Diatoms, such as members of the genus navicula, belong to which major lineage of eukaryotes?.
Diatoms, such as members of the genus navicula, belong to stramenopila major lineage of eukaryotes.
Stramenopile:- Stramenopiles are group of organisms, that consists of stiff tripartite external hairs and flagella. Stramenopile is also known as heterokonts. It has both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic cells. Diatoms, chrysophytes, brown algae and some protozoa are included in the stramenopila kingdom. As stramenopiles are neither fungi, animals nor plants, they are eukaryotes.
Navicula:- Navicula is a genus of diatom algae, whose cells are boat-shaped.
Thus we can conclude that, diatoms such as members of the genus navicula, belong to stramenopila major lineage of eukaryotes.
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What is the theoretical diffraction limit of resolution of a light microscope used to look at a sample through oil?
The theoretical resolution limit of a light microscope being used examine a sample while it is in oil is 261 nm.
A light microscope's resolution is limited to between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers, or half the wavelength of visible light. The objects are at most 0.2 m away when we can see green light (0.5 m).
Using a green light of 514 nm, an oil immersion objective with such a NA of 1.45, and a condenser with a NA of 0.95, the (theoretical) limit of resolution is 261 nm. As was already said, more detail can be resolved when imaging a specimen with a shorter wavelength of light in a microscope.
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The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called _____.
The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called Osteoblasts.
What are Osteoblasts?Osteoblasts may be defined as cuboid-shaped cells that significantly construct the collection of other cells that cover the bone surface. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. These kinds of cells are emanated from the mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow.
The best and most important example can be osteoblast-derived VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) can ameliorate bone repair or during the bone development process. These kinds of cells are most prominent in fetal life and in early childhood.
Therefore, the cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called Osteoblasts.
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Why the preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice compared to at low temperature
The preparation of apple juice at high temperature produces a clearer juice because as the pulp temperature is raised to 55°C for the enzymatic depectinisation treatment.
Pectin, a part of the cell wall of fruits like apples and oranges, is broken down by the enzyme pectinase.
Commercially, pectinase is used to help with fruit juice extraction. It shouldn't be overly finely ground, agitated, or heated to more than 35 C in order to make a highly pressable mash (95 F). When using PECTINASES, the reaction and reaction time are normally 30 to 120 minutes, and the temperature range is kept mild, between 20 and 30 C. This serves in part to prevent complete protopectin hydrolysis. Protopectin binds the cells, and when it is hydrolyzed, the fruit tissue becomes more viscous, less pressable, and less robust. PECTINASE is a great addition to the mill, especially for apples with a soft texture. Pectin esterase and polygalacturonase make up a large portion of PECTINASES made for apple mashes (aka pectin glucosidase). These enzymes significantly lessen the pomace's viscosity and stickiness without influencing or lowering its protopectin content.
Pectinase releases the juice from within the cells by enzymatically dissolving the cell wall. The extracted juice is also clarified using pectinase.
hence this pectin dissolves the pectin and other compounds responsible for cloudy appearances and hence a clear juice is obtained.
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Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. this information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n):_________
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. this information indicates that the infectious agent is a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease.
BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unusual transmissible agent called a prion.
What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?The progressive neurological disorder known as BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) affects cattle, and its symptoms are comparable to those of scrapie, which affects sheep. Mad cow disease is the name given to BSE. A very unusual infectious agent causes BSE and scrapie, both of which are diseases.
You may notice symptoms like trembling, stumbling, swaying, and behavioural changes like anxiety, aggression, or hysteria. It's possible to notice a loss of weight and a decline in milk production. Rarely will BSE-affected cattle develop an illness overnight. BSE will cause death in all infected cattle.
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Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall?
a. fungi
b. mycoplasmas
c. protoplasts
d. animal cells
A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells.
Fungi have cell wall , which is made up of chitin.
What are the functions of cell wall?A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells. It can be tough, flexible, and rigid at times. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, as well as acting as a filtering mechanism.
The main functions are cell wall is to provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell. It maintains the shape of the cell, protect it from burst out, provide protection against pathogens and regulates intercellular transport .
Protoplast is a living protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell wall has been removed, mycoplasma is Bacteria who lacks cell wall, animal cells also lack cell wall only Fungi have cell wall which made up of chitin.
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What tissue acts as a firm, protective packing around and between organs, bundles of muscle fibers, and nerves?
