Sugars pass from cell to cell in the leaf starting in the symplast of the mesophyll; they move through the symplast or apoplast of other cells and finally pass into the symplast of the sieve tube element
In symplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cytoplasm of the cell and pass on to the other cell through the plasmodesmata.
In apoplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cell wall and intercellular spaces and does not cross the cell membrane.
When the sugar are synthesized by the leaves first it will move through the symplast of the mesophyll cells. Then sugar will be travelling either through symplastic or apoplastic pathway in other cells and pass through the sieve tube elements in symplastic pathway
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What happens during glycolysis? more atp is consumed than is produced. glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules. carbon dioxide is produced. lactic acid is produced.
The statement indicating that 'glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules' is an accurate description of what happens during the process of glycolysis.
What do glycolysis and cellular respiration mean?Glycolysis represents the first stage of the process of cellular respiration by which aerobic cells use energy from foods such as glucose to produce ATP and other molecules that serve as energy sources.
During glycolysis pyruvic acid or pyruvate is generated from glucose, and also is generated ATP, the energy coin of eukaryotic cells, while lactic acid is produced during the fermentation process in conditions associated with the absence of oxygen, which is known as hypoxia conditions (anaerobic cell generation of energy).
In conclusion, the statement indicating that 'glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules' is an accurate description of what happens during the process of glycolysis.
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2. During an activity, a teacher labeled the following scenario as hypertonic. Is she correct? Why or why no
%H₂0
15%
solute
80% H₂O
% solute
Correct. The solution in the beaker is hypertonic to the cell interior because its solute concentration is about 20%, which is greater than 15%. Water tends to leave the cell.
What are hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?When placing two solutions together separated by a membrane, we can classify them according to their solute concentration,
A hypertonic solution is the one with the higher solute concentration. It is the most concentrated solution.
A hypotonic solution has lower solute concentrations. It is the most diluted solution.
Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentrations.
In this example, we will assume the circle is a cell,
Cell interior ⇒ 85% water + 15% soluteBeacker solution ⇒ 80% water + 20% soluteThe solution in the beaker is hypertonic to the cell interior because its solute concentration is about 20%, which is greater than 15%.
The interior of the cell is hypotonic to the solution in the beaker, because it is more diluted. It has 85% water, which is higher than 80% water. Water tends to leave the cell moving forward to the beaker solution.
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The growing or farming of marine plants or animals under controlled conditions is called?
How does the cryosphere help the biosphere ability to sustain life?
Answer: The cryosphere acts like a reflective shield, protecting Earth from getting too warm.
Explanation:
Snow and ice reflect more sunlight than open water or bare ground. The presence of snow and ice affects the heat and cooling of the earth's surface, affecting the planet's energy balance.
Please select characteristics exhibited by prokaryotes to test your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
The answer to the question is-
DNA, Ribosomes, Cell wall.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?Eukaryotic cells have a more complicated cell structure than prokaryotic cells do. They are made up of a cell wall, a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA (in the form of chromosomes, nuclei, and plasmids), and occasionally a flagellum for motility.
Any of these structures (cell walls with various biochemical compositions) may be present in eukaryotic cells, which also have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.
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When cells become too cold (i.e., the body temperature drops too low), how is their functioning affected?
When cells become too cold, cell function slows down.
All cells in the body need optimum temperature at which they can perform best. Also, most enzymes in the body work best at normal body temperature.
When a cell becomes too cold, the optimum temperature for the enzyme to work is no more there. The optimum temperature required by the cell is also not there. Hence, the functioning of the cell slows down in such a condition.
For a cell to function properly, it needs optimum conditions like optimum temperatures, optimum pH, optimum water level, etc. If these conditions are not met, a cell is unable to perform optimally.
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Which class of organisms gather their energy directly from the sun? a. autotrophs b. carnivores c. herbivores d. detritivores please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Autotrophs class of organisms gather their energy directly from the sun.
Autotrophs- 1: Compared to heterotrophic plants, autotrophic plants just need carbon dioxide or carbonates as a source of carbon and a straightforward inorganic nitrogen component for metabolic synthesis of organic molecules (such as glucose). 2: having a regular metabolism without needing a specific exogenous substance.
Metabolism- The full spectrum of biochemical reactions that take place inside a living being. Anabolism, or the accumulation of chemicals, and catabolism make up metabolism (the breakdown of substances). The breakdown of food and its conversion into energy are particularly referred to as the metabolism.
