The total amount of energy converted by photosynthetic organisms minus the energy used in their own metabolic activities is Net primary productivity.
What is net primary productivity?The difference between the quantity of carbon produced through photosynthesis and the amount of energy consumed for respiration is the amount of carbon retained in an ecosystem (increase in biomass) Source. The pace at which all plants in an ecosystem create net usable chemical energy is known as net primary productivity (NPP). Gross primary productivity (GPP) measures how much biomass is saved and collected by primary producers for energy conservation. NPP is the distinction between cellular respiration and GPP.
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The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.
The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on prevention of psychological disorders rather than on treatment only.
What is gene therapy?Utilizing a gene or genes to treat, prevent, or cure a disease or medical condition is known as gene therapy. Gene therapy frequently involves replacing a damaged gene in a patient's cells with a healthy copy of that gene or inserting new copies of a damaged gene. Ex vivo, in vivo, and in situ gene therapy are the three main subtypes. Ex vivo gene therapy involves removing the patient's affected cells and modifying them genetically, either by introducing the therapeutic gene or through other means, to rectify the disease's phenotype. Gene therapy aims to address genetically based disorders (the source).Learn more about the Gene therapy with the help of the given link:
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As in most areas of biology, the study of mitosis and the cell cycle involves a lot of new terminology. Knowing what the different terms mean is essential to understanding and describing the processes occurring in the cell. True or false?.
When a parent cell divides to create two identical daughter cells, the process of the nuclear division known as mitosis takes place in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis refers particularly to the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in the nucleus during cell division.
There are many terminologies related to mitosis which add value to the process and make it easy to understand and some of these terms are:
Two identical DNA molecules, known as Sister chromatids are created by DNA replication and separate during mitosis.The Centromere is the area where the identical DNA molecules are most closely bound to one another after chromosomes condense.Microtubules connect to chromosomes at the Kinetochore during mitosis.In dividing cells, the Interphase is when the majority of the cell's growth takes place.The early stages of mitosis give rise to a microtubule-based cell structure called the Mitotic spindle, which is involved in cell division.The majority of the nucleus is occupied by a compound of DNA and protein known as Chromatin during interphase.The majority of eukaryotes split their nuclei first, and then the rest of the cell divides after Cytokinesis.The organizing hubs for the microtubules that separate the chromosomes during mitosis are called centrosomes.To learn more about mitosis visit the link:
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In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for __________________, focusing on those areas of dna that are thought to be involved in the disorder
In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences.
What is DNA?The DNA is the genetic material that is found in human beings. The DNA of a person contains the information that could be passed on from parents to the offspring and this is the basis of inheritance.
In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences , focusing on those areas of DNA that are thought to be involved in the disorder.
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At a chemical synapse, the release of neurotransmitter occurs in response to a graded depolarization of the synaptic terminal. True or false?.
Answer:
True: Neurotransmitters are released at chemical synapses in reaction to a gradual depolarization of a synaptic terminal.
The basic building block of the neurological system is indeed the neuron. A junction known as a synapses connects neurons in the neurological system. Neurotransmitters, which are released into synapses by neurons, are used for communication.
A stimulus that causes this nerve's resting membrane potential activates a presynaptic neuron. An action potential is then carried by the presynaptic nerve. The chemicals called neurotransmitters are being secreted into synapses together with action potential after passing via synaptic terminals.
Synaptic terminals get depolarized as a response of action potentials travelling thru the axon at those terminals. Depolarization causes the synaptic ion channels to open. In light of this, we may state that within a chemical synapse, neurotransmitters are released in response to a gradual depolarization of the synaptic terminal.
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Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because ________.
Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because it demonstrated that all of the continents where the fossil is found must have been cold when the organism was alive.
This become a amazing continent that covered areas regarded nowadays as Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India and South America. The presence of Glossopteris become used as assisting proof for the progressive idea of “continental drift” at some stage in the mid twentieth century.
Glossopteris fossils offer essential proof for presently widespread distribution of continental plates withinside the Permian length that ended 250 million years ago. Fossils were discovered in areas as remote as Patagonia, India and southern Australia.
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Which period in human history occurred first in time?
Answer:
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Explanation:
mark me brainlest
The thread-like of the stamen is the (A. anther, B.stigma, C.filament, D.style).