The Adipose tissue acts as a firm, protective packing around and between organs, bundles of muscle fibers, and nerves. Adipose tissue serves as a key metabolic component in the control of whole body energy homeostasis. While the brown adipose tissue stores lipids for cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis.
Other organs use the white adipose tissue as a vital energy source. In addition to protecting the body from the cold and the heat, cushioning sensitive organs, and secreting hormones and biological chemicals, its main job is to store energy. On the other side, neonates and foetuses tend to have more brown adipose tissues.
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How does capillary action allow water to climb up the sides of a straw? (For biology homework, please help if you can)
What transpires inside a drinking straw that has been placed in a cup of water is an illustration of capillary action.
The water will rise inside the straw a little bit higher than the rest of the water because the force of adhesion holding the water together and to the straw is a little stronger than gravity.
The adhesion of water molecules to other molecules, or the attraction between them, is also connected to these cohesive forces. This may be seen when a straw is placed in a glass of water and water "climbs" up the straw. You'll see that the water seems to be higher on the straw's sides than in the center.When we suck from a straw, a low-pressure area is generated inside our lungs by increasing the capacity of our lungs. As a result, the liquid rises inside the straw as a result of the atmospheric pressure forcing it into our mouth from the outside.Learn more about capillary action here:
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Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 MC)
How is Earth's surface most likely to change in a place that experiences extensive animal activity?
Sand dunes will be formed due to deposition of sediments.
Soil will loosen due to vast network of underground tunnels.
Cracks will appear in rocks due to freezing and thawing of water.
Rocks will break due to repeated abrasion and mechanical stress?
Answer:B) soil will loosen due to vast network of underground tunnels.
Explanation:
Which cellular structures are composed of many amphipathic molecules that are driveen together under the influence of the hydrophobic effect?
The hydrophobic effect causes a large number of amphipathic molecules, which make up cellular membranes, to be drawn together.
What components make up the cell membrane?With a few rare exceptions, glycerophospholipids, which are made up of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains, are the primary component of cellular membranes, including plasma membranes and interior membranes. The three-carbon molecule glycerol serves as the framework for these membrane lipids.What use does a cell membrane serve?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.learn more about cellular membrane here
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after the peptide chains shaped for its function it becomes a
Answer:
it becomes a biologically active protein in its native 3D structure.
On the nutrition facts panel, the content of which of these vitamins must be provided?
The vitamins and minerals that are required to be listed on every nutrition facts label are vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium.
The nutrition facts label is a label that lists the standardized and detailed serving size, calories, fibers, and nutritional content of a food.
In many countries, the fact label indicates the ingredients, nutrients vitamins and minerals that are present in the food.
These nutritional guides are really helpful as they not only educate the people but also help users to make knowledgeable choices about the food they buy.
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Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (nk) cells actively attack?
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, NK cells are the principal defenders against only tumor cells or virally infected cells.
What are NK cells?A particular class of immune cell that contains granules, or tiny particles, that contain enzymes that can destroy cancer cells or virus-infected cells. White blood cells, or NK cells, are one type of them. known as NK-LGL and natural killer cell, respectively.
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that regulate various tumour types and bacterial infections by preventing their growth and subsequent tissue damage.
Human NK cells are created from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and as they transition from being CD56high to CD56low, KIRs, CD57, and NKG2C are expressed on terminally differentiated NK cells. During this time, NKG2A is gradually lost.
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True or false: all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the greater will be the need for external financing.
False: all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the greater will be the need for external financing.
What is external financing?External financing is money raised by a company from outside sources, rather than through its profits.
External financing is also any kind of business funding you acquire from sources outside the company.
Examples include;
Bank loans,grants,selling company shares, etcThus, all other things staying the same, the lower the rate of growth in sales or assets, the lower will be the need for external financing.
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An acquired condition (in older children and adults) that is due to a deficiency in the secretion of thyroid hormones is called _______________.
An acquired condition (in older children and adults) that is due to a deficiency in the secretion of thyroid hormones is called Hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone is the hormone that regulates your body's metabolism, or how your body converts the food you ingest into energy. Thyroid hormone is made up of the two primary hormones released by your thyroid, thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid hormone is well known for regulating metabolism, growth, and a variety of other body activities. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a self-regulatory circuit composed of the thyroid gland, anterior pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. The thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism inflammation.
