The tert-butyl cation is the electrophile in the friedel-crafts alkylation reaction with tert-butyl chloride.
What is tert-butyl chloride?
The organochloride with formula (CH3)3CCl is tert-butyl chloride. It is a flammable, colorless liquid. It has a limited water solubility and a propensity to hydrolyze into the equivalent tert-butyl alcohol. As an industrial precursor to various organic molecules, it is created.
In order to create alcohol and alkoxide salts, tert-butyl chloride is a crucial starting material in nucleophilic substitution processes. It is employed in Friedel-Crafts processes and as an alkylating agent for the introduction of the tert-butyl group. It serves as an intermediary in the synthesis of both medicines and agrochemicals.
Originally, this Alfa Aesar product was sold under the Thermo Scientific name. The legacy brand may be mentioned in some documents and label information.
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How many moles of oxygen are consumed in the complete combustion of 1.60 moles of benzene, c6h6?
In the complete combustion of 1.60 moles of benzene, C6H6, 12 moles of oxygen, O2, is consumed.
Combustion is defined as the process of burning something. In chemistry, combustion refers to the chemical process between a fuel and an oxidant, usually oxygen to produce heat and light in the form of flame.
In a complete combustion, oxygen is sufficient to react with any hydrocarbons to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Balancing the combustion reaction of benzene, we have:
2C6H6 + 15 O2 = 12CO2 + 6H2O
Based on the balanced combustion reaction above, 2 moles of benzene requires 15 moles of oxygen to have a complete combustion.
If we have 1.60 moles C6H6,
moles O2 = mole ratio x mole of benzene
moles O2 = (15 moles O2/2 moles C6H6) x 1.60 moles C6H6
moles O2 = 12
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The empirical formula of a compound with molecules containing 12 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms is?
The empirical formula of a compound with molecules containing 12 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms is C₆H₇O₃.
The empirical formula gives the proportions of the elements present in a compound.
In this compound proportion od carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms is:
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 12 : 14 : 6 /÷2; in this example, molecular formula is divided by two
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 6 : 7 : 3
In the empirical formula, the proportion od carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms is 6 : 7 : 3, so the empirical formula is C₆H₇O₃.
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Wherever it is found, water always contains oxygen and hydrogen in the mass ratio of 8 to 1. Taken by itself, this fact demonstrates what natural law?.
Natural law demonstrates constant composition wherever it is found, water always contains oxygen and hydrogen in the mass ratio of 8 to 1.
The above statement agreed by Law of constant proportions according to this law, a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass. thus, irrespective of the source, or chemical compound always contains the element in a fixed ratio by mass for example, pure water obtained from river, sea, well always contains hydrogen and oxygen combined together in the ratio of 1:8 by mass that's why wherever it is found, water always contains oxygen and hydrogen in the mass ratio of 8 to 1. Taken by itself, this fact demonstrates constant proportions law demonstrates as natural law
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What is the actual order that information follows as it travels through a neuron?
Dendrites -> Soma -> Axon -> Terminal buttons
is the actual order that information follows as it travels through a neuron
What is neuron?Neurons are messengers of information. Between various brain regions and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system, information is transmitted using electrical impulses and chemical signals. Without the action of neurons and their supporting cells, the glial cells known as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, humans would not be able to think, feel, or act.
A cell body, an axon, and two extensions called a dendrite make up the three basic components of a neuron. There is a nucleus inside the cell body that regulates the cell's functions and houses its genetic material. The axon, which resembles a long tail, delivers signals from the cell. Dendrites serve as the cell's messengers and resemble the tree's branches.
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The general molecular formula for alkanes is cnh2n 2. what is the general molecular formula for cycloalkanes with two rings?
The general molecular formula for alkanes is cnh2n 2. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes with two rings CnH2n−2.
Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons with a ring type structure. The reason of ring formation is because they are saturated compounds. The general formula of the cycloalkanes is CnH2n where n is the number of carbon atoms.
cyclopentane, Cyclobutane, cyclohexane, and cycloheptane, cyclooctane are some example of cycloalkanes and Cyclopropane is considered one of the smallest cycloalkanes.