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Answer:
a. autotrophs
Explanation:
Which organ stores bile?
a. liver
b. gallbladder
c. pancreas
d. duodenum
The organ that stores bile is b. gallbladder.
The liver produces a green, yellowish solution which is referred to as the bile. The bile has an important role to play in digestion as it breaks down fats in the food into fatty acids.
Although bile is produced in the liver, it is transported from the liver to the gallbladder and hence gallbladder is the organ that stores bile. The bile is concentrated in the gall bladder. At the time of digestion, the bile is transported from the gall bladder into the small intestine where it plays an active role in breaking down of lipids.
Bile has a slightly alkaline pH and its active constituents include bile salts, water, bile acids, cholesterol.
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The large stained-
pink circle in the
middle of each cell
is most likely...
The large stained-pink circle in the middle of each cell is most likely the cell nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells, which have a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, have the cell nucleus, a membrane-bound organelle. DNA, which contains instructions for the development and function of a cell, is one of the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell.
In microscopic pictures or stained cell samples the nucleus often appears as a distinct, round or oval structure with a darker stain than the surrounding cytoplasm. The staining clarifies the presence of DNA and shows where the nucleus is located within the cell.
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A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the dna to which rna polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.
A compound in which polysaccharides are linked to peptide fragments that provides the main source of structural support to the bacterial cell wall is?
Peptidoglycan is a compound in which polysaccharides are linked to peptide fragments that provide the main sources of structural support to the bacterial cell wall.
Peptidoglycan is a stiff coat that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria. It protects bacterial cells from environmental stress and maintains cell shape throughout their life cycle. Hence, it provides the main source of structural support to the bacterial cell wall.
By encasing the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria, peptidoglycan is responsible for osmotic stability. It is a one-of-a-kind, net-like polymer composed of glycan strands that are connected together by peculiar peptides. The structure of bacterial peptidoglycan varies greatly due to changes in amino acid sequence, cross-link types, and the presence or absence of secondary modifications in both the glycan strands and peptides.
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer: Sucrase will not be able to bind sucrose in the active site.
Explanation:
Coral bleaching results from a loss of the dinoflagellate endosymbiote. What is the metabolic result on the coral from coral bleaching?.
The metabolic result on the coral from coral bleaching is that The coral are not able to obtain energy from the products of photosynthesis.
Endosymbiosis, in which a microbial partner lives within the cells of a larger host organism.
Algae and coral both rely on one another to live. Corals and the zooxanthellae, tiny algae that dwell in their tissues, share a symbiotic relationship. The coral's main food supply and source of color are these algae. Coral that is under duress will lose its algae. Algae depart the coral tissue when the symbiotic relationship is strained by elevated ocean temperature or pollution. Coral that has been bleached is left exposed and vulnerable. The coral loses its primary food source without the algae, turns white or very pale, and becomes more prone to illness.
Ocean temperature variation Coral bleaching is most commonly caused by rising ocean temperatures brought on by climate change. Pollution and runoff Storm-generated precipitation has the potential to quickly dilute ocean water, and runoff can transport chemicals that can bleach corals close to the coast. excessive exposure to the sun High sun irradiation causes bleaching in shallow-water corals when temperatures are high.
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Dna helicase inhibitors are well studied as potential drug targets. What would you expect to see if dna helicase activity is inhibited?.
DNA strands are separated and ATP hydrolysis is catalyzed by the helicase, preventing the unwinding of the double helix.
What is helicase?Nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes can be altered or bound by enzymes referred to as helicases. Helicases are present in both DNA and RNA. DNA helicases are essential for DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands, enabling each strand to be copied. During DNA replication, DNA helicases unwind DNA at regions known as origins, where synthesis will start. The replication fork is a structure that develops as the DNA helicase unwinds the DNA. It is so called because the two strands of DNA appear to fork as they are unzipped apart. The hydrogen bonds that bind the nucleotide base pairs of the double-stranded DNA together must be broken using energy.Learn more about the helicase with the help of the given link:
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In adults, which bone marrow is limited to the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and proximal heads of the humerus and femur?
Red bone marrow in adults is only found in the axial skeleton, the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the proximal heads of the humerus and femu.
What is bone marrow?
The spongy substance found inside a few of the body's bones, notably the hip and thigh bones, is called bone marrow. Stem cells, which are immature cells, are found in bone marrow. Blood cells and healthy bone marrow are essential for human survival. A marrow or cord blood transplant may be the best course of treatment when a disorder or illness damages bone marrow to the point where it is no longer able to function properly.
