent variable - Use of repellant
Dependent variable - Deer population around the trees
Control - Trees without the tiger urine
Controlled variables - Specie of the deer, specie of tiger producing the urine.
What is an experiment?We can see that in each case, the experiment is trying to establish a cause and effect relationship. This implies, does X lead to Y? Each experiment must have a dependent variable that changes and an independent variable that is manipulated.
3)
Experimental group - Those that received the placebo
Control group - Those that received surgery
Dependent variable - Kind of treatment for knee problem
4)
Experimental variable - Use of repellant
Independent variable - Use of repellant
Dependent variable - Deer population around the trees
Control - Trees without the tiger urine
Controlled variables - Specie of the deer, specie of tiger producing the urine.
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What kind of chemical does saccharomyces cerevisiae ferment to produce alcohol? mcb 100
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments carbohydrates to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker's yeast, is a unicellular fungus under the Phylum Saccharomyces under the Kingdom Fungi. It is used in bread and alcohol production. It is commonly known as yeast. S. cerevisiae produce alcohol and carbon dioxide from carbohydrates through a biochemical process called fermentation.
Fermentation is the process whereby glucose is broken down in an oxygen lacking environment. There are two types of fermentation - alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Yeasts like S. cerevisiae make use of alcohol fermentation. The alcohol produced as a result is used in production of alcoholic beverages and the carbon dioxide is used in bread production to proof dough.
Muscle cells can make use of lactic acid fermentation to produce energy in an oxygen lacking environment.
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The electron transport chain system is responsible for the production of the majority of cellular atp. true false
The electron transport chain system is responsible for the production of the majority of cellular atp- True.
ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It provides energy for the various metabolic reactions in the body.
Electron transport chain consist of various protein complexes and other molecules through which the electrons are transferred from one complex called electron donor to other complex called electron receiver.
The process occurs due to redox reaction occur in the complexes. This reactions are coupled with transfer of proton across the membrane.
The protons that are pumped outside during the reaction are used to synthesize ATP.
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What tissue type is found in kidney glomeruli and corpuscles; air sacs of lungs; the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; and the lining of serosae?
The tissue type found in kidney glomeruli and corpuscles; air sacs of lungs; the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; and the lining of serosae is simple squamous epithelium.
Lymphatic vessels are the large network of tubes that carry the lymph fluid from different parts of the body. These vessels are also involved in the transport of immune cells. The vessels are composed of a thin layer of smooth muscle, and adventitia that helps in binding of vessels to the surrounding tissue.
Simple squamous epithelium tissues consist of a single layer of flattened cells. This structure makes the tissue relevant for structures like air sacs of lungs or the lining of the heart, therefore to make the transport process easier.
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According to the complete replacement model, the transition from premodern to modern homo sapiens?
According to the Complete Replacement Model, the transition was from the premodern to the modern Homo sapiens: only they occurred once, in the Africa. By the 165,000 ya individuals were they using fire at the Pinnacle Point, as the evidenced by the microliths that has show the evidence that the stone had been be carefully heated.
Homo sapiens, (Latin: “wise man”) the species is to which all modern human beings belong. the Homo sapiens is one of the several species of grouped into the genus the Homo, but it is the only one that is not extinct. and See also human evolution.
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The chemical messengers released into the synaptic gap between neurons are called?
Proteins that affect the structure of dna bound to histones without altering histone chemical structure are called:_______
Proteins that affect the structure of dna bound to histones without altering histone chemical structure are called Non-histone protein.
The proteins that remain after the histones have been taken out are known as non-histone proteins. A large group of heterogeneous proteins referred to as non-histone proteins organise and compress the chromosome into higher order structures.
They play a crucial role in regulating processes such nuclear transport, steroid hormone activity, nucleosome remodelling, DNA replication, RNA synthesis and processing, and the transition between interphase and mitosis.
Scaffold proteins, DNA polymerase, Heterochromatin Protein 1, and Polycomb are examples of typical non-histone proteins. This classification area also includes a large number of other structural, regulatory, and motor proteins. Non-histone proteins can be acidic. Other than histones, many proteins have the ability to bind to DNA and change the shape of the chromatin by means of epigenetic processes.
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What would happen if
all autotrophic organisms died, leaving only
heterotrophic organisms?
Explanation:
Heterotrophs are defined as organisms that must consume food to obtain nutrients. These include herbivores, carnivores, etc.