Filaments are the thread like structure of the stamen.
Answer:
Its C.Filament
Explanation:
The stamen has 2 parts. Anthers & Filaments. Anthers are held up by a thread-like part called a filament. so the final answer would be C.
What are the functions of the stratum corneum layer of the skin? select all that apply.
The function of stratum corneum prevent unwanted materials from entering and excessive loss of water from existing the body.
What happens when the stratum corneum is damage?Damage of stratum corneum lead to multiply skin impairment including increase transepidermal water loss , redness,and susceptibility to infection or irritation by external factors.
The function of corneum stratum to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration chemicals and mechanical stress.
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The fluid-mosaic model is ultimately the best depiction of the cell membrane because:________
The fluid-mosaic model eventually provides the most accurate representation of the cell membrane since it demonstrates that the layers' phospholipids and proteins can migrate.
What does "fluid mosaic model" mean?According to the fluid mosaic theory, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins are only a few of the components that are constantly flowing through the cell membrane.
This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier dividing the inner and external environments of the cell.
Who provided a model of a fluid mosaic?Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic theory in the early 1970s. This paradigm states that lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates make up membranes.
The fluid mosaic model is mosaic because of what?According to the fluid mosaic concept, the plasma membrane is made up of a variety of elements, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates, which give the membrane its fluid appearance.
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Some neurons release neurotransmitter which affects neighboring cells, as well as themselves. this is an example of what type of signaling?
This is an example of paracrine signaling.
What are neurotransmitters?A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries and transfers the signal between neurons. Some examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine.
The process in which one cell responds to the other cell or outside the cell is called cell signaling. There are three types of cell signaling:
Autocrine signalingParacrine signalingEndocrine signalingThe cells which release neurotransmitter and affect neighboring cell is an example of Paracrine signaling.
Endocrine signaling is an example of long distance communication between hormones.
In autocrine signaling the signaling molecules target cell itself.
Therefore, This is an example of paracrine signaling.
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For a monohybrid cross, suppose two true-breeding parents are crossed and their offspring (f1) are self-crossed. what genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation?
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation.
What is meant by genotypic ratio?The ratio that represents the various genotypes of a test cross' offspring is called the genotypic ratio. It depicts the distribution of children in accordance with genotype, the genetic makeup that determines an organism's phenotype.What is phenotypic ratio?A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another. The phenotypic ratio produced from a test cross is used by researchers to determine the gene expression for generations of an organism.A monohybrid cross is what?A monohybrid cross is made up of two homozygous individuals that have the opposing phenotype for a particular genetic characteristic. "A monohybrid cross is a cross between two monohybrid characteristics (TT and tt)." The monohybrid cross is in charge of passing one gene on.To learn more about monohybrid cross visit:
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The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the:_____.
The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the Myometrium.
What are the three layers of uterus?The uterus is situated posterior to the rectum and anterior to the urine bladder. The body, cervix, and fundus are the three sections that make up the uterus.There are three tissue layers in the uterus, and they are as follows:The inner lining, or endometrium, is made up of the functional (superficial) and basal endometrium. Hormones related to reproduction affect the functional layer. Menstrual bleeding happens as a result of this layer shedding. The development of adhesions and fibrosis may follow injury to the basal endometrium (Asherman syndrome).The muscular layer, or myometrium, is made up of smooth muscle cells.The thin, epithelial-cell-based outer layer is known as the serosa or perimetrium.Learn more about the Parts of uterus with the help of the given link:
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What is the arrow pointing to?
hydrogen ion
water
hydroxide ion
proton
hydronium ion
The arrow points to the hydroxide ion.
What is an ion?
An ion is a specie that is formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus any specie that carries a charge whether positive or negative could be called an ion. In this case, we have a system that has three ions in it. The hydrogen ions, the hydroxide ions and the hydronium ions.
As we can see, the red color stands for oxygen, the grey color stands for hydrogen. Looking at the image, we can see that the direction in which the arrow point is a specie that has only red and ash colors thus this corresponds to the hydroxide ion.
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3
An elephant and a sea star are examples of...
