According to a recent analysis, the extinction of woolly mammoths and other huge animals more than 10,000 years ago was triggered by the same "trophic cascade" of ecosystem disturbance that top predators like wolves, cougars, and sharks are causing now. Researchers claim that this mass extinction was brought about by newly arriving humans tipping the scales of power and competing with powerful predators like sabre-tooth cats in a study that was just published in the journal Bioscience. A long-lasting equilibrium was upset, which could be the reason why two-thirds of North America's huge mammals disappeared during this time. Ripple stated, "We think the evidence suggests that substantial ecosystem changes, leading to these domino consequences, can be induced either by removing or introducing a major predator. "The difficulties may have started by adding a predator, in this case, humans, much as they did with woolly mammoths and sabre-tooth cats," says the author.
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What possible uses do computerized devices have in optometry?
Coputerized devices are used to detect glaucoma, precise the cataract procedure and check for retinal tears.
What are the tools used by optometrists?Regular people may find the tools used by optometrists daunting, which is why many avoid or persistently put off getting their yearly eye exams. However, these tools are quick, effective, and incredibly accurate at determining the condition of the eye.
The common instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to perform eye exams are listed below.
TonometerPhoropterRetinoscopeAutorefractorSnellen ChartRetinal CameraOphthalmoscopeVT 1 Vision ScreenerLearn more about the optometry with the help of the given link:
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A bag contains 6 clear marbles and 4 red marbles one marble is drawn from the bag and replaced a second marble is drawn from the bag and replaced what is the probability of getting a clear marble the first time and a red marble the second time
Answer:
4/25
Explanation:
bag contains 6 clear marbles and 4 red marbles = 6+4=10
chance of red marble = 4/10
4/10=2/5
Now, probability of getting a red marble the first time AND a red marble the second time = (2/5) x (2/5)=4/25
Mutations in ______ (or sex cells) would have no adverse health effect on an individual; however, the mutations could be passed on to offspring.
Mutations in gamete (or sex cells) would have no adverse health effect on an individual; however, the mutations could be passed on to offspring.
What is Mutation?A mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA at a particular gene locus. It creates a permanent change in gene's DNA sequence. Genetic variations are essential for humans to evolve, which is the process of change over generations. Mutations is result of errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
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What major cities are located near the San Andreas Fault?
Hey! Here is the pictures of the cities that are near the fault!
In what order does initiation of dna replication proceed (from 1 = first to 4 = last)?
The correct order of DNA replication is: (2) DNA unwinds at the origin of replication; (4) Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both direction; (3) Primase synthesizes RNA primers; and (1) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.
DNA replication is the process where the copies of DNA are formed. The process occurs inside the nucleus of the cell in eukaryotes. The replication occurs in 5' to 3; direction. One leading and one lagging strands are formed.
DNA Polymerase is the main enzyme involved in DNA replication. There are three types of DNA polymerase in prokaryotes while in eukaryotes there are 5 types.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
In what order does initiation of DNA replication proceed (from 1 = first to 4 = last)?
(1) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.
(2) DNA unwinds at the origin of replication.
(3) Primase synthesizes RNA primers.
(4) Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both direction.
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In _____________ molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
In diffusion molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
What is diffusion ?The net movement of anything, typically from a place of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, is known as diffusion. A gradient in the Gibbs free energy or chemical potential drives diffusion.
What is diffusion process of cell?In order to achieve equilibrium, diffusion is the random movement of molecules with a net direction toward areas of lower concentration. When tiny molecules travel through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, simple passive diffusion takes place.
Examples of diffusion :The mingling of two substances as a result of the motion of their particles is known as diffusion. Diffusion is demonstrated by the way a room fills with the scent of perfume.Due to the huge particle spacing and high kinetic energy, gases spread quickly.To know more about kinetic energy visit :
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The non-mendelian inheritance pattern observed in snail coiling is most related to ______.
