Transcription occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus of eukaryotes and produces Complementary strands from an template Strand.
What do you mean by Transcription?Transcription is the process of copying segment of DNA into RNA. The segment of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can incode protein are said to produce messenger RNA. Other segment of DNA are copied into RNA molecules called non coding RNA 's .
Transcription takes place in nucleus of Eukaryotes,it uses DNA as a template makes an RNA molecules.
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Simple reflexive motor responses to external stimuli rely primarily on the function of the ________, while motor behaviors that are voluntarily generated are the function of the ________.
Simple reflexive motor responses to external stimuli rely primarily on the function of the Spinal cord, while motor behaviors' that are voluntarily generated are the function of the motor cortex.
Spinal reflexes are those in which sensory impulses are received through receptors in the muscles, joints, and skin, and the neural circuitry responsible for the motor response is fully confined inside the spinal cord. Although the neural circuits that control spinal reflexes are basic, descending effects from higher brain areas frequently exploit these spinal circuits to produce more sophisticated behavior. Brian stem reflexes, such as gagging and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, operate on the same principles.
The brain controls all voluntary motions of the body. The motor cortex is one of the brain regions primarily engaged in controlling these voluntary movements. The motor cortex is found in the back of the frontal lobe, right before the central sulcus (furrow) that connects the frontal and parietal lobes. The motor cortex is split into two sections, Areas 4 and 6. Area 4 is commonly known as the main motor cortex; it runs along the central sulcus in a narrow strip.
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What was done to overcome the problem of the MSL landing?
Answer:
engineers designed the assembly to cut off the parachute, and use rockets for the final part of the landing sequence
Explanation:
space.com
Answer: "A parachute was used"
To solve the problem, engineers designed the assembly to cut off the parachute, and use rockets for the final part of the landing sequence. About 60 feet (18 m) above the surface, MSL's "sky crane" deployed. The landing assembly dangled the rover below the rockets using a 20-foot (6 m) tether.
Explanation:
hope this helps
A blood alcohol content (bac) of ______ or higher produced driving impairment in all people.
A blood alcohol content (bac) of 0.5 or higher produced driving impairment in all people.
Blood Alcohol Content- The amount of alcohol in the blood or on the breath is known as the blood/breath alcohol concentration (BAC). The mass of ethanol, in grams, in 100 milliliters of blood or 210 liters of breath is used to measure blood alcohol content (BAC). Blood, urine, or breath tests can be used to determine BAC.
Blood alcohol levels depend on a variety of variables, including the quantity of drinks consumed, body weight, gender (females have greater blood alcohol levels than men when they consume the same amount of alcohol), and number of drinks.
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When individuals' genes may systematically relate to the types of environments they are exposed to, it is called?
When individuals' genes may systematically relate to the types of environments they are exposed to, it is called heredity-environment correlations.
Gene is the basic unit of inheritance. It encodes the information for any trait that is expressed by means of formation of proteins. Each gene can have its two or more alternative forms that are called allele. These alternative forms are the result of mutations.
Heredity-environment correlation is the effect on a gene due to hereditary and environmental factors and the result that emerges out of it. These correlations can have three mechanisms: (a) Passive gene-environment correlation; (b) Evocative (or reactive) gene–environment correlation; and (c) Active gene–environment correlation.
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Water is a polar molecule that exhibits the properties of adhesion and cohesion. identify the examples as either cohesion, adhesion, or both.
Water is a polar molecule and exhibits both properties of adhesion and cohesion.
Water molecules possess strong cohesive forces due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another. Cohesion is the scientific term for molecules' affinity towards other molecules of their sort. Surface tension, a phenomenon that causes a liquid's surface to have a tendency to resist rupturing when subjected to tension or stress, is caused by cohesive forces. Adhesion, which is the attraction of molecules of one kind to molecules of another kind, can be exceedingly powerful for water, especially when those other molecules have positive or negative charges. For instance, adhesion enables water to ascend through minute capillary tubes submerged in liquid. The capillary activity that causes this upward movement against gravity depends on interactions between water molecules (cohesion) also on the attraction of water molecules to the tube's glass walls (adhesion). We can infer from the surface tension and capillary action phenomena that water demonstrates both cohesion and adhesion qualities.
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What is the molecule (labeled a) that is removed from monomers during dehydration synthesis to create the disaccharide?
H₂O molecule (labeled a) that is removed from monomers during dehydration synthesis to create the disaccharide.
