Yeasts, bacteria, viruses are generally included in the field of microbiology
The study of various living things that are not visible to the eye, such as bacteria, fungi, and other tiny organisms, is known as microbiology. Despite being little, these organisms are the foundation of all life on earth.
Famous microbiologists like Jenner, who developed a vaccine against smallpox, Fleming, who discovered penicillin, who discovered a connection between Helicobacter infection and stomach ulcers, and zur Hausen, who discovered a connection between the papilloma virus and cervical cancer, have made some of the most significant discoveries that have supported modern society.
Maintaining food, water, and energy security for a healthy people on a habitable earth is only one of the many present global objectives and concerns that microbiology research has been and continues to be crucial in addressing.
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What events that occur in meiosis increase genetic diversity in sex cells? horizontal gene transfer somatic mutation independent assortment alternative splicing genetic recombination
Genetic recombination occur in meiosis increase genetic diversity in sex cells.
What is meiosis?A cell division process known as meiosis produces four daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. A different name for it is reductional division. Because only through meiosis can germ cells develop into sperm or eggs, it is essential for reproduction.
The division of the nucleus into four nuclei, each containing half the chromosomes, results in the production of reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
When a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, the process is known as mitosis (cell division). A single cell undergoes two divisions during meiosis to produce four cells with half the original genetic material.
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Rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories, biologists and anthropologists are:_________
Rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories, biologists and anthropologists are: seeking to explain why specific biological variations occur
What are biological variations?
Biological variety is important to all our lives. Our world is home to a wide variety of life forms thanks to diversity. For each species to survive and find a niche in which to flourish, diversity is crucial. Without delving into the idea of evolution, diversity within our own species is evident in a number of observable traits, like height, and functional traits, such as the capacity for biotransformation. The pharmacogenomics discipline is emerging as a result of the latter source of variability. Unfortunately, biological diversity makes it difficult to examine the effects of treatments, even when the trial is planned and overseen beforehand. There is always a range of reactions shown in measurements conducted on study animals, regardless of how inbred they are.
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Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?.
The neurotransmitter that functions to stimulate skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart is acetylcholine.
What is a neurotransmitter?A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits information through nerve cells or neurons, and acetylcholine functions to contract smooth muscles.
In conclusion, the neurotransmitter that functions to stimulate skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart is acetylcholine.
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Approximately what percent of the sunlight striking the earth is actually captured by the biosphere on any given day? brainloy
About 71% of the sunlight that reaches the Earth is absorbed by the surface of the earth and atmosphere.
What is light energy?The capacity to make different forms of light visible to human sight makes light energy a sort of kinetic energy. Light is referred to as electromagnetic radiation that is produced by hot things like the sun, lasers, and lightbulbs.
Photons, which are tiny energy packets, are present in light. Photons are created when the atoms of an item undergo a heating process; this is how photons are created. The heat excites the electrons, which leads to their producing more energy. A photon is produced when the energy is released, and as the substance heats up, more photons are produced.
Therefore, 71% of the sunlight that reaches the Earth is absorbed by the surface of the earth and atmosphere.
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A ____ is a set of statements about the mechanisms underlying a behavior. postulate
Theory
A Theory is a set of statements about the mechanisms underlying a behavior.
A mathematical theory is an axiom-based mathematical model of a particular area of mathematics. It can also refer to a body of knowledge (based, for example, on accepted axioms and definitions) and, in this sense, to a particular area of mathematical study that falls inside a predetermined framework.What are theory and logic?The foundation of mathematics, meantime, is the deduction or derivation of qualities or propositions with respect to specific objects or elements contained in a certain set. Logic is the study of derivation and deduction of properties and propositions. Set theory is the study of the universal characteristics of elements and sets.To learn more about theory visit:
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The _______________ provide(s) an interface to the services provided by an operating system communication shared memory simulators system calls.
The system calls provide(s) an interface to the services provided by an operating system communication shared memory simulators system calls.
A system call in computing refers to the way in which a computer program requests a service from its operating system kernel at the time it is required. It can therefore be defined as the interaction between the program and the operating system.