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Sally notices that after it rains, water beads up on the surface of many leaves of the
plants in her garden. she believes this is due to surface tension. which properties are
actually responsible for this phenomenon?
cohesion and high density of ice
o polarity of water and adhesion
polarity of water and cohesion
cohesion and adhesion
The property of polarity of the water and cohesion could be the actual responsible for the beading up of water on the surface of leaves.
What is cohesion?
Cohesion, also known as cohesive attraction or cohesive force, is the action or quality of like molecules sticking together and being attracted to one another (from the Latin cohaesi, "cohesion, unity"). The uneven distribution of surrounding electrons that results when molecules are close to one another creates electrical attraction, which can keep a small structure like a water drop in place. This attribute of a substance is caused by the shape and structure of its molecules. Surface tension is made possible by cohesion, resulting in a "solid-like" state that allows for the placement of light or low-density materials.
It turns out that the tendency of water molecules to attract one another, or the tendency of cohesion, is what causes surface tension. The "lowest energy state," or the state in which the atoms in the molecule are utilizing the least amount of energy, is when a water drop takes on its natural form. This condition of water occurs when a water molecule forms a sphere or ball and is encircled by other water molecules on all sides. On Earth, gravity flattens this perfect sphere into the form of a drop that we can perceive.
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Pathologic anatomy examines all anatomic changes resulting from _____________.
Pathologic anatomy examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease
Disease is the condition of the body when normal conditions are absent that is hindering the normal functioning of the body.
Anatomy is the field of biological sciences that are concerned with internal structures of the living organisms. It is divided into many branches- microscopic anatomy, human anatomy, embryology, comparative anatomy, phytotomy, zootomy, etc.
Pathologic anatomy is a branch of anatomy that deals with the examination of the diseases based on macroscopic as well as microscopic examination of the cells and the tissues.
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The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.
The correct option is A i.e that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
What is polypeptides ?
A polypeptide is a peptide chain that is longer, continuous, and unbranched. Therefore, along with nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others, peptides belong to the large chemical families of biological polymers and oligomers.
A protein is a polypeptide that has more than 50 amino acids, on average. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptides that are structured in a biologically useful manner. Proteins are frequently coupled to other proteins, other macromolecules like DNA or RNA, or complex macromolecular assemblies.
A polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids, whereas a peptide is two or more amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. One or more polypeptides can be found in proteins. Proteins are therefore extensive strands of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Question:
The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is
A) that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
B) the functional group of one amino acid joins with the carboxyl end of another via covalent bonds; proteins and polypeptides are the same things.
C) amino acids are joined via their hydroxyl groups with covalent bonds and many proteins make up a polypeptide.
D) polypeptides form via hydrolysis, forming hydrogen bonds between amino acids; proteins have a functional group whereas polypeptides do not.
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Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______. select all that apply.
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a cell wall.
Cell walls are a protective layer that is rigid and only partially permeable on some types of cells. This outer layer is located near the cell membrane in the majority of plant cells as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea (plasma membrane).
Animal cells, however, do not have a cell wall. The cell wall of a cell performs a number of essential functions, including support, construction, and defence.
Depending on the organism, the cell wall's makeup varies. The vast majority of a plant's cell wall is made up of sturdy cellulose fibres. Cellulose, a substance used in the production of paper, is found in large quantities in both wood and cotton fibre. The walls of bacterial cells are composed of a polymer of sugar and amino acids called peptididoglycan.
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There are more than 6,000 marine-protected areas (mpas) worldwide accounting for approximately ______ percent of the world's surface ocean.
Only 4.8 percent of the global ocean is protected by MPAs, with 2 percent of that total designated as highly or fully protected areas.
What is a Marine Protected Area?An instrument of spatially based management and conservation intended to lessen human impact on populations, communities, and habitats, typically with a fishing-related focus.
In reefal environments, typical bioturbators include crustaceans, annelid worms (polychaetes, oligochaetes, etc.), gastropods, bivalves, holothurians, fish, and numerous other infaunal and epifaunal organisms that feed on, burrow into, and rework sediment particles in the uppermost sediment layers.
The ability of MPAs to safeguard marine ecosystems and other marine resources is constrained, despite their advantages. The percentage of oceans that are protected globally is only about 1%.
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Microbes were first considered for bioremediation after marjory stephenson observed that they were digesting enormous quantities of waste from a sugar beet factory. the waste was accumulating in?
Wastewater, pollutants, and solid waste from sugar mills have an effect on the environment. And it accumulates in river water. Sludge that are washed from mills into freshwater bodies.
