Taking into account definition of percent yield, 15 grams of HF are produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen react with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
H₂ + F₂ → 2 HF
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
H₂: 1 molesF₂: 1 moleHF: 2 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
H₂: 2 g/moleF₂: 38 g/moleHF: 20 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
H₂: 1 mole ×2 g/mole= 2 gramsF₂: 1 mole ×38 g/mole= 38 gramsHF: 2 moles ×20 g/mole= 40 gramsMass of HF formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 2 grams of H₂ form 40 grams of HF, 3 grams of H₂ form how much mass of HF?
mass of HF= (3 grams of H₂× 40 grams of HF)÷ 2 grams of H₂
mass of HF= 60 grams
Then, 3.00 g of hydrogen react with excess fluorine and it forms 60 grams of HF.
Percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage.
The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
percent yield=(actual yield÷ theorical yield)×100%
where the theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reagents.
Actual yieldIn this case, you know:
percent yield= 25%actual yield= ?theorical yield= 60 gramsReplacing in the definition of percent yields:
25%=(actual yield÷ 60 grams)×100%
Solving:
25%÷100%= actual yield÷ 60 grams
0.25= actual yield÷ 60 grams
0.25× 60 grams= actual yield
15 grams= actual yield
Finally, 15 grams of HF are produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen react with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.
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Which reactant will be the best reactant for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution?
The reactant that will be the best reactant for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution is NO₂- NO₂. The correct option is b.
What is nucleophilic aromatic substitution?Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a substitution process of nucleophile substance is substituted by halides in an aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds contain this type of substitution.
In option b, the compound is the one nitroxide group substituted by halogen, that is fluorine. The fluorine group is substituted in these given aromatic compounds.
Thus, the correct option is b, NO₂- NO₂.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
NO₂F
NO₂- NO₂-F
CH₃-O
CH₃-O-F
The term molecular mass can only be applied to a(n) _______compound since compounds do not consist of molecules. the correct term that is applicable to all types of compounds is mass.
The term molecular mass can only be applied to a(n) covalent compound since compounds do not consist of molecules. the correct term that is applicable to all types of compounds is mass. covalent
The molecular components of a compound offer the smallest integer ratio of the atoms withinside the compound. Different compounds may have identical molecular components. The term "molecular weight" isn't suitable while speaking about ionic compounds that aren't made from personal molecules
An atom and its ion have identical atomic mass due to the fact the mass of the electron that turns an atom into an ion is negligible. The term "molecular weight" won't be suitable due to the fact the components of an ionic compound now no longer describe the composition of an unmarried molecule.
Something like desk salt (NaCl) is a compound due to the fact it's miles made from a couple of elements (sodium and chlorine), however, the bonds that keep NaCl collectively are ionic bonds, so in a molecule There is none. Sodium chloride may be stated to be an ionic compound if desired.
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A block pf wood is 5 long, 4cm wide and 10cm high it weighs 100 grams calculate the density
Volume = 5x3x10 = 150 cm cubed
Mass = 150x100 = 15000 grams
Density = 15000/150 = 100g/cm cubed
Compare atomic number with lowest and highest
wavelengths in spectrum. is there a pattern? what might explain the
presence or absence of a pattern based on what you know about atoms,
electrons, and emission spectra (it's a sentence the answer must be in a sentence)
The increase in the atomic number increases the frequency and spectral lines in the spectrum. The addition of the number of electrons and energy increases the lines of the emission spectrum.
What is spectrum?Spectrum has been defined as the light colors emitted by the atom of varying frequencies and wavelengths. The electron has been known to travel from lower to higher energy levels. This leads to the emission of light.
According to the principal quantum number, the addition of the electrons increases the energy and in turn, increases the lines of spectrum emission.
Therefore, the atom number directly relates to the spectrum line.
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One substance flows down its concentration gradient, and the energy is harnessed to move another substance up its gradient in the same direction. This best describes.