System calls perform system-level operations, such as communicating with hardware devices, reading and writing files, by accessing the kernel operating system, which runs in kernel space.
What is an operating system?An operating system is the group or set of computer programs that manage the internal resources (memory, disk, information storage) and external resources of the computer.
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To examine by ______________ means to tap firmly on a specific body site to detect resonating vibrations.
Percussion means tapping firmly on a specific body site to detect resonating vibrations.
Leopold Auenbrugger von Auenbrugg, an Austrian physician, published the first account of the surgery in 1761. Although it was mostly disregarded by his contemporaries, it is now often used. Percussion is the act of tapping various body parts with the fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination. To ascertain The shape, texture, and boundaries of body organs. fluid levels inside or outside of body parts. Along with inspection, palpation, auscultation, and inquiry, it is one of the four techniques used during a clinical examination. Similar to how simply tapping on a container with your hands causes different noises, lightly tapping on the chest wall causes different sounds depending on how much air is present in the lungs. To ascertain:
The shape, texture, and boundaries of body organs. fluid levels inside or outside of body parts.
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A process for determining whether data from genetic crosses are consistent with a specific pattern of inheritance is called?
Data from the genetic crosses are consistent with the specific pattern of the inheritance is called as Punnett square
The Punnett square is the table in which the all of the possible outcomes for the genetic cross between the two individuals with the known genotypes are given. In its the simplest form, the Punnett square was consists of the square divided into the four quadrants. A Punnett square was a chart that is allows you to easily determine the expected the percentage of the different genotypes in the offspring of two parents. An example of the Punnett square for the pea plants is shown as below. In this example, both the parents are heterozygous for the flower color (Pp).
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When compared to other foods, fats have the most calories per gram. for energy to be harvested, the long carbon chains are broken into many two-carbon _______ molecules that enter the krebs cycle.
When compared to other foods, fats have the most calories per gram. for energy to be harvested, the long carbon chains are broken into many two-carbon Acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the krebs cycle.
krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occurs with the oxidation of acetyl-CoA which releases the energy to be stored for the undergoing the various process of system. Acetyl-CoA is derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
the long chain fats are broken down into many two carbon acetyl-CoA. It can also be derived from amino acids or glucose.
The acetyl-CoA then enters the kreb cycle to produce energy.
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When the receptor cells have registered a _____, the energy is converted to an electrochemical impulse.
When the receptor cells have registered a Stimulus sensory organs the energy is converted to an electrochemical impulse.
What is meant by electrochemical impulse?They communicate among centers in the central nervous system and they command your muscles to move. Nerve impulse are electrochemical events. Observed as an electrical event , a nerve impulse is called action potential.
Without nerve conduction, the process by which nerve impulses travel along our neurons, none of our perceptions, thoughts, or memories would be possible. Nerve conduction is an electrochemical process, which means it involves the use of electricity generated by chemical molecules.
Stimulus sensory organs like ear, eyes, nose, skin and tongue are called sensory organs. Stimulus is visual, taste, touch, smell and hear.
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The purpose of resin in pines is to ____. multiple choice question.
A. carry large volumes of water
B. withstand cold temperatures
C. protect against insects and fungi
D. provide rigid strength
The purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.
What is the purpose of resin in pines?Pine needle has resin that is responsible for the defense of plant body against insects and other animals. The resins may disrupt the feeding, digestion or metabolic function of the insects and animals that feed on it. Resin is a substance that can be used for a various purposes in our daily life. It is commonly used for making arts, crafts, flooring and countertops. Resin can also be used to make plastics and act as an excellent adhesive which is used to join materials to one another. Pines and many other plants that produce resin are used to protect the inner body of plant from causing disease.
So we can conclude that the purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.
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BRAINLYEST FOR CORRECT ANSWER
How do single-celled decomposers get energy?
They feed on living organisms.
They make their own food.
They break down dead organisms.
They use a process called budding.
Answer: They break down dead organisms
Explanation: Decomposers eat dead organisms for energy.