Dehydration synthesis :A water molecule is released during the process of making larger molecules out of smaller monomers, which is known as dehydration synthesis. This can be applied to the synthesis of big biological molecules like triglycerides and carbohydrate polymers, as well as artificial polymers such polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
The dehydration synthesis reaction is used in a wide range of biological or chemical activities. Examples include the conversion of monosaccharides like glucose into disaccharides like sucrose and the condensation of alcohol to produce ether. A dehydration synthesis reaction may be catalyzed by an acid.
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Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface. false true
Epithelial tissues have apical and basolateral surface which is separated by different cellular junctions.
What are epithelial tissues?Epithelial tissues forms the protective lining of various body surfaces. Various body cavities and several glands contain epithelial tissues.
Epithelial tissues are important because of their function of protection, secretion and absorption.
The general structure of epithelial tissues consists of a cell-membrane, nucleus and a cytoplasm.
Based on the number, epithelial tissues are classified as:
Simple epithelial cells - made up of single cell layer.Stratified epithelial cells- made up of multiple cell layers.Based on their shape, epithelial tissues are further classified into:
Simple squamous and stratified squamous epithelial cellsSimple columnar and stratified columnar epithelial cellsSimple cuboidal cellsCiliated columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelial cellsTransitional epithelial cells.Therefore, epithelial tissues are important in protecting the internal and external body organs.
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Which solution is most acidic?
A.pH=3
B.pH=7
C.pH=10
D.pH=14
Answer: A
Explanation: The lower pH is higher acidity, and 3 is the lowest so it is the most acidic.
She notices that the muscle cells are loaded with mitochondria while the macrophages have abundant lysosomes. why is this so?
The muscle cells are loaded with mitochondria to allow large amounts of ATP production while the macrophages have abundant lysosomes to digest the debris and dead organisms like bacteria.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of a cell. This is because most of the ATP production used by various systems in their operation is produced by mitochondria. A chemical called NADH is produced in the mitochondrial matrix through the Krebs cycle. The enzymes embedded in the mitochondrial membrane use this chemical to produce Adenosine Triphosphate, generally known as ATP.
Macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells involved in engulfing and killing pathogens. They are involved in the innate immune response of the body. Lysosomes have specialized enzymes that can kill these pathogens.
Muscle cells need to contract or expand for which they require energy. Thus, they have abundant mitochondria. Whereas, the macrophages have abundant lysosomes to help them kill disease-causing pathogens like a virus or bacteria.
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An algal bloom can have a drastic, and often detrimental, impact on ________ biomes.
Aquatic biomes can be severely affected by an algal bloom, frequently to their harm. Fish and other aquatic life may have a harder time finding food as a result of algae blooms, and whole populations may move away or even perish as a result.
Thick, green muck produced by harmful algal blooms has an adverse effect on clear water, leisure activities, companies, and property values.
The process of eutrophication, which happens when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients, increases the quantity of plant and algae development in estuaries and coastal waters, is what causes harmful algal blooms, dead zones, and fish kills.The excessive growth of algae in water bodies is referred to as eutrophication. Algal blooms are what are known as these phytoplankton masses or blooms.Blue-green algae blooms (also known as cyanobacteria, contaminated water supplies, and hypoxia are some of the known effects of cultural eutrophication.Learn more about algae here:
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A tissue has these characteristics; apical surface, simgle layer of tall narrow cells. brush border, goblet cells. what descriptors can define those characteristic?
C. secretion, absorption, simple epithelium, and columnar cells
The characteristic of the tissue which they have are secretion, absorption, simple epithelium, and columnar cells.
Secretion- The procedure of separating, developing, and releasing some substance that is either separated for excretion or has been functionally specialized (like saliva) (such as urine).
Absorption- The procedure through which nutrients are transferred into the blood from the digestive system for usage by the body.
Simple epithelium- A simple cellular layer makes up a simple epithelium. It serves as a lining for tubes, cavities in the body, and ducts. There are three forms of simple epithelium.
Columnar cells- The long, thin cells of columnar epithelial tissues resemble columns. These are typically seen in mucus-secreting areas, such the stomach. Additionally, they may be trained to pick up sensory data from the nose and taste receptors on our tongue.
The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question
Q. A tissue has these characteristics: apical surface, single layer of tall narrow cells, brush border, goblet cells. What descriptors illustrate what this tissue should be capable of doing or being?
1. secretion
2. absorption
3. simple epithelium
4. stratified epithelium
5. squamous cells
6. columnar cells
7. cuboidal cells
8. movement
A.1, 3, 6, 8
B.2, 3, 5, 8
C.1, 2, 3, 6
D.2, 4, 7, 8
E.1, 2, 4, 7, 8
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When the brain is deprived of oxygen, the mitochondria within neurons stop producing atp. what effect does this have on the membrane potential? why?