When a substance moves down its concentration gradient, and energy is used to move another substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction is antiport secondary active transport
The primary active transport establishes the Na+ or H+ gradient. So to move substances against their concentration gradient, secondary transport uses energy derived from the hydrolysis of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Secondary active transport is of two types - symport and antiport. When two or more substances move in the opposite direction using energy, it is termed an antiport. In this, one substance move inside, and another substance moves out of the cell. When two or more substance move in the same direction using energy is called symport. In this, either they are moving inside or out of the cell but move in the same direction.
Therefore, when a substance moves down its concentration gradient, and energy is used to move another substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction is antiport secondary active transport.
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Buffers work best when. Buffers work best when. The ratio of h to oh- is close to 1. 0. Nearly all of the buffer molecules are undissociated. Nearly all of the buffer molecules are dissociated. The ph is nearly neutral. About half of the buffer molecules are dissociated
The corrcet answer is option D: About half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.
Buffers work best when about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.
In chemistry, an aqueous solution that can resist change in pH when acidic or basic substances are added to it is called a buffer solution.
The main components of a buffer are a weak acid and a conjugate base and vice versa.
When an acid or a base is added to it, it cancels out its effects and makes the solution neutral.
In this way, it maintains a very stable pH of the solution under all conditions.
For a chemical reaction, buffers are really important and handy solutions.
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When we double the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction, what happens to the value of the equilibrium constant?.
When we double the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction, the value of the equilibrium constant remains the same.
K = [P]/[R]
where,
[P] is the concentration of the product.
[R] is the concentration of reactant.
If we double the quantities of reactants and products in the final concentration it'll become
[R]2=2×[R]1 and [P]2=2×[P]1
Now at initial stage
K1 = [P1]/[R1]
at final stage after doubling the products
K2=[P2]/[R2]
Putting the given values
K2/K1 = 2×[P1]×[R1]/2×[R1]×[P1]
K2/K1=2/2
K2/K1=1
K2=K1
So, the value of equilibrium constant remains same.
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starting with 100 carbon-14 atoms,  how many would you expect to have after three half-lifes?
The 0.125 of original atoms are remaining after 3 half cycles
Half life of a radioactive element is the time in which its radioactive atoms reduce to half of its original value.
It is given that we have three half lives after which number of carbon atoms is to be found
After one half cycle, the number of carbon-14 atoms remaining will be 1/2 or 0.5
After the second half cycle , the number carbon 14 atoms remaining will be 1/2 of 1/2 which is equal to 1/4 or 0.25
After the third half cycle number of carbon-14 atoms remaining will be
1/2 of 1/4 which is 1/8 or 0.125
This can be easily found out using the formula of number of half cycles as [tex](1/2)^{n}[/tex]
where n is the number of half cycles after which number is to be found
Hence 0.125 of original atoms are remaining after 3 half cycles
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23 What kind of change-chemical or physical-accompa-
nies each of the following?
(a) The conversion of two elements to a compound
(b) The conversion of two compounds into a solution
(c) The combination of an element and a compound into
another compound
(d) The conversion of a compound to an element and
another compound
(e) The separation of a mixture into its components
A chemical change is one that leads to the formation of a new substance. It involves the rearrangement of the atoms in a substance to produce a new substance(s).
A physical change does not involve the rearrangement of atoms. It does not also lead to the formation of new substance. The changes are as follows;
The conversion of two elements to a compound - Chemical changeThe conversion of two compounds into a solution - physical change The combination of an element and a compound into another compound - chemical changeThe conversion of a compound to an element and another compound - chemical changeThe separation of a mixture into its components - physical changeLearn more about chemical change:https://brainly.com/question/23693316
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What are the effects on the bodies of water? use terms algal bloom, dead zone and hypotoxic
Water pollution is defined as the mixing of water with unwanted substances and that makes water unsafe.
Water pollution includes runoff of excess fertilizers,
herbicides, and insecticides from agricultural lands
and residential areas; oil, grease, and toxic chemicals
from urban runoff and energy production; and
sediment from improperly managed construction sites,
crop and forest lands, and eroding stream banks.
Polluted waters have high BOD which affects aquatic biodiversity.