The non Mendelian inheritance pattern observed in snail coiling is most related to maternal inheritance.
Why is genetic inheritance important?Genetic inheritance is necessary for evolutionary change. It describes how genes are passed from one generation to the next.It might consequently initially seem surprising then, that genetic inheritance itself is rarely inculded in life research.
The phenotype controlled by organelle genes exhibit maternal inheritance.The classic phenotype which exhibits maternal effects is coiling direction of snail shell.The phenotype that is seen in the offspring is controlled by the genotype of the mother.
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The pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone is called the ________.
The pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone is called the mons pubis
The pubic bone is protected by a fatty cushion called the mons pubis. The mons, or mons veneris in females, is another name for it. Although both have a mons pubis, females tend to have it more pronounced.
Females tend to have a large mound of tissue that is typically covered in pubic hair. During sexual contact, the mons pubis serves as a source of cushioning. Sebaceous glands that release pheromones to promote physical attraction are also found in the mons pubis.
The mons pubis is a part of the vulva. This is the rounded region in the bottom portion of the belly that is in front of the pubic bones (abdomen). At puberty, it grows hair all over it. The vulva has two skin folds.
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Some organisms in the phylum mollusca can communicate through pigmented cells, called ____________________.
Some organisms in the Phylum Mollusca can communicate through pigmented cells called chromatophores.
Chromatophores are pigment containing cells that produce colour. Chromatophores can be found in a wide range of animals including reptiles, fish, cephalopods and amphibians. Cephalopods, under the phylum Mollusca often use their chromatophores for communication and as a type of camouflage.
Based on their colour under white light, chromatophores can be grouped into; erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), leucophores (white) and cyanophores (blue).
The octopus and other members of the phylum Mollusca change their colours through complex chromatophore organs controlled by muscles.
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What is one of the simplest checks for overall mobility, and is commonly used by usa weightlifting for athlete preparation, and to test readiness for the snatch specifically?
Apley's test ,Toe touch test Overhead squat Sit and reach flexibility test 66.The Apley scratch take a look at is a shoulder flexibility, used to assess the power and mobility of your shoulder joint. The also can be used to evaluate the variety of motion (ROM) of your shoulder, inclusive of flexion and extension.The Apley returned scratch particularly assessments the mobility of your shoulders. The intention of the shoulder flexibility take a look at is to save you hyperextension of the joint.
Hyperextension can cause an acute or continual damage of the rotator cuff muscle group, inclusive of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These rotator cuff accidents may be due to repetitive movements, including the ones worried with swimming, tennis, volleyball, racquetball, or any game that calls for throwing or catching.1
Monitoring assessments are normally used to evaluate weightlifter’s preparedness for competition. Although diverse tracking assessments were used, it isn't always clean which take a look at is the most powerful indicator of weightlifting performance.
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list precautions used in the science laboratory to minimize the following risks
a) poisoning
b) scalding
c) eye damage
Answer:
Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
Minimize all chemical exposures.
Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers.
Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.
Explanation:
Approximately how many kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material?
Approximately 0.1 kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material.
What is a Carnivore?A Carnivore may be defined as a type of animal that significantly depends or feed primarily or exclusively on an animal matter like flesh or meat. Such types of animals are lions, tigers, etc.
According to Lindemann's 10% law, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other. For example, if a field plot contains 1000 kg of plant material, the primary consumer occupies 100 kg of biomass, secondary consumers occupy 10 kg of biomass, tertiary consumers occupy 1 kg of biomass, and quaternary consumers occupy 0.1 kg of biomass.
Therefore, approximately 0.1 kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material.
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CCC Cause and Effect What would happen to the probabilities of yellow and green seeds if one parent were homozygous recessive and the other were homozygous dominant?
Answer:
He proved that an organism inherits alleles ("factors") that control which traits are expressed and that these alleles could be dominant or recessive.
The grouping that includes turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, birds, and bats is: _____.