Cycloalkanes have a lot of uses. They are used in the medical industry for the production of drugs. These compounds are also used in hair and food industries.
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An isotope of sodium (na) has a mass number of 22. how many neutrons does it have?
An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22 it have 11 neutrons
Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. protons are the positively charged particles which are present in the nucleus of an atom. a neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom except that of simple hydrogen. here sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22 so, in that sodium 11 proton are present and 11 neutron are present.
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What are the approximate fractional concentrations of the follow- ing phosphate species at ph values of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12?
a. h3po4
b. h po
c. po43
Polyprotic Acid : Acids that can mislay, and bases that can gather up, more than one H+ (e.g. diprotic H2A and triprotic H3A acids).
Ionization take place stepwise, and each and every step has its own Ka.
H3PO4 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + H2PO4 - (aq) Ka1 = 7.2 x 10-3
H2PO4 - (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HPO4 2- (aq) Ka2 = 6.3 x 10-8
HPO4 2- (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + PO4 3- (aq) Ka3 = 4.2 x 10-13
According to question
To decide the fractional concentrations of one and all species at assorted pH values, first write the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for each and every dissociation reaction.
Formula of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is :
pH = pKa + log10 ([A–]/[HA])
pH = pK1+log[H2PO^4-] / [H3PO4]
pH=pK2+log[ HPO^2-] / [H2PO^4-]
pH = pK3+log[PO^3- 4] / [HPO^2- 4]
a. Fraction of H3PO4: pH0 = 0.993; pH2 = 0.58; pH4 = 0.01 ; pH 6 is negligible.
b. Fraction of HPO4 ^2- : pH 0 is negligible and 0.06; pH8 = 0.86; pH10 = 1.0; pH12 = 0.72
c. Fraction of PO3 ^2- : negligible at any pH < 10 ; pH 12 = 0.28
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The elements br2 and icl have the same number of electrons, yet br2 melts at -7.2 0c and icl melts at 27.2 0c. explain.
The elements Br₂ and ICl have the same number of electrons, yet Br₂ melts at -7.2°C and ICl melts at 27.2°C because Br₂ is a non-polar molecule with dispersion force as intermolecular interaction between them, whereas ICl is a polar molecule with dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion foces as intermolecular interaction.
ICl is with permanent dipole moment as the electronegativities of Cl and I are diffferent from each other.
The melting point of any compound rests on the intermolecular forces' stregth. More energy is required for stronger intermolecular forces so that it can overcome and have a higher melting point.
In Br₂ and ICl, the strength of dispersion force is similar because they have same number of electrons. But ICl have stronger dipole interactios too.
Therefore, strength of intermolecular forces is larger in ICl than in Br₂, so ICl have a high melting point of 27.2°C than Br₂ ( -7.2°C).
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The molecular mass of glucose is 180 g. to make a 1m solution of glucose, you should _______.
The molecular mass of glucose is 180 g. To make 1 M solution of glucose , you should dissolve 1 mole of glucose in 1 litre of water.
The molecular mass of glucose is 180.16 g/mole, therefore 1 mole is 180.16 grams.
So, to make a 1 M solution, you should take 1 mole = 180.16 g of glucose and make up to 1 litre.
Working glucose solution is prepared by diluting the stock solution.
It can also be said that 1 M glucose solution is -
1 M glucose solution = 180 g / 1000 m L
= 0.18.
So, it is 0.18 % w/v.
Glucose solution is a mixture of glucose and water. It is used to treat low blood sugar and the water loss without the electrolyte loss. Glucose solution is an isosmotic solution. If it is in large amount, it produces hypertonic effects on the system.
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A student reported that their zinc layer was 18256793.61 atoms thick. what are three things wrong with reporting this number?
Three things wrong with reporting this number are fractional atom, scientific notation and unit of measurement .