Hpotoxic substances such as lead, arsenic, and fluoride cause many problems to aquatic animals and humans. Water contaminated with Arsenic results in diseases such as arsenicosis. Fluoride had been reported to cause depression in DNA and RNA synthesis in cultured cells, significant reductions in DNA and RNA levels, and conditions including aging, cancer, and arteriosclerosis are associated with DNA damage and its disrepair. Lead causes problems related to the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are most at risk. Routine applications of fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture and uncontrolled runoff in water bodies. Adds nitrogen and phosphorus to water. It adds nitrogen and phosphorus to water causing eutrophication and algal blooms.
Therefore, all these activities make our water bodies a death zone for the marine ecosystem as well as humans.
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At a ph ph of 7.25 , 7.25, the ratio of protonated glu molecules to deprotonated glutamate molecules is:_________
At a ph of 7.25 , the ratio of protonated glu molecules to deprotonated glutamate molecules is 1.100.
To find the ration of protonated glu molecules to deprotonated glutamate molecules we can used Henderson - hasselbalch equation :
ph = pka + log[A- ] / [HA]
At a ph value below the pka for each funtional group of amino acid , the functional group is protonated and the ph value above pka for the functional grroup its deprotonated.
Carboxylic acid funtional group of glutamic acid (glu) has pka = 4.25. so, the negatively charged deprotonated carboxylate form greater values of ph.
Hence , At a ph of 7.25, the ratio of protonated glum molecules to deprotonated glumtamate molecules is 1.100.
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explanation on redox reaction
The redox reaction must occur between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.
What is redox reaction?From your question, you want me to give you a general idea about redox reaction and that is what I will do. Firstly, a redox reaction is one in which one specie is oxidized and the other is reduced. The both processes have to occur simultaneously.
When we say that the both processes occur simultaneously, we mean that the electron that is lost in one process is gained in another process and all these must happen within the same system not apart from each other.
The oxidation number of one specie increases while the oxidation number of the other specie decreases. Hence, an redox reaction must occur between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.
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What cellular component is responsible for energy production and metabolic processes?
The cellular component responsible for energy production and metabolic processes is mitochondria.
What is Mitochondria?
A double-membrane-bound organelle known as a mitochondrion is found in the majority of eukaryotic organisms. The majority of the cell's adenosine triphosphate, which is then used as a source of chemical energy throughout the cell, is produced by mitochondria using aerobic respiration.
Oxidative phosphorylation, which produces ATP using the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat, is the traditional function of mitochondria. For the majority of biochemical and physiological processes, including growth, mobility, and equilibrium, ATP is used as the main energy source in turn.
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Calculate the density of an acid if 138.4 mL of the avid weighs 16.14g
Answer:
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Explanation:
Firstly, you should use this formula :
[tex]Density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
We know the mass is 16.14g, and volume as [tex]138.4ml[/tex].
Also remember to convert [tex]ml[/tex] to [tex]cm^3[/tex], where [tex]1ml = 1cm^3[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]138.4ml=138.4cm^3[/tex].
Substitute the value :
[tex]\frac{16.14g}{138.4cm^3}=0.1166g/cm^3[/tex]
Rounding it to 2 significant figure :
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Hope this helpeda girl slides down a plastic slide. when she gets up, her hair is in the air. why is this so?
Answer:
because when girl slide down then her body was in full speed and after that she gets up her hair is in the air because when she slide down her hair was also blowing in the air and after that her body thinks that they're still sliding down.so,it happened.
As the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave gets longer, the frequency ____________________.
HURRY
Give three examples of unbalanced forces in your everyday life.
Answer:
Tug of War
An object sinking in water
Kicking a ball
Answer:
turning a cartwheel.
riding a skateboard.
a football sailing toward the goalpost after it is kicked
N the secondary structure of a protein, what bonds, other than peptide bonds, are formed?
In secondary structure of a protein, other than peptide bonds, hydrogen bond are formed.