A. polyphyletic.
B. monophyletic.
C. paraphyletic.
Option(B) monophyletic is the right answer.
The grouping that includes turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, birds, and bats is monophyletic.
What is monophyletic?A monophyletic taxon is a collection of organisms that includes both the most recent common ancestor of all the creatures in the group as well as all of their offspring. Another name for a monophyletic taxon is a clade. Angiosperms, mammals, birds, insects, etc. are few examples.How are monophyletic groups recognized?A group of species that is monophyletic comprises all of its progeny as well as the common ancestor they all share. A monophyletic group on a phylogenetic tree consists of a node and all of its offspring, represented by both nodes and terminal taxa.What distinguishes a group from a paraphyletic group or a polyphyletic group?Monophyletic: All of the ancestor's offspring are included in the monophyletic group. Paraphyletic: The paraphyletic group does not include all of the ancestor's offspring. Polyphyletic: The members of a polyphyletic group do not all descend from the same ancestor. Monophyletic A common ancestor exists in monophyletic groups.To learn more about monophyletic group visit:
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How often should neurologic assessments and vital signs be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tpa)?
Neurologic assessments and vital signs need to be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) each regular 15 min (15 minutes).
What is the tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)?The tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a factor used or to trigger the natural process of breakdown of blood clots during coagulation, which may be very useful to restore the normal blood flow to the brain after a stroke.
In conclusion, neurologic assessments and vital signs need to be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) each regular 15 min (15 minutes).
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A multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a(n):________
A multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a green plant.
What are plants?Plants are organisms that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis.
They are multicellular eukaryotes that includes chloroplasts in their cells, and have a cell wall.
Plants are regarded to be autotrophic in nutrition because they can synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis that takes place in their chloroplasts.
This suggests that a multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a green plant.
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For the polymerization of amino acids to form a protein, one would expect the entropy change in the reaction to be negative . this entropy change is expected because _________ .
For the polymerization of amino acids to form a protein, one would expect the entropy change in the reaction to be negative . this entropy change is expected because small monomers are joining to form polymer which decreases the degree of freedom.
Negative entropy change occurs when non-spontaneous change occur in the system. It means something which is more disordered will become less disordered hence energy will be required for the process.
As the monomers of the amino acids binds together to form a long polypeptide chain. It will lead to decrease in the degree of freedom of the amino acids molecule. Hence it can be called as negative entropy change.
Whenever monomers are joined together to form a macromolecule it will be show a negative entropy change.
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What is an example of a closed system?
1.An estuary where fresh and ocean water mix
2.A living single-celled organism such as a phytoplankton
3.A river that flows into the ocean
4.Water being heated in a pot with a lid
The example of closed system is water being heated in a pot with a lid. The correct option is 4.
What is a closed system?A closed system is a innate physical system that does not aid the transfer of matter into or out of the system, though energy transfer is permitted in contexts including physics, chemistry, and engineering.
A closed system on the earth is a heating water container with a lid. The only energy transfer occurs with the environment, not with the water.
Other examples encompass a simple water bottle or a closed frying pan, among others.
Thus, the correct option is 4.
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Answer:
The answer is D - Water being heated in a pot with a lid.
Explanation:
Closed systems are similar to open systems in a way; energy can enter and leave freely, however, unlike in open systems, matter cannot enter or leave a closed system. The Earth is a good example of this. The outer edge of the Earth's atmosphere acts as a boundary between the system, Earth, and the surroundings, or space. Energy is transferred between Earth and its surroundings, think solar, but matter does not enter or leave, unless you count the rare exceptions in which a meteor crashes into the earth or when a space shuttle leaves the Earth.
Stem cells that will form t lymphocytes mature in the stem cells that will form t lymphocytes mature in the:_____.
a. liver.
b. thymus.
c. bone marrow.
d. kidneys.
e. spleen.
Stem cells that will form t lymphocytes mature in the stem cells that will form t lymphocytes mature in the Thymus.