What is the purpose of a control group in a scientific experiment?
O to ensure that experimental results support the hypothesis
O to be a backup if something goes wrong with the experiment
O to serve as a basis of comparison with the experimental group
O to represent what happens when a variable is manipulated
Answer:
It is Between A & D. I think it's D.
What is the difference between a cell in g1 phase and a cell in g2 phase of the cell cycle?
The difference between a cell in g1 phase and a cell in g2 phase of the cell cycle is:
The first phase of the cell cycle's interphase, known as the G1 phase, is when cells begin to expand by synthesizing proteins and other substances. The G2 phase is the third interphase of the cell cycle, during which the cell makes the required proteins and other components to prepare for nuclear division.What does G1 do for cells?Between the conclusion of cell division during mitosis and the start of DNA replication during S phase, there is an intermediary phase called G1. The cell develops during this period to prepare for DNA replication, and some internal elements, such the centrosomes, go through replication.What is the G2 phase of a cell?The cell grows more, produces proteins and organelles, and starts to remodel its internal structure in preparation for mitosis during the second gap phase, also known as the end subscript phase.To learn more about cell phases visit:
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The nurse is assessing the function of a client's blood glucose meter. which is the best evidence that the meter is accurately measuring blood glucose?
When the nurse is assessing the function of a client's blood glucose meter, the best evidence that the meter accurately measures blood glucose is a sample of a control solution that yields results within the range of the client's meter.
A control solution is used to verify a blood glucose meter's performance. Other options are not used as quality checks (comparing two meters, using a nurse's sample, or averaging to match A1c).
People with diabetes require regular blood glucose monitoring to assist them in maintaining as close to normal blood glucose levels as for as long as possible. The advantages of keeping a blood glucose level continuously within the 4-7 mmol/L range include a reduction in the short-term, potentially severe complications of low blood sugar and a reduction in the frequency and severity of long-term problems of hyperglycemia.
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_____ dictate(s) the types and amounts of nutrients in food that will be transformed and reassembled into body structures and compounds.
Genes dictate the types and amounts of nutrients in food that will be transformed and reassembled into body structures and compounds.
Gene expression is induced by genes and thus alters the phenotype of an individual. In the converse single nucleotide polymorphisms taking place in a range of genes that are important in inflammation as well as the metabolism of lipids tend to alter the biological activity of important pathways of metabolism and mediators that influence nutrient ability to interact with them.
The genotype or allele set of genes is a unique combination of genes or genetic makeup of a particular individual. Thus genotype can be considered as a complete set of instructions that guides the body of a person to synthesize proteins which in turn pass information to make nutrients present in food to reassemble body structures. This is how a body is supposed to be built and to properly function.
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If two plants that are both carriers for albinism breed, what is the expected proportion of albino seedlings?
The expected proportion of albino seedlings is 1/4.
Carrier- A carrier is a person who has the illness but shows no symptoms; they are able to spread the illness to another person. A vector is a creature that may spread illness from an affected person to a healthy person who is not already afflicted.
For Example, One of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (CF).
Recessive Allele- A recessive allele is a form of genetic coding that, in the absence of a dominant allele, has no effect on phenotype. The more pronounced effects of the dominant allele in a dominant/recessive relationship between two alleles obscure the effects of the recessive allele.
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The emerging field of ______ biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.
The emerging field of systems biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.
What is Systems biology?This is defined as the study of the interactions and behavior of the components of biological entities such as atoms, cells etc using computational and mathematical analysis.
This is a newly developed branch of science and it helps scientists to understand the different ways in which organs and molecules work and their overall effect the body system.
This is therefore the reason why systems biology was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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A urinalysis is done on a client in her third trimester. which result would be considered abnormal?
A urinalysis is done on a client in her third trimester. Vaginal discharge would be considered abnormal.
A urinalysis involves examining the colour, consistency, and composition of urine. Results of a urinalysis that are abnormal may indicate a disease or illness. For instance, an infection of the urinary tract might cause urine to appear hazy rather than clear. Urinary protein levels that are higher than normal may indicate renal disease.