The neuronal membrane potential depends on different concentrations of sodium and potassium on either side of the membrane. Ionic concentration gradients are established by the action of the sodium-potassium ion pump, an enzyme that requires ATP. Without ATP, the pump will not function. As a result, the resting membrane potential will not exist and the brain will not function.
What is neuronal membrane?
The neuron and its ionic components can be treated using the ideas mentioned above.
The neuron's plasma membrane is only minimally permeable to Cl and Na+ and extremely permeable to K+. A balance between a high concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of Cl, as well as modest amounts of impermeant anions like bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate, is what keeps the extracellular fluid's electroneutrality. The concentration of Cl in the cytoplasm, where K+ concentration is high, is substantially lower than what is required to balance the sum of the positive charges. There, negatively charged impermeant proteins and phosphates keep the environment electroneutral.
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Which phrases apply to metamorphic rocks? Check all that apply.
Oform under extreme heat and pressure
form from existing rocks
Oform from magma and lava
Oform when sediments combine
Oform from volcanic eruptions
Answer:
Oform under extreme heat and pressure form from existing rocks
Oform when sediments combine
Oform from volcanic eruptions
Explanation:
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors. Conditions like these are found deep within the Earth or where tectonic plates meet.Sedimentary rock may be broken down into sediment once again by weathering and erosion. It may also form another type of rock. If it becomes buried deep enough within the crust to be subjected to increased temperature and pressure, it may change into metamorphic rock.
Answer:
from under extreme heat and pressure, form from existing rocks
Explanation:
thats just the correct answers
Neuroscientists study the nervous systems of other animals such as slugs, snails, fruit flies, rats, and monkeys because they believe that:_______
Neuroscientists study the nervous systems of other animals such as slugs, snails, fruit flies, rats, and monkeys Because they believe that since all species are linked, therefore all nervous systems are related and we may learn about the human brain by studying other animals, neuroscientists examine the neurological systems of other animals including slugs, snails, fruit flies, rats, and monkeys.
What are neuroscientists?A scientist who specializes in neuroscience is referred to as a neuroscientist. Neuroscience is a branch of biology that investigates the physiology, biochemistry, psychology, anatomy, and molecular biology of neurons, neural circuits, and glial cells, especially their behavioral, biological, and psychological aspects in health and disease (or neurobiologist).
Camillo Golgi is an Italian doctor, neurologist, and the creator of the Golgi apparatus (1843–1926) The majority of neuroscientists work for for-profit, governmental, academic, or academic institutions to perform their research.
Neuroscientists frequently spend their time designing and carrying out scientific experiments that further our understanding of the nervous system and its function in research-focused careers. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research aims to increase our understanding of the nervous system.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
Any change in the promoter sequence will make in unrecognizable and hence the RNA polymerase will not be able to identify it. As a result, no RNA will ne transcribed.
Promoter sequences are the repetitive sequences in the DNA present upstream of the gene. These sequences are recognized by the proteins like RNA polymerase and the process of transcription begins. Any change in these sequences can stop the whole process of transcription.
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that begins the process of transcription. The enzyme is a composition of various subunits. Prokaryotes have only one RNA polymerase whereas eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases.
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Adenosine regulates synaptic activity through its actions on:___.
Adenosine regulates synaptic activity through its actions on presynaptic autoreceptors. Adenosine A1 receptors are expressed at a presynaptic locus withinside the BLA and that activation those receptors substantially inhibits glutamate launch possibility onto BLA pyramidal neurons.
The adenosine A2A receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that may be a most important goal of caffeine and vital for regulating myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary blood flow, and CNS neurotransmitters, hence a receptor of hobby for brand new drug development.
The adenosine A2A receptor is particularly gift with inside the brain, heart, lungs, and spleen. The adenosine A2B receptor has its most important distribution with inside the big gut and bladder, and the adenosine A3 receptor is gift inside the lungs, liver, brain, testis, and heart.
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If a gram stain was performed without the use of the 4th and final step, how would gram positive cells appear? assume the first three steps were completed properly.
If a gram stain was performed without the use of the 4th and final step, the gram positive cells would appear purple in this type of scenario.
What is Gram staining?
This refers to a staining method which employs the use of a dye-iodine complex in other to classify bacterial species into two large groups which are referred to as gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.
The fourth step is referred to as the decolorizing stage in which the sample are washed with ethyl alcohol or acetone which leads to the dehydration and tightening of the peptidoglycan layer.
In the case of the gram positive bacteria, it will remain purple due to the decolorizer not being able to penetrate the peptidoglycan while in the case of gram negative bacteria, it will turn pink or red.