T cells proliferate and differentiate into memory T cells, helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic T cells in the thymus. After that, they are planted into perivascular tissues or moved around by the lymphatic or blood systems.
Thymus, pyramidal lymphoid organ located just below the sternum at the level of the heart in humans. The organ is called the thymus because its shape resembles that of a thyme leaf.
The organ is composed mainly of two types of cells called respectively lymphocytes and reticular cells. The reticular cells form a loose network like in a lymph node, while the spaces between them are filled with lymphocytes. The cortex, characterized by its high concentration of lymphocytes, is the site of intense lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocyte proliferation in the thymus is evenly distributed throughout the cortex and not in the germinal centers as is the case in other lymphoid tissues. Some of the daughter cells - called T cells (derived from the thymus) - produced in the cortex migrate to the marrow, where they enter the bloodstream through the medullary veins and join the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs.
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All living things are based on a
universal genetic code. What is this
genetic code called?
A. a cell
B. molecules
C. DNA
Answer:
C. DNA
Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, may look like a curly string
The ________, first proposed by francis crick, summarizes the relationships between dna, rna, and protein.
The fundamental doctrine describes the connection between DNA, RNA, and proteins and was first put forth by Francis Crick.
The fundamental tenet of molecular biology is the idea that genetic information can only move from DNA to RNA to protein or from RNA to protein directly. Cells create proteins through a process known as protein synthesis. Transcription and translation take place simultaneously. The conversion of genetic information from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus is known as transcription. Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages. The process of transcription involves moving genetic information from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages. Following processing, the mRNA transports the information to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome, which is made up of proteins and rRNA, is where translation happens. The mRNA's instructions are read during translation, and tRNA then transports the appropriate structure of a protein to the ribosome. rRNA then facilitates the formation of links seen between amino acids, resulting in a polypeptide chain. To create the finished protein, a polypeptide chain may go through additional processing after being created.
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Lu is from korea and pedro is from ecuador. lu and pedro share what percentage of their genes?
Lu and Pedro share 99.7 percentage of their genes,
Gene- The fundamental structural and operational component of heredity is a gene. DNA is the component of genes. Some genes serve as blueprints for the synthesis of proteins. Many genes do not, however, code for proteins. A few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases make up a gene in a person.
Heredity- The whole of biological mechanisms via which certain traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate. This knowledge may be handed on from one generation to the next thanks to DNA molecules.
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Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the ________.
Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the latch state.
What is muscle contraction?Muscle contraction is defined as an action potential travels along the nerves to the muscle. The beginning of muscle contraction occurs with signal generated from the nervous system. There are mainly two types of muscle contraction and the situation occur when a muscle contracts and a change in size takes place.
Isotonic concentric contraction is the type of muscle contraction in which muscle shortening takes place. Isotonic eccentric contraction is the type of muscle contraction in which the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension.
Therefore, Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the latch state.
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PLEASE HELP
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured as the volume of oxygen released by a
plant per minute. The number of bubbles of gas released per minute from waterweed is
counted.
a. The gas collected in this experiment is not pure oxygen. Suggest a reason for this.
b. The graphs below show the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at
different carbon dioxide concentrations. Explain what the graphs show.
In the given experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis;
the gas collected is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor.the graph shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases with increase in light intensity.What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plant use the energy of sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts which are membrane-bound organelles found in the leaves of plants,
The green pigment chlorophyll, found within the chloroplasts is the responsible for the reactions of photosynthesis.
The rate of photosynthesis increases with increase in the number of chloroplasts as well as with increase in the amount of sunlight.
Considering the experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant:
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured as the volume of oxygen released by a plant per minute. The number of bubbles of gas released per minute from waterweed is counted.
Oxygen gas as well as water vapor is collected above the test tube. therefore, the gas collected is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor.
The graph shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases with increase in light intensity.
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The fine adjustment knob on the microscope? locates the focus plane. fine-tunes the focus. all of the answer choices are correct. locates the specimen.