A urinalysis, commonly referred to as a urine test, analyses the physical, chemical, and microscopic components of your urine (pee). It may consist of a variety of tests that use a single urine sample to identify and quantify different substances that travel through your urine.
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The use of mri brain scans has revealed _____ in those who suffer from schizophrenia.
The use of MRI brain scans has revealed enlarged ventricles in those who suffer from schizophrenia.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by recurrent or ongoing psychotic episodes. Hallucinations (often voice hearing), delusions, and jumbled thinking are among the main symptoms. Other signs include indifference, a reduction in emotional expression, and social disengagement. Young adulthood is the normal time for the onset of symptoms, which frequently never go away. Observed behavior, a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and the accounts of those who are familiar with the person are used to make the diagnosis because there is no objective diagnostic test. If symptoms and functional impairment are present for six months (DSM-5) or one month, schizophrenia can be diagnosed.
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If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.
Transverse, horizontal
If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the Transverse or the horizontal plane.
Which four anatomical planes are there?Four fictitious flat surfaces or planes called anatomical planes cut across the body at four anatomical points. They are the horizontal (transverse) plane, the median plane, the sagittal planes, and the coronal (frontal) planes. On these planes, anatomical descriptions are also built.Definition of the transverse sectionA transverse section is a cross-sectional portion that is created by physically or artificially slicing the body or any part of the body structure in a horizontal plane. That plane forms a 90-degree angle with the longitudinal axis.What do a longitudinal and transverse section mean?A longitudinal section is one that is cut parallel to the object's longest dimension. Any cut between the longitudinal and transverse planes is referred to as an oblique section. A cut made perpendicular to the main plane of the organ or specimen is referred to as a cross section or transverse section.To learn more about transverse section visit:
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The statement that, in garden peas, yellow seed is dominant to green seed means that:_______
The statement that, in garden peas, yellow seed is dominant to green seed means that when a true-breeding parent with yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding parent with green seeds, all offspring will have green seeds.
What are alleles ?At a specific genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
What are the three types of alleles?There are three different alleles: allele I allele b, and allele a. (IO or i). Protein A is created and is found on the membrane of an individual's red blood cells if the allele A on the chromosome is present.
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You have isolated a microorganism from seawater that contains thylakoid membranes, gas vacuoles, and carboxysomes. it is most likely:_________
You have isolated a microorganism from seawater that contains thylakoid membranes, gas vacuoles, and carboxysomes. it is most likely Cyanobacterium.
What is Cyanobacterium?A phylum of Gram-negative bacteria called Cyanobacteria, also referred to as Cyanophyta, produces energy through photosynthesis. Blue-green algae, which is also a common name for cyanobacteria, is derived from the name cyanobacteria, which refers to their color. They seem to have come from a watery or terrestrial setting. The photosynthetic pigments used by cyanobacteria to absorb light energy include carotenoids, phycobilins, and several types of chlorophyll. Cyanobacteria are heterotrophic prokaryotes without internal membranes. These are thylakoids, flattened sacs where photosynthesis takes place.Learn more about the cyanobacteria with the help of the given link:
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The _______ nervous system conveys signals from the body's sensory receptors to the central nervous system and transmits messages back to the muscles and glands.
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
the -peripheral- nervous system
As you drive down the road, a car suddenly swerves into your lane. your heart starts to race, and you begin to perspire. this reaction is being caused by your ___________ nervous system.
This reaction is being caused by parasympathetic nervous system.
Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a network of nerves that relaxes the body after periods of stress or danger. It also helps run life-sustaining processes, like digestion, during times when it feel safe and relaxed.
Example, Saliva: The PSNS increases saliva production as part of its rest-and-digest function. Saliva includes enzymes that aid in the digestion of meals. Lacrimation: The term "lacrimation" refers to the act of crying. The eyes' fragile tissues are preserved by the lubrication provided by tears.
Lubrication- By applying a thin coating of a solid, liquid, or gas to two moving solid surfaces, lubrication minimizes friction and wear without endangering the surfaces themselves.