1) Decimal fraction of 0.61 is wrong for number of atoms. For number of atoms, whole numbers must be used, not fractional. For example 1, 25 or 565
2) In example like this, large number should be displayed in scientific notation. It depands on the number of significant figures, but this number can be reported as 1.826x10⁸.
3) Number of atoms is not standard for measurement of thickness of the layer. It is better to us nm (nanometers) or some other unit for the lenght.
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Landfills produce methane, which is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
It is true that methane, which is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming.
A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
Global warming is rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
Most often greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (molecular formula CH₄). These gases come from burning multiple substances: coal, petroleum, plastic and natural gas.
Balanced chemical reaction of combustion of methane:
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
Greenhouse gases are so difficult to measure, because carbone dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons comes from multiple sources, some of which are relatively hard to measure.
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Answer:
It's true
Explanation:
Took the test
sulfide is formed when copper and sulfur are heated together. In this reaction, 130 g of copper reacts with 45 g of sulfur. After the reaction is complete, 8.0 g of unreacted sulfur remain. What is the mass of copper(II) sulfide formed?
The mass of copper(II) sulfide formed when copper and sulfur are heated together is 167g.
How to calculate mass of products and reactants?The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of a substance can neither be created nor destroyed.
This law further explains that in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
According to this question, sulfide is formed when copper and sulfur are heated together. In a reaction, 130 g of copper reacts with 45 g of sulfur.
However, after the reaction is complete, 8.0 g of unreacted sulfur remain. This suggests that the mass of sulfide produced is as follows:
(130g + 45g) - 8g = 167g
Therefore, the mass of copper(II) sulfide formed when copper and sulfur are heated together is 167g.
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A proton is moving at a speed of 0.30 mm s-1. if the uncertainty in its momentum is to be reduced to 0.0400 per cent, what will be the uncertainty in its position in nanometers?
Response: 26.3 nm
A proton is moving at a speed of 0.30 mm s-1.
if the uncertainty in its momentum is to be reduced to 0.0400 per cent
0.04% of 0.3 Mms-1 = delta v.
= 1.2*10^-4 Mm/s
= 1.2*10^-4*10^6 m/s
delta v= 120 m/s
delta x *m*delta v=h/4pi
delta x*(1.67*10^-27)*120 = 6.626*10^-34/ 4pi
delta x = 2.63 *10^-10
delta x = 26.3 nm
if the uncertainty in its momentum is to be reduced to 0.0400 per cent, 26.3 nm will be the uncertainty.
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expression for calculating the charge of an ion
Answer:
Number of protons - number of electrons = charge on ion.
Explanation:
What do you know about the sun from experience?
Answer:
Sun
Explanation:
he sun is a big ball of burning plasma it cuases light the sun is the seco d hottest object in the universe the sun another fact is we learned the sun isn't even a solid it's bassiclly a ball of energy or a constant flaming ball of plasma hydrogen and heluim if the sun went out we would live in darkness forever not to mention we would frezze to death
A physician orders an i.v. bolus injection of diltiazem hydrochloride for a client with uncontrolled atrial fibrillation. what should the nurse do before administering an i.v. bolus?
The nurse will administer an i.v. bolus, gently aspirate the I.V. catheter to check for the blood return.
What is atrial fibrillation?
A-fib, or atrial fibrillation, is an irregular and frequently very rapid heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can cause heart blood clots. A-fib increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related problems.
AFib is mostly brought on by chaotic signals that cause the atria, the two top chambers of your heart, to contract quickly and out of time. Because of how swiftly they contract, the heart's walls fibrillate. AFib may result from electrical system damage to your heart.
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What is the solution that is added to the cartridge of local anesthetic that can trigger bronchospasms?
Vasoconstrictor Preservative is the solution that is added to the cartridge of local anesthetic that can trigger bronchospasms.
Contraction of the muscles that line the airways (bronchi) in your lungs is referred to as bronchospasms. This causes difficulty in breathing. Chest tightness, Wheezing, Shortness of breath, Difficulty breathing are some of the symptoms of bronchospasms.