Thus, with a planet of only autotrophs (self-feeding organisms) will continue to reproduce and flourish. Eventually, the earth would be full of autotrophs and organism to moderate the population.
However, there are other factors that can moderate population, though it may not be as effective as a heterotroph.
As a result of the nonexistence of heterotrophs, that includes organisms that help recycle the waste in the environment.
For example, there are decomposers that recycle materials. Considered as heterotrophs, without decomposers to recycle nutrients, autotrophs will lack the nutrient to undergo photosynthesis - it would just be organic waste. This will eventually lead to the death of autotrophs.
There is a possibility for mutations to occur that can allow organisms to process the waste by themselves and use the nutrients that's been processed for photosynthesis.
These are just some of the things that can happen without any heterotrophs.
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Which term refers to a muscle that shares the same action as another muscle at the same joint?
Synergist is the term refers to a muscle that shares the same action as another muscle at the same joint
What do you call paired muscles?These types of muscles are referred to as antagonistic pairs. When two muscles are antagonistic, the lengthening or relaxing of one muscle causes the other to relax. The term "agonist" refers to the muscle that is contracting, while "antagonist" refers to the muscle that is relaxing or extending.
Synergistic muscles are sets of muscles that cooperate to produce a single action. Antagonistic muscles are those that oppose one another. Movement requires an antagonist muscle to counteract the action of an agonist muscle.
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Questions: 1) animais, plants, and fungi are all Multicellular eukaryotes. What unitying characteristics distinguish animals from members of these other two kingdoms?
Animals, Plants, and Fungi are multicellular, meaning that they have more than one cell in their body. Each cell also has a nucleus in it, a property which the other two kingdoms, Bacteria and Eubacteria don't have.
Pls give brainliest.
About _____ molecules in a glass of water are dissociated.
1 in 500,000,000
1 in 5,000,000
1 in 1,000,000,000
1 in 2
1 in 1,000,000
Answer:
in my opinion I will go for 500,000,000 (one in half a billion).
Explanation:
Because Water is an amphoteric substance, which means water can accept a proton acting as a base, and it can also donate A proton acting as an acid. About one water molecule in half a billion dissociates into an OH - ion by losing a proton to
another water molecule .
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Which cellular structure is associated with eukaryotic cells but not with prokaryotic cells?
Answer:
membrane-bound nucleus
Explanation:
membrane-bound nucleus
The process of endospore formation is _____________, while the process of an endospore growing into a vegetative cell is ____________.
The process of endospore formation is sporulation, while the process of an endospore growing into a vegetative cell is germination.
What is endospore?A dormant, robust, and non-reproductive structure known as an endospore is created by some bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacillota. Endospore is a name that suggests a spore-like or seed-like form, although it is not a true spore. The bacterium can reduce itself to this depleted, inactive state. The bacteria divides within its cell wall to generate endospores, which are then formed when one side engulfs the other. Bacteria can remain inactive for long periods of time, even centuries, thanks to endospores. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium tetani are a few examples of bacteria that can produce endospores.Learn more about the endospore with the help of the given link:
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Can you tell three lines about the following words
1- Nutritionist
2- Psychologist
3- Osteologist
4- Geneticist
Nutritionists typically work with individuals or populations to teach them more about general nutrition, food and health.
Can you tell three lines about the following words
1- Nutritionist:
The Nutritionist is a person who advises other people on the matter of food and nutrition and also the impacts on the life of the peoples. Some people specialize in particular subjects like sports, food, public health and animal and in many others subjects.
2- Psychologist:
A psychologist is a person who practices the psychology and other mental healths which relates with the emotional behaviour of the patient. Their work usually includes the experiments, interpretation and many other things.
3- Osteologist:
Osteologist is a person which study about the bones. The osteologist is the sub discipline of anatomy, anthropology, and paleontology. It is that study in which the student learns about the deep study in bones.
4- Geneticist:
The Geneticist is that kind of study in which the student learns about the genetics, heredity, the science of genes and variation of organism. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer.
So we can conclude that: Nutritionists typically work with individuals or populations to teach them more about general nutrition, food and health.
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A ___________ is an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres.
A karyotype is an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to the size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres.
What are chromosomes?
Each cell's nucleus contains chromosomes, which are structures that resemble threads and contain the DNA molecule. Each chromosome is constructed from DNA that has been tightly wound around proteins called histones numerous times to support its structure.