What is Bioremediation?
A subfield of biotechnology called “bioremediation” uses living things like bacteria and microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments.
It is used to clean up poisons, pollutants, and other contaminants from water, soil, and other habitats. A developing technology called bioremediation.
Conjunction with other physical and chemical treatment techniques to effectively handle a variety of environmental contaminants.
Using multidisciplinary technology will make it easier to predict the availability and biodegradation of contaminants in any natural or artificial system, human health posed by different environmental pollutants.
Therefore, river water were digesting enormous quantities of waste from a sugar beet factory to accumulate.
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Which statement is a hypothesis that would best address the
question, "Are fewer monarchs migrating to Mexico because
many are dying as caterpillars from starvation?"
O Monarch butterflies are likely migrating to different
regions instead of Mexico.
O If monarch caterpillars are dying from starvation, then
reducing predators will help the population recover.
O If fewer monarchs are arriving in Mexico, then
scientists will find larger populations elsewhere.
O If monarch caterpillars are dying from starvation, then planting more milkweed will help the population
recover.
The hypothesis that fewer monarchs migrating to Mexico because many are dying as caterpillars from starvation is best suited by the statement that monarch caterpillars are dying from starvation, then planting more milkweed will help the population recover.
The monarch butterfly or simply monarch is a milkweed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. Monarch butterflies migrate over extraordinary distances. Monarch butterflies spend the winter in Mexico and along the California coast in North America. A monarch butterfly has a 2,700-mile range (4,345 km).
Pesticides, such as the poisonous neonicotinoids and herbicides that are wiping off the milkweed plants necessary for their survival, as well as urbanization and climate change are all threats to monarch butterflies.
Hence, by planting more milkweed plants their food resources would be replenished nd hence the larva can feed up properly and this will help in increase of their population.
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In addition to burning fossil fuels, humans return co2 to the atmosphere faster than it can be removed by:__________
In addition to burning fossil fuels, humans return co2 to the atmosphere faster than it can be removed by plants.
What are fossil fuels?Fossil fuels are created from decaying plants and animals. These fuels may be burned to provide energy and are present in the crust of the Earth. Fossil fuels include things like coal, oil, and natural gas.
Fossil fuels are used to create energy; they are burned in homes to create heat, in huge power plants to create electricity, and they are also used to power engines.
Fossil fuel air pollution can result in acid rain, eutrophication (extra nutrients that can impact aquatic ecosystems by lowering oxygen levels), damage to crops and forests, and harm to wildlife. Fossil fuels contribute to water pollution through oil spills and fracturing fluids.
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What is shown in the image?
The Flagella are prolongation of the cell used to move on liquid environments. Option A) prokaryote.
What are flagella?The Flagella are mobile prolongation of the cell. They are organs used by bacteria and some eukaryotic cells to propel in a liquid environment. It is an organ with a motion function.
According to the attached definition and classification, we can assume the cell in the image is a lophotrichous bacteria. Option A) prokaryote.
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The ________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
The cytoplasm is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus. The cytoplasm is anything between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells with nuclei. The cytoplasm in prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus it simply refers to the anything contained inside the plasma membrane.
The lipid bilayer that surrounds the entire cell is known as the cell cytoplasm membrane. The nuclear membrane, on the other hand, completely encircles the nucleus. The cell membrane is a single the continuous sheet. The cell membrane controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.
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A hormone that has as its primary function the regulation of hormone secretion by another endocrine gland is classified functionally as a(n):__________
A hormone that has as its primary function the regulation of hormone secretion by another endocrine gland is classified functionally as a tropic. The endocrine system's glands create chemical messengers called hormones, which travel through the blood to various regions of the body.
The pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands are all important endocrine glands. The endocrine system is comprised of various organs known as glands. Hormones are created and secreted (released) by these glands, which are situated throughout your body. Endocrine glands include the following: The adrenal glands are two glands located on top of the kidneys that produce the hormone cortisol.
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The tactile system is actually made up of two distinct skin senses. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The assumption that the tactile system consists of two different skin senses is false.
The tactile sensory systemWe can sense, perceive, organise, and integrate information using the tactile system, which is a component of the nervous system, by using the skin's receptors. The first sense system to form while a child is within the womb is the touch system.What functions do the tactile sensory organs perform?The tactile system is what you can feel with your hands. It's how humans experience the full range of touch sensations, such as pain, temperature, vibrations, and textures. Our bodies have skin-based sensors that communicate with our brains in various ways. We are informed by these indications of what and when we have touched something.learn more about skin senses here
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Answer:
its false
edge2022
The classic steps for identifying an endocrine gland include removing the suspected gland, replacing the hormone, and which other step?