Vasoconstrictor Preservative is an additive which is used in local anesthetic. It enhance the duration and quality of the local anesthetic and also decreases surgical blood loss. Local anesthetics without a vasoconstrictor should be used in patients with sulfite allergy. Epinephrine, Levonordefrin, and Norepinephrine are some of the vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetic.
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A molecule has an empirical formula of ch, and its molar mass is known to be 26 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?.
A molecule has an empirical formula of ch, and its molar mass is known to be 26 g/mol and the molecular formula is C₂H₂ ethyne
Molecular formula of compound is (CH)n and the given molar mass is 26g/mol
Molar mass of (CH)n, C=12=n(12+1)=13n
So 13n and n=2
=13×2=26 and given molar mass is also 26g/mol
So here two carbon and two hydrogen so molecular formula is C₂H₂ and name is ethyne
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If+a+mixture+of+quartz+and+bauxite+contains+78%+quartz,+this+means+that+_______.+(select+all+that+apply.)
If a mixture of quartz and bauxite contains 78% of quartz this means
There are 78gm of quartz in 100 gm of mixture/
There are 78gm of quartz for every 22 gm of bauxite.
There are 117gm of quartz for every 150gm of mixture.
If there is 78% of quartz in mixture of quartz and bauxite then
78% of quartz in 100% of mixture
If we suppose we have 100gm of mixture
Then ,
78% of 100 gm = 78gm
i.e. we have 78gm of quartz in mixture
100gm = quartz+ bauxite
100gm +78gm + bauxite
100- 78 = bauxite
Therefore bauxite = 22gm
Thus in 100 gm of mixture there is 78 gm of quartz and 22gm of bauxite.
If we suppose we have 150gm of mixture
Then ,
78% of 150 gm = 117gm
i.e. we have 117gm of quartz in mixture
150gm = quartz+ bauxite
150gm = 117gm + bauxite
150- 117 = bauxite
Therefore bauxite = 33gm
Thus in 150 gm of mixture there is 117gm of quartz and 33gm of bauxite.
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A given short peptide, sgyal contains _________ peptide bonds. any given short peptides/protein contain at least _____ amino group(s) (nh3 ) and ______ carboxyl group(s) (-coo- ).
A given short peptide, SGYAL contains four peptide bonds. Any given short peptides/protein contain at least one amino group(s) (nh3 ) and one carboxyl group(s) (-coo- ).
SGYAL stands for secretaria general y asuntos legales. Sgyal is also written as Ser-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu . The structure of SGYAL is shown in the image attached. SGYAL contains four peptide bonds as highlighted by yellow color in the structure of SGYAL.
Peptide bond is formed by the condensation of carboxylic group of one molecule and amino group of other molecule. Any given short peptides/protein contain at least one amino group(s) ([tex]NH_{3}[/tex]) and one carboxyl group(s) ( -COO-).
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Through bonding, atoms are able to attain the same electron configuration as a(n)?
The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration
What is electron configuration?The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration, also known as electronic structure or electron configuration. As follows: 1s will be filled first, with a maximum of 2 electrons, followed by 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, and 5p. The Aufbau Principle, the Pauli-Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule are a set of three guidelines we must adhere to while allocating electrons to orbitals. To determine the valence electrons of an atom, electron configurations assist us to understand the chemical behavior of elements. The shell number (n), kind of orbital, and superscript indicating the number of electrons in the orbital are the first three symbols used to represent the electron configuration.
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which elements have one valence electron?
Answer:
GOLDEN TRICK
Explanation:
GO TO ND ASK.
MARK 5 STAR FOR THIS BRILLIANT ADVICE.
Determine the expected number of signals in the proton nmr spectrum for each given molecule.
The number of NMR signals represents the number of different types of protons in a molecule.
What is molecule?
A molecule is defined as a collection of two or more atoms held together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on the context, the term may or may not include ions that fit this criteria.
The spectrum has five signals which indicate five types of different protons.