The secondary structure contains regions of amino acid chains that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds from the polypeptide backbone. arrangement of hydrogen bonds between the peptide it is an arrangement nitrogen's and the peptide carbonyl oxygens of different amino acid residues. the most common types of secondary structures are the α helix and the β pleated sheet. both structures are held in shape by hydrogen bonds, which form between the carbonyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another.
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Metric Conversions
1: convert 104 KM to M
2: convert 16 CM to MM
3: convert 5.6 KG to MG
Answer:
1. 104000m
2. 160mm
3. 5600000 mg
what is the frequency of a wave carrying 8.35 x 10^-18 J of energy?
Answer:
Therefore; the wavelength of wave is 6. 9×10−8m.
Answer:
1.26*10^16Hz
Using the planck-einsten equation, you plug in the values and you should get 1.26*10^16Hz.
How many kinds of chemically non-equivalent hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds?.
There are three non-equivalent sets of hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds.
Hydrogen is the simplest element. Each hydrogen atom has only one proton. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe. Stars like the Sun are mostly made of hydrogen. The sun is essentially a giant ball of hydrogen and helium gas. Hydrogen water is pure water with extra hydrogen molecules added. Hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant molecule known to man. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. In any case, in 2007 a Japanese group discovered that inhaled hydrogen gas could act as a cancer preventive (antioxidant) agent.
Found in the Sun and most stars, Jupiter is composed primarily of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant form of water on earth. As a gas in the atmosphere, it is present in trace amounts, less than 1 ppm by volume.
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formula for chlorine reacting with lithium and carbon
Round each measurement to three significant figures. Write your answers in scientific notation.
a. 8758.073 meters
b. 435,200,000
c. 0.001552 meter
d. 0.009009 meters
e. 177,888 meters
f. 629.55 meters
Answer: a. 8.76*10^3 meters
b. 4.35*10^8 meters
c. 1.55*10^(-3) meters
d. 9.01*10^(-3) meters
e. 1.78*10^5 meters
f. 6.30*10^2 meters
Explanation:
a. 8758.073 meters=
8000+758.073=
8*1000+758.073/1000 *1000=
8*10^3+0.758073*10^3=
(8+0.758073)*10^3=
8.758073*10^3=
8.758073*10^3=8.76*10^3 meters
b. 435,200,000=
400,000,000+35,200,000=
4*100,000,000+35,200,000/100,000,000 *100,000,000=
4*10^8+0.352*10^8=
4.352*10^8=
4.352*10^8=4.35*10^8 meters
c. 0.001552 meter=
1.552/1000 =
1.552 * 1/1000=1.55*10^(-3) meters
d. 0.009009 meters=
9.009/1000=
9.009*10^(-3)=9.01*10^(-3) meters
e. 177,888 meters=
100,000+77,888=
1*100,000+77,888/100,000 *100,000=
1*10^5+0.77888*10^5=
1.77888*10^5=1.78*10^5 meters
f. 629.55 meters=
6000+29.55=
6*100+29.55/100 *100=
6*10^2+0.2955*10^2=
6.2955*10^2=6.30*10^2 meters
7.28 Explain the following variations
in atomic or ionic radii:
a. I>I> I+
b. Ca²+ > Mg2+ > Be²+
c. Fe>Fe²+ > Fe³+
The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion.
What is the ionic radii?The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion. We know that for a metal, the ionic radii decreases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases while in the case of the negative ion, the ionic radii increases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases.
Let us now look at the ions as shown;
a) I^->I> I^+ - This is because the negative ion leads to an expansion of the electron cloud which decreases in the atom and the positive ion.
b) Ca²+ > Mg2+ > Be²+ - Ionic radius increases down the group as more shells are added.
c) Fe>Fe²+ > Fe³+ - This is because, for a metal, the ionic radii decreases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases
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The molecule of the type ml4 consists of four single bonds and no lone pairs. what structure is it expected to assume?
It expected to assume tetrahedral in shape.
What is tetrahedral shape?Tetrahedral molecules are those in which the central atom has four bonds and no lone pairs. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, and there are 109.5° angles between them.