The glands that make up the endocrine system are a collection of organs. These glands, which can be found all over the body, produce and secrete hormones.
Hormones are substances that communicate with your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through your blood to coordinate various bodily functions. These messages instruct your body on what to do when. The endocrine system is made up of several glands. Your brain contains the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal glands. Your neck contains the parathyroid and thyroid glands. The pancreas is located beneath your stomach, the adrenals are on top of the kidneys, and the thymus is situated between your lungs.
Your body's endocrine system constantly checks the level of hormones in your blood. In order to transmit their messages, hormones target specific cells and lock into them. When your hormone levels increase, the pituitary gland signals other glands to stop manufacturing and releasing hormones. The pituitary gland has the ability to tell other glands to manufacture and release additional hormone when levels fall below a certain threshold. Homeostasis is a process that functions similarly to your home's thermostat.
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Place each attribute into the bin of the bacterial group it belongs to, based on whether the bacterium is a gram-positive or a gram-negative cell.
The attributes of the two categories of bacterial groups are given as follows:
Group A: Gram-positive bacterial cell wall:
thick layer of peptidoglycanteichoic acidssingle lipid bilayer membraneGroup B: Gram-negative bacterial cell wall:
thin layer of peptidoglycanperiplasmic spacelipopolysaccharidesdual lipid bilayer membranesWhat is a gram Negative Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall that is surrounded by an outer lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are encircled by peptidoglycan layers that are several times thicker than those seen in Gram-negative bacteria.
What is a gram Positive Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-positive bacteria's cell wall is a complex assembly of glycopolymers and proteins.
A thick peptidoglycan sacculus surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane and is adorned with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins.
What are the similarities and differences?Bacteria having thick cell walls are classified as Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms show positive in a Gram stain test. The chemical dye used in the test colors the bacterium's cell wall purple.
Gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand, do not. Instead, they stain pink.
Despite the fact that both types of bacteria can cause sickness, they require distinct therapies. If you have a bacterial illness, the Gram stain will tell you what sort of treatment you require.
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Full Question:
The thickness of this sugar-protein scaffold of peptidoglycan can be used to separate most bacteria into two groups. In your tutorial, you want to illustrate to the students that the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer can be used by microbiologists to differentiate many bacteria by only using an easy staining method that all microbiologists will have to master. This staining procedure, known as the Gram stain, is based on the retention of dyes within the cell wall for a positive result or the rinsing away of the dyes and leakage of the membrane for a negative result. A thicker cell wall will allow for retention of dye crystals that will give the bacterial cell a blue-purple color (positive result), but the thinner cell walls will not allow for the retention of these crystals during rinsing, which will mean that these cells will then be colorless unless another dye that does not require interaction with the cell wall to maintain its retention is used (negative result). In addition to differences in cell wall thickness, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria also differ in the proteins and lipids associated with their cell walls, as well as the composition of their cell membranes. Gram-positive walls are composed of an underlying cytoplasmic membrane, with the thick peptidoglycan layer on the outside offering support. Proteins anchor the membrane and the cell wall together to provide support and structure between the two. Gram-negative staining walls have a different layout. You try to explain in your tutorial that even though these bacteria stain "negative" they do have a thin layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched in between two lipid bilayer membranes.
Place each attribute into the bin of the bacterial group it belongs to, based on whether the bacterium is a Gram-positive or a Gram-negative cell.
When the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna. True or false.
It's false that when the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna.
Bones of forearm :Your forearm is made up of two bones, the radius and ulna. Most adult forearm fractures involve both shattered bones. In the middle of the forearm, at the upper (proximal) end closest to the elbow, or at the farthest (distal) end closest to the wrist, forearm fractures are possible.
Why are there 2 bones in the forearm?Functionally, the humerus and carpal bones, which are articulated with the radius and ulna as previously mentioned, serve as the main support structure of the forearm. Both bones act as the origin and insertion points for the muscles that bend and extend the fingers, wrist, and forearm.
Humerus bones :The largest bone in the upper extremity and the one that defines the human brachium is the humerus (arm). At the elbow joint, it articulates distally with the radius and ulna and proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral (GH) joint.
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