When a cell is not dividing, chromosomes cannot be seen in the nucleus, not even under a microscope. However, during cell division, the DNA that makes up chromosomes gets more compactly packed and becomes visible under a microscope.
The centromere, a point of constriction on each chromosome, separates the chromosome into its two "arms." The "p arm" refers to the chromosome's short arm. The "q arm" refers to the long arm of the chromosome. Every chromosome has a centromere, which determines the chromosome.
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A mineral scratches a knife blade but does not scratch a streak plate. What is the hardness of the mineral?.
Answer:
A mineral scratches a knife blade but does not scratch a streak plate. The hardness of the mineral between 5.5 and 7.
Explanation:
A material's ability to tolerate localized irreversible and plastic deformation, cutting, scratching, and even twisting is referred to as its hardness. Contrary, wear resistance will increase as hardness increases. Hard materials, in contrast, are challenging to shape-change.
The capacity of one mineral to scrape another mineral is a measure of hardness. A mineralogist from Germany named GeFederick Mohs developed a hardness scale that used a group of 10 reference minerals.Compounds containing calcium as well as magnesium, as well as a number of other metals, contribute to hardness. Temporary hardness, as well as permanent hardness, are indeed the two forms of hardness. Carbonate hardness is another name for temporary hardness.
This kind of hard water is caused by the bicarbonates and carbonates containing both calcium as well as magnesium. This hardness can be eliminated by boiling the water or adding lime to it.
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During a mugging, a person experiences an extreme level of fear. what portion of the limbic system is responsible for this and other emotional states?
Amygdala. The word "amygdala" relates to the structure's almond-like form. The left and right amygdalae, which are situated immediately adjacent to the hippocampus, are crucial to how we react emotionally, including how we feel pleasure, fear, anxiety, and rage.
Which limbic system component affects aggression?The limbic system's hyperactivity in reaction to unpleasant or provocative stimuli, particularly those that cause anger, including brain regions like the amygdala, is the other significant dysfunction linked to impulsive aggressiveness and violence.
Although there is considerable disagreement among scientists over which structures belong to the limbic system, the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus are all universally recognised as three of them.
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The r groups on amino acids determine their unique characteristics. how does an amino r-group on an amino acid behave at ph 7 in most cells?
It serves as a base and gains a proton, which charges it positively.
What is amino acid?
Proteins are made up of substances called amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are the components of life. Amino acids are the byproducts of the digestion or breakdown of proteins. Amino acids are used by the body to create proteins that aid in the digestion of meals.
Organic substances known as amino acids have both an amino and a carboxyl group. They can be differentiated by the functional group R that is attached. Six of the twenty amino acids that make up proteins have R-groups that are either bases or acids.
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How could scientists use radioisotopes to study the function of the golgi apparatus?.
Scientists could use radioisotopes to study the function of the Golgi apparatus by tracking the radiolabelled sugars which are attached to the proteins within the Golgi apparatus.
Radioisotopes of radiolabelled sugars are attached to proteins within the Golgi apparatus and are used for their study of function and it is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes. It is made up of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae. Proteins and lipids are moved, altered, and packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and delivered to specific locations. It is situated close to the cell nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm.
In an experiment to determine the route secreted proteins follow, radioactively labeled amino acids are added to a growing culture of cells involved in protein synthesis. The secretory vesicles received the radiolabeled proteins from the Golgi apparatus, which then moved there and joined with the plasma membrane to release them outside the cell.
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The person considered to be the father of psychiatric classification and a major contributor to the biological model was?
Emil Kraepelin is regarded as the father of psychiatric classification and a key figure in the development of the biological model.
What is Emil Kraepelin famous for?Emil Kraepelin's discovery of the link between the pathophysiology and appearance of psychiatric diseases is among his most significant contributions. Kraepelin did not think that particular symptoms were indicative of a particular sickness, in contrast to popular ideas at the time.
Kraepelin used a clinical rather than a pathological approach to mental disorder. Additionally, he concentrated on the biological and genetic patterns that are particularly visible in people with these disorders when considering family history.
Kraepelin proposed that another element for classification was the progression of symptoms and the influence that was actually felt throughout the course of a person's life. Alois Alzheimer conducted research and made the diagnosis of Alzheimer dementia in Kraepelin's lab at the University of Munich.