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Bladder wrack grows more quickly than saw wrack.
Suggest an explanation why.
Answer: The bladders hold lots of air.
how much light per day should be used to provide energy for a spaceship
No, light or electric power has thrust so it can not be used while to provide energy for a spaceship 11,000 fuel pounds per second is used.
Electric power :The rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit is referred to as its power. The watt is the SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second. Watts, like other SI units, have standard suffixes: thousands, millions, and billions of watts are referred to as kilowatts, megawatts, and gigawatts, respectively. This aids in the conductivity of electricity by directing the flow of electrons, allowing them to move uniformly while simultaneously producing a positive charge known as an electrical current.
Types of electricity :For electricity generation, the three major categories of energy are fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources. The majority of electricity is produced by steam turbines powered by fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy.
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How and why have humans modified the ecosystem in the everglades? what have the intended and unintended consequences been?
The humans modified the ecosystem within the everglades because US Army CORPS of engineers built a levee around Lake Okeechobee, which drained about 1/3 of the Everglades.
Reason :This then cause building canals, and more levees which then create more acreage to grow crops (such as sugarcane).If the wetlands suffer, so do humans will. Humans are a part of the Everglades ecosystem because they depend on it for survival. the shortage of biodiversity caused by invasive plant species, which is in a position to spread throughout new ecosystems, means humans may lose access to good jobs, and safe water supplies for drinking and farming.
Steps for improvement :So, humans are presumably working to improve the Everglades to protect their tourism industries and water supplies. it's intended to restore, protect, and preserve the Everglades by capturing freshwater that flows unaccustomed the ocean and the gulf, and redirect it to areas that require it most for environmental restoration. because the Everglades become a more livable environment, it'll be easier for species to recover or restore along with the land.
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Select the correct answer.
In a lab, a group of students measured the temperature at which various substances boiled. Their results are listed in the table.
Accepted Value (°C) Measurement in Lab (°C)
seawater 100.7 101.8
mercury 359.6 370.0
jet fuel 163.0 165.9
ethanol (alcohol) 78.4 81.8
Which measurement has the highest percent error?
seawater
mercury
jet fuel
ethanol
ethanol has maximum 4.3% error in the sample
Equation for percent error = (Measurement value - accepted value)/accepted value x100
for seawater :
Accepted Value 100.7 101.8
percent error = 101.8-100.7 ÷ 100.7 × 100
= 1.09%
for mercury :
Accepted Value 359.6 Measurement value 370.0
percent error = 370.0 - 359.6 ÷ 359.6 × 100
= 2.89%
for jet fuel :
Accepted Value 163.0 Measurement value 165.9
percent error = 165.9 - 163.0 ÷ 163.0 × 100
= 1.77%
for ethanol (alcohol) :
Accepted Value 78.4 Measurement value 81.8
percent error = 81.8 - 78.4 ÷ 78.4 × 100
= 4.3%
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Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______, whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______.
Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes develop and mature whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes are stimulated.
What are lymphoid tissues?Lymphoid tissues are tissue which form part of the lymphatic system of the body.
The lymphatic system is the system of the body which is concerned with the production of the immune cells and in which the lymph circulates.
The primary lymphoid tissues are the bone marrow and thymus where there lymphocyte develop and mature.
The secondary lymphoid tissue include the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and Peyer's patches and are the sites where lymphocytes are stimulated.
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Note that the complete question is given as:
Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes ____, whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes ____.
a. are stimulated; develop and mature
b. encounter pathogens; undergo apoptosis
c. develop and mature; become stimulated
d. undergo clonal selection; differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells
e. die; are phagocytosed after death
A protein that increases the transcription of a gene in response to a specific environmental stimulus best exemplifies which type of protein function?
The function of this protein is to regulate the internal environment when it experiences the external stimulus.
What molecules increase the transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus?Activators are the type of proteins that increase the transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus. We can also say that an activator turn on a gene while on the other hand, Inducers are the small molecules that either activate or repress the process of transcription protein that depends on the needs of the cell and the availability of substrate.
So we can conclude that the function of this protein is to regulate the internal environment when it experiences the external stimulus.
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_____is defined as the exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.
Answer: Respiration
Explanation: Respiration is the process in which organisms exchange gases between their body cells and the environment. From prokaryotic bacteria and archaeans to eukaryotic protists, fungi, plants, and animals, all living organisms undergo respiration. Respiration may refer to any of the three elements of the process.
It is possible for a repressor to negatively regulate the expression of an operon because?
It is possible for a repressor to negatively regulate the expression of an operon because option(c) i.e, the repressor binding site overlaps the promoter site of the operon allowing it to physically block the binding of RNA polymerase.