What does a type of proton mean?
Here type of proton means protons are grouped in types based on their environments.
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please help
The amount of matter in an object is known as ____ and it is measured using an electronic balance. The SI unit used with this measurement is ___. The amount of space something takes up is ___ and a graduated cylinder is most commonly used for liquids. The basic SI unit used for graduated cylinders in the ___.
please put answers in order
Answer:
Mass.
Si Unit Measurement.
volume.
milliliters.
A solution of cough syrup contains 5.00 ctive ingredient by volume. if the total volume of the bottle is 38.0 ml , how many milliliters of active ingredient are in the bottle?
In the bottle active ingredient are 1.9mL
The concentration in percent by volume can be expressed in the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the solution. as such for a cough syrup with a concentration of 5.00 percent by volume, for every 100 mL of the solution, there are 5.00 mL of the active ingredient. from this the volume of the active ingredient in 38.0 mL of the cough syrup will be calculated as:
Volume of active ingredient = 38.0 mL × 5.00mL / 100mL = 1.9ml
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Forces
37. Any push or pull on an object is called a
38. The units for force are
39. Forces can be
40.
41.
or
which can be abbreviated
forces cause a change in an object's motion or acceleration.
forces do not change an object's motion or it does not move.
42. The force that two surfaces exert on each other is called
43. The force that pulls objects towards each other is
44. The measure of the force of gravity on an object is its
45. One unit for distance is
46. One unit for time is
and the abbreviation is
and the abbreviation is
The formula weight of ammonium sulfate ((nh4)2so4), rounded to the nearest integer, is ________ amu.
a. 264
b. 132
c. 118
d. 100
e. 116
The formula weight of ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄), rounded to the nearest integer, is 132 amu
Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) formula are as follow:
((NH₄)₂SO₄)
Now,28+8+32+64 = 132gm/mol
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If a resident drinks four ounces of water with a meal, how many milliliters (ml) has he consumed?
If a resident drinks four ounces of water with a meal, 120 mL has he consumed.
Water is a clear, thin liquid that, in its pure state, has no color or taste. Rain falls from the clouds and flows into rivers and oceans. All animals and humans need water to live. Give me a glass of water. Essential water requirement means the minimum amount of water required for residential and commercial purposes for food processing, drinking, flushing toilets, firefighting, and hospital use.
Store at room temperature. Lubricate and moisten the joints. Protects the spinal cord and other delicate tissues. Removes waste products from urination, perspiration and bowel movements. Most tap water in the United States comes from surface or groundwater. Spring water refers to bodies of water (rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, springs, groundwater, etc.) that feed public drinking water supplies or private wells.
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What is the frequency of a radio
wave with an energy of
8.3 x 10-24 J?
[? ] × 10¹²] Hz
The frequency of a radio wave with an energy of 8.3 x 10-24 J is 1.257 ×10¹⁰ Hz
For the calculation of energy, we know that
E = h[tex]v[/tex]
where. E is energy
h is planks constant
and [tex]v[/tex] is the frequency.
thus, E = 8.3× 10⁻²⁴ J
and h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js.
Now, putting values in the formula we get,
8.3× 10 ⁻²⁴ = 6.6×10 ⁻³⁴ × [tex]v[/tex]
thus, [tex]v[/tex] = 8.3 × 10⁻²⁴ / 6.6 ×10⁻³⁴
[tex]v[/tex] = 1.257 ×10¹⁰ Hz
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One of the basic building blocks of matter, which cannot be broken down by chemical means is a(n)______ , of which there are 92 that occur naturally.
One of the basic building blocks of matter, which cannot be broken down by chemical means is an element.
The first chemical element is hydrogen (atomic number is 1) and the last is oganesson (atomic number is 118).
Elements are scheduled in Periodic table, ordered by their atomic number.
Other example, krypton is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36.
Krypton has 36 electron and 36. It is noble gas (group 18).
Noble gases are in group 18: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and radon (Rn). They have very low chemical reactivity.
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