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Between 23 and 30 weeks connections form between the cerebral cortex and the brain regions that recognize _______ sensitivity.
Between 23 and 30 weeks connections form between the cerebral cortex and the brain regions that recognize pain sensitivity.
Your cerebral cortex, which is located on top of your cerebrum, is its outer layer. The greatest part of your brain is called your cerebrum. Your brain is split into two hemispheres by your cerebrum. The corpus callosum, a network of nerve fibres, connects the hemispheres together.The brain is a sophisticated organ that manages every bodily function as well as thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, temperature, and hunger. The central nervous system, or CNS, is made up of the spinal cord that emerges from the brain.The anterior cingulated cortex, insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and the insular cortex are some of these areas. These areas comprise the pain neuromatrix that Melzack has described.To learn more about cerebral cortex.
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Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes ________.
Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes are attached to the outside of the nucleus.
What is ribosomes?An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell is said to be ribosomes.
The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Ribosomes was present both in plants cells and animal cells.
Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes are attached to the outside of the nucleus.
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The two processes that occur during respiration are? a) ventilation and diffusion. b) inspiration and expiration. c) diffusion and oxygenation. d) oxygenation and ventilation
The two processes that occur during respiration are Inspiration and Expiration. The two fundamental elements of pulmonary ventilation are inspiration and expiration.
The process through which air departs the lungs is called expiration, and the process by which air is inhaled is called inspiration. A respiratory cycle is one round of inhaling and expiration.
Expiration (breathing out) and inspiration (breathing in) are necessary processes for the body to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In contrast to inspiration, which includes the active contraction of muscles like the diaphragm, exhalation is frequently passive unless it is forced.
The rib cage's intercostals, parasternal, scalene, and neck muscles, which mostly influence the top portion (pulmonary rib cage), function as both inspiratory and expiratory muscles.
In order to breathe, the abdominal muscles contract against the rib.
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction using excess of organometallic reagent?
a) tertiary alcohol
b) ketone secondary
c) alcohol aldehyde
Tertiary alcohol is the organic product obtained from the following reaction using an excess of organometallic reagents. So the correct option is A.
What are organometallic reagents?The formula for a Grignard reagent is RMgX, where X is a halogen and R is an alkyl or aryl group (based on a benzene ring) group. We will assume that R is an alkyl group for the sake of this page. An example of a Grignard reagent is CH3CH2MgBr.
Chemically, organolithium reagents have the formula RLi. The reagent CH3CH2Li could be typical. Although many organometallic reagents are commercially accessible, making them is frequently essential.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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How have humans contributed to an imbalance in the nitrogen cycle?
Humans contributed to an imbalance in the nitrogen cycle increase in nitrogen-producing industrial and agricultural activities as well as the burning of fossil fuels is causing humans to overstimulate ecosystems with nitrogen, finds a recent study. Nitrogen is a necessary element for life, but at large concentrations, it is harmful to the environment.
Scientists have shown that by changing the quantity of nitrogen stored in the biosphere, humans are interfering with the nitrogen cycle. The main cause is the burning of fossil fuels, which emits nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they react with other substances to produce smog and acid rain.
The addition of nitrogen can cause a nutrient imbalance in trees, changes in the health of forests, and losses in biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. More processes than merely the nitrogen cycle are impacted when nitrogen availability is increased because there is frequently a shift in carbon storage. The majority of human activities that have contributed to the rise in nitrogen levels worldwide are small-scale, ranging from the manufacture and use of nitrogen fertilizers to the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles and power plants.
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A person having repeated bladder infections would see a specialist in:________
A person having repeated bladder infections would see a specialist in urology
What is urology?
Diseases of the male and female urinary tract are treated by the medical specialty of urology (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). Additionally, the topic of the male reproductive organs is covered. Urologic health is crucial since illnesses in these body components can affect everybody.
One surgical specialty is urology. A urologist is a medical professional skilled in surgery as well as internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, and other fields of medicine. This is so because urologists deal with a wide variety of clinical issues.
1. Pediatric urology (urology for children)
2. Urogynecology (urologic cancers)
3. Kidney (renal) Transplant
4.male Infertility
5. Calculi (urinary tract stones)
6. Women's Urology
7. Neurourology (nervous system control of genitourinary organs) (nervous system control of genitourinary organs)
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