Red bone marrow is limited to the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and proximal heads of the humerus and femur in adults.
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Which is the active, growing state of endospore-forming bacteria?
The active, growing state of endospores or endospore-forming bacteria is vegetative.
The set of conditions under which bacteria can grow, live and reproduce actively is called the vegetative state.
Vegetative cells grow actively and can bear stress such as heat, chemicals, and radiation.
Moreover, it is difficult for them to manage and survive in harsh and stressful environmental conditions.
While some bacteria also form spores known as endospores which are dormant, inactive, and unable to reproduce but assist the bacteria to survive in a diverse and harsh environment.
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An individual has a low ph of urine and stomach contents. how should these findings be interpreted?
The FIRST line of defense is working
An individual has a low pH of urine and stomach contents. how should these findings be interpreted the FIRST line of defense is working.
What does urine with a low pH mean?A low urine pH could result from: Diabetes-related ketoacidosis Diarrhea. metabolic acidosis, or diabetic ketoacidosis, is the accumulation of too much acid in body fluids. Starvation.What is a typical report from a pee test?Depending on diet, normal readings range from about 5 to 7, with values under 5 being too acidic and those above 7 not being acidic enough. Protein (that is not usually found in urine) Sugar (glucose, that is not usually found in urine) Nitrite (that is not usually found in urine)How do you know if your urine is acidic?Chemical dipstick test: This test includes dipping a piece of litmus paper, which has been specifically treated, into a urine sample.The color of the dipstick will change depending on whether the urine is acidic or alkaline.To learn more about lines of defense visit:
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What are the five regions of the vertebral column? describe one differentiating feature of the vertebrae in each region.
The five regions of the vertebral column are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal (or caudal) regions. One differentiating feature of these vertebrae includes their primary functions.
The vertebral column is the central axis of all vertebrates. It protects the spinal cord, provides attachment to the muscle cells, and supports the trunk. It usually consists of 33 vertebrae. The vertebral column in mammals is composed of five different groups of vertebrae:
Cervical region
The primary function is to support the weight of the head. They are numbered C1 to C7. C1 and C2 allow movement of the head.
Thoracic region
The primary function is to hold the rib cage in its place and protect the heart and lungs. They are numbered T1 to T12. They allow limited movement only.
Lumbar region
The primary function is to hold the weight of the body. They have numbered L1 to L5. They allow holding heaving weight.
Sacral region
The main function is to connect the spine to the hip bones (iliac). The five sacral bones are fused and form the pelvic girdle along with the iliac bones.
Coccygeal region
The four coccyx bones provide support to the attachment of ligaments and muscles of the pelvic region.
With the support of the above answer, we can say that there are five regions in a vertebral column, namely, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
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what happens in meiosis during telophase l? A) sister chromatids are pulled apart. B) four haploid cells form from each parent cell. c) two haploid cells are formed. d)four retreads form in the center of the cell.
Two haploid cells are formed during Telophase I.
A nuclear sheath may form around the bundle of chromosomes. Some species, like human females, go through the first four phases of meiosis before giving birth to the germline cells. For some period, the germline cells are in telophase I. When the gamete is required for reproduction, there is a second round of division.The parent cell has two poles at Telophase I of the meiotic cycle, each with a full complement of haploid chromosomes (which still have their sister chromatids).Now, a cleavage furrow forms, separating the cytoplasm of the cell in two (a process ultimately called cytokinesis). The two daughter cells start preparing for the second meiotic division as soon as the cytoplasm has completely divided.Therefore, option (C) is correct.
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Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. surgery
b. radiation
c. early detection
d. chemotherapeutic agents
Offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer early detection.
The correct option is C.
Why is prognosis so important?In managing patients and making decisions, prognosis is crucial. One of the main goals of clinical research is to evaluate the prognostic variables that link the clinical and experimental baseline covariables to outcomes.
Describe a prognosis example:For instance, statistics examining the 5-year survival rate for a specific disease may be many years old from the time they were reported, new and improved treatments may have become available. One condition whose "prognosis" may not be entirely reliable is lung cancer.
What types of prognosis are there?It is possible to give a prognosis of excellent, good, fair, bad, or even hopeless. The risk factors and indications that are present in the patient have a significant impact on the prognosis for a disease or condition.