The fine adjustment knob on the microscope fine-tunes the focus.
What is a microscope?The human eye cannot see objects so small, thus a microscope is employed in laboratories to examine them.Microscopy is the study of small things and their structures under a microscope. Things that are microscopic are those that are difficult to perceive without a microscope.A technique to explain how a microscope interacts with a sample and produces images is to deliver an electron or light beam through the sample along its optical path, detect photon emissions from the sample, or use a probe to scan over and a short distance from the sample's surface. There are many different types of microscopes, and they can be categorized in a variety of ways.To learn more about the microscope, refer to the following link:
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Question
A student conducts an experiment to determine how the temperature of water affects the time for salt to dissolve in 100 mL of water. The student makes one measurement for each temperature.
What is one way that the student could improve the experiment?
perform multiple trials for each measurement instead of just one
perform one trial for each measurement but use a different volume of water for each test
use a different type of salt for each temperature of water
use a different timer for each temperature of water
Compact bone is characterized by many cylindrical osteons. osteons are formed by layers of nested cylinders each called a(n):____.
Compact bone is characterized by many cylindrical osteons. osteons are formed by layers of nested cylinders each called lamella.
What is compact bone?
The dense, hard outer layer of all bones in the human body is composed of compact bone, sometimes referred to as cortical bone. One of the two forms of bone tissue, compact bone serves largely to strengthen and protect bones. Spongy bone is the other form of bone tissue.
Lamella is the nested cylinders from which osteons are formed and than from this osteons the compact bone is characterized.
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Every chromosome contains numerous genes, and each cell contains approximately _____ genes.
a) 20,000
b) 10,000
c) 50,000
d) 70,000
Every chromosome contains numerous genes, and each cell contains approximately 20,000 genes.
Chromosome consist of long strands of DNA which forms the genetic material of the organisms. The DNA is interwinded with the help of histone and non histone protein to form the chromosome. Human cell have 23 pairs of chromosomes
Chromosomes is most prominent during the metaphase stage of cell division.
It contains all the genetic material that is needed to be transferred to the daughter cell.
Genes are segments of DNA that are present in the chromosomes and code for a particular protein that is having one or more function in the body. They form a part of the chromosome. We have around 20,000 genes.
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Which is the most common cell type of connective tissue proper?
a. macrophages
b. mast cells
c. dendritic cells
d. fibroblasts
Option (d) fibroblasts is the correct answer.
Fibroblast is the most common cell type of connective tissue proper.
The most prevalent form of connective tissue cells are fibroblasts. Both fibers and an amorphous ground substance are produced by them.What do connective tissue include?Loose connective tissue, also known as areolar tissue, and dense (irregular) connective tissue make up connective tissue proper. Dense regular connective tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood, and hematopoietic tissue are examples of specialized connective tissue types.Why is it referred to as proper connective tissue?The two forms of connective tissue that make up connective tissue proper are loose connective tissue and thick connective tissue. Specialized cells and distinct ground materials make up specialized connective tissues. Function: It gives the tissues mechanical and structural stability.To learn more about proper tissue connective visit:
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Infancy is a sensitive period in terms of brain development especially due to _____________________
Infancy is a sensitive period in terms of brain development especially due to its ability to adapt and learn from experiences.
Sensitive periods are the period in which an individual is more sensitive to various experiences and environments. He learns from his experiences and makes himself adapt to the environment. It occurs during prenatal and postnatal periods when development generally occurs slower. For example, a child learns his native language slowly while living in an environment and learns more experiences.
Sensitive periods in terms of brain development are when synapses and their neural routes are created earlier than other times. The formation of synapses and neural pathways is termed synaptogenesis. During this period, the brain prepares itself to learn from experiences and adapt itself to the environment.
An infant when exposed to a certain type of environment would develop his skills and intelligence accordingly. This is why it is often referred to as the sensitive period of development.
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