Oinvasive species
O symbiotic species
Okeystone species
O native species
Answer:
Okeystone species
Explanation:
Your lunch consists of an orange, wheat crackers and a glass of milk. Which part of your lunch will give you quick energy and which part will give you enough energy to get through the rest of the day?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbohydrates which are found in wheat crackers provide quick energy meanwhile lipids which are found in milk would provide the energy you need to get through the day
A thin layer of tissue called the _____ covers the brain's two hemispheres, collectively known as the _____.
A thin layer of tissue called the cerebral cortex covers the brain's two hemispheres, collectively known as the cerebrum.
What is the cerebral cortex?The cerebral cortex is a layer of the cerebrum that covers both the right brain hemisphere and the left brain hemisphere associated with the highest skills as motor functions.
In conclusion, a thin layer of tissue called the cerebral cortex covers the brain's two hemispheres, collectively known as the cerebrum.
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at high ph dna bases are in a keto tautomeric state resulting in decreased h-bonding stability and denaturation of dna strands
At high pH DNA is susceptible to alkaline denaturation that occur due to the abundance of hydroxide ions. It breaks the hydrogen bond and remove the hydrogen ion from the DNA base pairs.
Tautomeric state occur when the instant isomerization of nitrogen base occur to an alternative hydrogen bonding form that result into mutation. After this the mutation is corrected by by DNA polymerases ability.
This automerization occur when a proton transferred from one site to another site by steps in which the solvent is intermediary.
DNA polymerases is an enzyme which is responsible for forming new copies of DNA that is in the form of nucleic acid molecules.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
The RNA polymerase could now no longer be capable of understand and bind the DNA, so no RNA could be made .then RNA polymerase and related transcription elements will now no longer understand the promoter
Promoter sequences outline the path of transcription and imply which DNA strand can be transcribed; this strand is referred to as the feel strand. Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved promoter series known as the TATA box, placed 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription begin site.
The series of bases in DNA can regulate the shape of proteins. Sections of DNA which feature as genes are transcribed into 'pre-mRNA', then edited and spliced to shape mature messenger RNA.
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What structure is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?
The cell wall is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions. Bergey divided the kingdom Prokaryotae into four divisions in the first edition: Gracilicutes: they have a gram-negative cell wall. Firmicutes are bacteria with gram-positive cell walls.
Tenericutes are organisms that lack a cell wall. The microorganisms are classified into 35 different categories. These groups are not intended to constitute formal taxonomic ranks, but rather to carry on Bergey's practise of categorising bacteria into easily identifiable morphological groups. Cell walls: almost all bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls; however, archaea and eukaryotes do not.
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What happens to pupil diameter when the eye is focused for near vision? What is the advantage of this change in diameter?
The diameter of the pupil contracts when the eye is focused for near vision. It permits the eye to focus on near objects to allow a clear vision.
The normal diameter of a pupil ranges from 2 to 4 mm to see an object at a larger distance or in bright light while to see an object nearby or in dark, it varies from 4 to 8mm in diameter. The reason behind this varying size in two different conditions occurs due to accommodation.
Accommodation is the process by which an eye enables optic changes, by changing the size of the pupil, to produce a clear image of an object placed at varying distances. A young human eye can see objects placed at distances to infinity or as near as 6.5 cm from the eye. Myopia, presbyopia, and hyperopia are some diseased conditions of eye vision that may require clinical assistance to correct the vision.
When the eye has to focus on a distant object, it normally dilates the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. If it is to focus on a nearby object, it contracts the pupil to prevent excessive light from entering the eye. Thus, the diameter of the pupil also contracts when focused to see a nearby object.
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____are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Although microorganisms are considered to be harmful to the body, but there are numerous kinds of microorganisms that are beneficial to the body and are required by the body. Probiotics are an example of such kinds of microorganisms.
Probiotics can be described as live microorganisms which provide various health benefits to the body. The probiotics help in making the gut flora healthy.
Lactobacilli is a common probiotic that is found in foods such as yogurt. This kind of bacteria helps in the digestion of lactose and also can improve conditions such as diarrhea. Hence, probiotics should be included in the diet in order to keep your gut flora healthy.
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Contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts
Lysosome Digestive enzymes are used to digest food and break down materials in the cell that are damaged or old to recycle the raw materials.
The organelles that contain the digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and the debris in the cell in a cell are called as lysosomes. Lysosomes are the membrane-bound structures that will release the digestive enzymes onto the debris and waste materials into the cell to recycle the components of these structures. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of the enzymes capable of breaking down all the types of biological polymers—proteins, the nucleic acids, the carbohydrates, and lipids.