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Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleic acid core. this capsid is composed of?
About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
CHON known as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the four elements of the essential twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter that make up most living things: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
The relative atomic sizes of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
The six most significant chemical elements, whose covalent pairings make up the majority of biological compounds on Earth, are collectively represented by the abbreviation CHNOPS, which stands for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements were produced in stars in space long ago, and when a supernova happened, they were sent into space. These are all nonmetals or non-elements.
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Suppose separate gene knockouts do not produce any phenotypic effects but combining the two gene knockouts in one organism shows a difference in phenotype. what is the most likely explanation?
The most likely explanation for this circumstance is Gene redundancy.
What is Gene knockout?Gene knockout may be defined as a type of genetic technique through which a specific gene from living organisms is eliminated or removed. Apart from this, the function of a specific gene is also terminated with this technique.
Gene redundancy may be characterized as an instance through which two or more genes perform an identical function and the inactivation of either one of them has little or no effect on the biological phenotype or pathway.
Therefore, gene redundancy is the most likely explanation for the given circumstance.
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Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.
Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to steroid hormones.
What is the thyroid hormone?Thyroid hormone is a peptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which serves to maintain metabolic rate and it enters into the cells by diffusion in a similar manner to steroid hormones (it is for that reason thyroid hormone is classified as steroid-like hormone).
In conclusion, thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to steroid hormones.
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Explain in your own words how volume is measured.
Answer: Volume is measured by length x width x height.
Explanation: how that helps.
Where is most of the mass of an atom found?
ONeutrons
O Electron cloud
Nucleus
Answer:
The Nucleus
Explanation:
Not only is it simply the heaviest, but it is the largest of the three options. Neutrons are extremely light compared to the nucleus. The electron cloud is even less, I believe.
How do the upper layers receive nourishment if epithelial tissues are not vascular?
The avascularity of epithelial tissues is almost complete. For example, no blood arteries may get through the basement membrane to enter the tissue, therefore nutrients must be absorbed or diffused from the surface or underlying tissues.
What is Epithelial tissue ?The epithelium is a type of body tissue that covers all of the internal and exterior body surfaces, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and makes up the majority of glandular tissue.
Epithelial tissue has three main purposes: acting as a barrier of protection, secreting chemicals, and absorbing substances. The primary function of particular tissues varies depending on the location and cell type. Goblet cells and stratified epithelium commonly form protective barriers.Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and simple pseudostratified are the four main classes of simple epithelium.Learn more about Epithelial tissue here:
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Please help! Im not sure if it’s primary or secondary because there was ground flora at year 0.
This seems like secondary succession because When a climax community or an intermediate community is affected by a disturbance, secondary succession occurs. The succession cycle is restarted, but not to the start because the soil and nutrients are still there.
The process of natural communities gradually replacing (or "succeeding") one another is known as ecological succession. For instance, if an old farm field is abandoned and left unattended for a long period of time, it eventually transforms into a forest as trees entirely occupy the land. Every plant community fosters the circumstances necessary for other plant communities to flourish. While later colonizers like shrubs and trees may provide cover and shade, early colonizers like grasses may enrich the soil with nutrients. When a "climax" community develops, succession temporarily halts; these communities maintain a state of relative balance until a disruption triggers the succession process to resume. Similarly, here we see that the land is abandoned and all the plant species community retained its survival and attained a stage of climax community. There is no new plant community appeared here. So, it's secondary succession.
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_____ are receptor cells contained in the retina and are useful in color perception, particularly in bright-light conditions.
Cones are receptor cells contained in the retina and are useful in color perception, particularly in bright-light conditions.
Retina :The inside of the eye's back is lined by a thin layer of tissue called the retina. It stands close to the optic nerve. The retina's job is to collect light that has been focused by the lens, transform it into neural signals, and deliver those signals to the brain for visual identification.
What is the retina of the eye?Light that enters your eye is converted by the retina into electrical signals that your optic nerve sends to your brain, which produce the images you see. It's a crucial component of your vision. The retina is the layer that is located at the very back of your eye. The retina contains rods and cones, two different types of receptor cells. These cells pick up light energy and absorb it for the nervous system to use.
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Please give a short explanation about suspension, colloids, and, solutions.
Answer:
A suspension is a mixture containing small insoluble particles evenly distributed in a fluid but a colloid is a non uniform mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the particles are permanently suspended also a solution is a uniform mixture of a solute and a solvent