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If a dna-binding protein "reads" a short stretch of dna and detects the following "second" genetic code provided by the functional groups located on each base as h-hd-ch3-ha-ha-ha-ha-hd, then what is the corresponding sequence of bases?.
If a DNA-binding protein "reads" a short stretch of DNA and detects the following "second" genetic code provided by the functional groups located on each base as H-HD-CH3-HA-HA-HA-HA-HD, then C-T-G-A is the corresponding sequence of bases.
Proteins that bind to DNA and RNA make up a sizeable portion of biological proteins and play crucial roles in cells. Controlling transcription and translation, DNA repair, splicing, apoptosis, and modulating stress responses are just a few of their duties.The functions of DNA are modulated by the hundreds of proteins that are present in our cells. Due to their ability to bind to DNA, these proteins are known as DNA-binding proteins. DNA-binding proteins perform a variety of tasks, including as regulating the synthesis of proteins, controlling cell growth and division, and storing DNA inside the nucleus.Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the four bases of DNA (T). These bases come in particular pairs (A with T, and G with C).To learn more about DNA-binding proteins.
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Damaged tissues are normally repaired through replacement of damaged or dead cells through a process called fibrosis. True or false?.
Damaged tissues are normally repaired through replacement of damaged or dead cells through a process called regeneration, hence, it is false.
Damage to tissues can occur internally or externally. When this occurs, a series of events called tissue repair are set in motion to contain the damage and initiate the healing process. One of these processes is called regeneration.
When the body replaces damaged or dead cells using cells of the same type, it is called regeneration. This occurs in most skin injuries like cuts, minor burns or scrapes and often doesn't leave any major scar. The internal organ that regenerates outstandingly well is the liver. Since the same type of cells are used during regeneration, the normal function of the organ is restored after regeneration.
Fibrosis occurs only when the damage done to the organ or tissue is excessive. Scar tissue called fibroblasts are deposited forming scar tissue to hold the organ or tissue together.
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What brain structure enables this water polo player to coordinate his swimming and throwing motions?
Cerebellum brain structure enables this water polo player to coordinate his swimming and throwing motion.
Cerebellum - A large number of processes and functions in both our brain and body are coordinated and regulated by the cerebellum, which is a component of the brain. Even though it's quite little compared to our entire brain, it contains more than half of the body's neurons. Neurons are the cells that make up your nervous system.
Neurons- The basic building blocks of the brain and nervous system are neurons (neurons or nerve cells). Neurons are the cells that receive sensory information from the outside world, give motor orders to our muscles, and convert and relay electrical impulses at each stage along the way.
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Explain how bacteria affect the water-holding and nutrient-holding capacity of soil?
Bacteria improve the nutrient holding capacity of the soil as they perform nutrient cycling as well as decomposition of dead and decaying matter that increases the nutrient richness of the soil. The water holding capacity is improved by the formation of aggregates of soil that hold the water molecules efficiently.
Nutrient cycling is the process in which a nutrient follows a specific path repeatedly and benefits the living organisms in the process. The pathway generally includes of both, the living as well as the non-living factors. The various nutrient cycles that run in the nature are: carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, etc.
Decomposition is the process of decaying of the dead organic matter of plants or animal that results in the transfer of nutrients from the dead organic matter to the soil.
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What structure appears to be underdeveloped or missing in the microtubules of the sperm flagellum affected by kartagener syndrome?
The Pairs of microtubules structure appears to be underdeveloped or missing in the microtubules of the sperm flagellum affected by kartagener syndrome.
Kartagener syndrome is a subset of PCD and consists of the triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis.About 90% of the sperm's length is made up of the flagellum, which also comprises axoneme and peri-axoneme structures including the fibrous sheath, outer dense fibres, and the mitochondrial sheath. The flagellum is also where the sperm's ability to move is controlled.Microtubules determine the functional capacity of sperm since they are essential for organelle transport and cellular divisions during spermatogenesis and the sperm motility process. Axoneme and manchette, which are microtubule-based structures, are also essential for the development of the sperm head and tail.To learn more about sperm.
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