An operon is a collection of genes that are all translated into a single messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which in turn encodes a number of different proteins (Fig. 16.11). In prokaryotes, this type of polycistronic mRNA is commonly seen.
This characteristic enables coordinated control of protein production in response to cellular requirements. The operon enables the cell to conserve energy, which is a crucial component of an organism's life strategy. It does this by giving the cell the tools to create proteins only when and where they are needed.
operon, a genetic regulatory system present in bacteria and their viruses and characterized by the clustering along the DNA of genes encoding functionally related proteins. This characteristic enables coordinated control of protein production in response to cellular requirements.
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The complete question is:
It is possible for a repressor to negatively regulate the expression of an operon because:
a. the repressor induces the expression of inducer.
b. one of the genes expressed in the operon negatively regulates the repressor.
c. the repressor binding site overlaps the promoter site of the operon allowing it to physically block the binding of RNA polymerase.
d. the repressor binding site on the DNA overlaps with the translation start site.
You are observing an organism under the microscope and you note that it has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. your prediction would be that this organism is a(n) ______.
Answer:
Observing an organism under the microscope which has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. your prediction would be that this organism is a(n) fungus.
Explanation:
Each species of the eukaryotic category of organisms, which also covers the more well-known mushrooms and microbes like yeast and mold, is referred to as fungi. Apart from the different other eukaryotic kingdoms, which according to one classification contain Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, as well as Chromista, these species are categorized as a kingdom.
Chitin in their cell walls distinguishes fungi mostly from plants, bacteria, as well as certain protists, putting them in a unique kingdom. Like mammals, fungi consume dissolved substances by absorbing them; normally, they do this by releasing digestive enzymes towards their surroundings. The majority of fungi are not toxic, however some of them can be. There are two types of fungal infections: primary and parasitic. Systemic infections are ones that spread throughout the body, whereas localized infectingifons are diseases that only affect one location.
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The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the:________
The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the germ theory
In medicine, germ theory is the belief that certain illnesses are caused by the body's attack by micro - organisms that are too small to see without a microscope.
The germ theory of disease indicates that micro - organisms like viruses, protozoa, bacteria, or fungi cause many diseases. The growth and reproduction of microorganisms cause these diseases.
Louis Pasteur developed the germ theory of disease. He also carried out a number of experiments to demonstrate the link between diseases and microorganisms.
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The golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures?.
The golgi complex package cellular products that will be exported from the cell into secretary vesicle structure.
What does the golgi apparatus export?A golgi apparatus is a organelle that helps process and package protein and lipid molecules , especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell .
Secretory vesicle stores molecules and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus until the cell is ready to release them .
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A product of the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids, ____, is converted to ____ and enters the ____ cycle.
A product of the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids, Propionyl-CoA, is converted to succinyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle.
What is oxidation ?Redox reactions involve a change in the oxidation state of the substrate. Oxidation is the process of losing electrons or increasing an element's oxidation state. Reduction can occur when an element or one of its constituent atoms gains electrons or has their oxidation status decreased.
When an object comes into touch with oxygen or another oxidizer, a chemical reaction occurs. Rust and the brown color of a sliced apple are both examples of oxidation.
How is oxidation occur ?When an atom, molecule, or ion loses one or more electrons during a chemical reaction, oxidation takes place. The chemical species' oxidation state increases while oxidation takes place. Oxygen is not always necessary for oxidation to occur. The phrase was initially used when oxygen produced an electron loss during a process.
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Tetracycline is an antibiotic that works by binding to the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. this drug is able to cross the cell membrane because:_____
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that works by binding to the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. This drug is able to cross the cell membrane because as a weak base, it can cross the membrane in its uncharged form.
Tetracycline, an antibiotic, inhibits protein synthesis in what way?Tetracyclines prohibit aminoacyl-tRNA from joining the bacterial ribosome, hence inhibiting the production of bacterial proteins. Therefore, depending on whether the vulnerable organism is a gram positive or gram negative, these molecules must pass through one or more membrane systems in order to engage with their targets. Tetracyclines travel via the OmpF and OmpC porin channels of gram-negative enteric bacteria as positively charged cation-tetracycline coordination complexes, most likely magnesium. The Donnan potential draws the cationic metal ion-antibiotic complex across the outer membrane, causing it to accumulate in the periplasm. There, the metal ion-tetracycline complex is likely to dissociate to release uncharged tetracycline, a weakly lipophilic molecule that can diffuse through the lipid bilayer regions of the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane.Learn more about the Tetracycline with the help of the given link:
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