A common example of a tetrahedral structure is methane, which contains four hydrogen atoms around the carbon atom. The nitrogen atom at the centre of the ammonium ion is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.
The carbon atoms are organised tetrahedrally in a diamond. With a C-C-C bond angle of 109.5 degrees, each carbon atom is joined to four more carbon atoms at a distance of 1.544 x 10⁻¹⁰metres. It produces an endless network of atoms and has a robust, hard three-dimensional structure.
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The molecule of the sort ML₄ consists of four single bonds and no lone pairs.The structure is it expected to assume is tetrahedral
What is meant by tetrahedral structure?
Tetrahedral may be a molecular shape that occurs when there are four bonds and no lone pairs in the molecule's central atom. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, with 109.5° angles between them.
What is a Molecule?
A molecule may be a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together; the number of atomic nuclei making up a molecule is a determinate number. for instance , HCl(g) may be a molecule made of one hydrogen atom bonded to one chlorine atom.
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An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?
An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by electrons.
What is nucleus?A nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and contains the chromosomes, according to genomics. Numerous holes in the nuclear membrane allow for the selective passage of certain molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
Protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge, make up the nucleus. Quarks are subatomic particles that make up protons and neutrons.
DNA is organised into chromosomes in the nucleus, which is located in the centre of the cell. The double nuclear membrane (outer and inner) that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, known as the nuclear envelope, envelops it. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the outer membrane are one unit.
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A cylindrical glass tube 12.7cm in length is filled with mecury .the mass of mecury needed to fill the tube is 105.5g .calculate the inner diameter of the tube
The volume of the cylinder will be 7.76 cubic cm. Then the diameter of the cylinder will be 0.88 cm.
What is the volume of a right circular cylinder?Let r be the radius and h be the height of the cylinder. Then the volume of the cylinder will be
V = π r²h cubic units
A cylindrical glass tube 12.7cm in length is filled with Mercury. The mass of Mercury needed to fill the tube is 105.5 grams.
We know that the density of Mercury is 13.59 grams per cubic cm. Then the volume of the Mercury will be
13.59 = 105.5 / V
V = 7.76 cubic cm
Then the radius of the cylinder will be
V = π r²h
7.76 = 3.14 x 12.7 x r²
r = 0.44 cm
Then the diameter of the cylinder will be
d = 2r
d = 2 x 0.44
d = 0.88 cm
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Small stretches of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, situated as a particular site on a chromosome, are knows as?
The small stretches on a chromosome of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule on a particular site is known as gene.
Gene is a fundamental, structural and operational component of heredity in living beings. They serve as a blueprints for synthesis of proteins. Genes are responsible for transfer of traits from parents to the progeny.
The sequence of nucleotide on a DNA strand determines the coding for various proteins. From a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases, genes range in size. Every human contains two copies of same gene, one from each parent.
Protein-coding genes make up only around 1% of DNA; the remaining 99% is non-coding genes. There are no protein-making instructions in non-coding part of DNA.
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perform the following operation and express the answer in scientific notation 5.7365 x 10^-5 / 3.4891 x 10^-8
The e answer in scientific notation 5.7365 x[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]/ 3.4891 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] is 1.64 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] .
Calculation ,
5.7365 x [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] / 3.4891 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] = 1.64 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] = 1644
Below are the five guidelines for scientific notation:
1. The base must always be 10.
2. The exponent must be an integer that is non-zero, meaning it may be positive or negative.
3. The coefficient's absolute value is more than or equal to 1, but it must be less than 10.
4. Both whole and decimal numbers, including positive and negative numbers, can be used as coefficients.
5. The remaining significant digits of the number are carried by the mantissa.
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Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are __________________bonds.
Chemical bonds that join the amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are peptide bonds. Chemical bonds are formed when two or more atoms, molecules, or ions come together to form a compound. Atoms in the resultant molecule are held together by these chemical bonds.
Bonds can be classified as ionic, covalent, or metallic in general. When a valence electron transfers from one atom to another to finish the outer electron shell chains, an ionic bond is created. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions are the four categories of chemical bonds that are necessary for life.
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