The question is all incomplete the complete question is:
Which organelles that contain digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and debris in a cell?
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Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include?
Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus
Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus.
Can reproductive system infection be transmitted nonsexually?We usually observe that the infections of the reproductive system is sexually transmitted. But there are infections that are caused by microorganisms that can be caused non sexually. These are referred to as non sexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system. Which infections affect the reproductive system?In developing nations, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), trichomoniasis, and chancroid are some of the more prevalent bacterial illnesses.What exactly constitutes a significant infection of the reproductive system?An infection of one or more of the higher reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, is known as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Untreated PID can result in the formation of scar tissue and abscesses, which can harm the reproductive system permanently.Which conditions commonly affect the female reproductive system?ovarian tumors.diseases of the ovaries.Inflammatory disease of the pelvis.ovarian polycystic syndromepregnancy laborprimary ovarian insufficiency
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Why do scientists use diamonds to help them gain understanding of the
conditions inside the Earth?
Your answer
* 1 point
Answer:
Scientists use Diamonds instead of other Metals or Non-Metals to help them gain understanding of the conditions inside the Earth as Diamond is the hardest material discovered in this world so far. Its Melting Point and Boiling Point is extremely high, which explains why it doesn't melt when in contact with Lava.
The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is?
Answer:
Chemical digestion
Explanation:
This process is known as chemical digestion, where water and digestive enzymes are used to break down the molecules.
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
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The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.
The correct option is A i.e that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
What is polypeptides ?
A polypeptide is a peptide chain that is longer, continuous, and unbranched. Therefore, along with nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others, peptides belong to the large chemical families of biological polymers and oligomers.
A protein is a polypeptide that has more than 50 amino acids, on average. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptides that are structured in a biologically useful manner. Proteins are frequently coupled to other proteins, other macromolecules like DNA or RNA, or complex macromolecular assemblies.
A polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids, whereas a peptide is two or more amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. One or more polypeptides can be found in proteins. Proteins are therefore extensive strands of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Question:
The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is
A) that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
B) the functional group of one amino acid joins with the carboxyl end of another via covalent bonds; proteins and polypeptides are the same things.
C) amino acids are joined via their hydroxyl groups with covalent bonds and many proteins make up a polypeptide.
D) polypeptides form via hydrolysis, forming hydrogen bonds between amino acids; proteins have a functional group whereas polypeptides do not.
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Metal blocks A and B both have the same mass. It requires 50 J to heat block A from 20°C to 45°C, whereas it requires 80 J to heat block B from 20°C to 45°C. Which has a greater specific heat?
Answer: Block B
Explanation: If it takes more Joules of energy to heat block B from one same temperature to another, and both blocks are the same mass, then block B has a higher specific heat
Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more ________ and directly superior to the _______________
medially, Vaginal cuff
Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more medially and directly superior to the vaginal cuff.
What is hysterectomy?The womb is surgically removed during a hysterectomy (uterus). After the procedure, you won't be able to become pregnant again. No of your age, if you haven't previously experienced the menopause, you won't have periods anymore.What three forms of hysterectomy are there?The procedure can be carried out through your vagina, three to four tiny incisions in your abdomen, or an incision in your lower abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) (vaginal hysterectomy).What drawbacks come with having a hysterectomy?Hemorrhage, intestinal injury, bladder injury, pulmonary embolism, severe anesthetic reactions, wound dehiscence, and hematoma are examples of major consequences. Additionally, blood transfusions are necessary for 10% to 15% of women who have hysterectomy procedures.To learn more about hysterectomy visit:
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Frogs and humans are more distantly related than are lizards and humans.
a. true
b. false
It is true frogs and human are more distantly related than are lizards and human. The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system.
What are the similarities between frog and human reproductive systems ?
The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system. Numerous inanimate materials, including fluids, hormones, and pheromones, are crucial reproductive system add-ons.
Reproductive system of frog is responsible for producing gametes which are released in water for fertilizations. Similarities between human and frog's system are limited to that both possess paired testes or ovaries for production of gamete.
It is true that they are distantly related to each other , when genes in frogs have very similar neighboring genes as humans about 90 percent of the time.
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