State the Universal Law Of Gravitation

At rest, when travelling at a constant speed, and when in mechanical equilibrium, there is no acceleration and answer choice D is correct.

In mechanics, acceleration describes the rate at which a driving object's velocity changes over time. They are accelerations and vector quantities. The direction of an object's acceleration is determined by the direction of the net force acting on it. Depending on whether an object is moving faster, slower, or in a different direction, its velocity may change. Examples of acceleration include a falling apple, the moon orbiting the earth, and a car that has stopped at a stop sign. The car is positively accelerating if the speed is increasing. As the car slows down, its speed decreases. A decline in speed is referred to as negative acceleration. In both situations, the car is traveling ahead, yet one has a positive acceleration and the other a negative one.

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The gold sheet used was around 1000 atoms thick.

The Rutherford observed that the use of aluminium foil will be better instead of gold foil, the reason is given below. The gold is very cheap metal so due to this property it can be easily turned into thin thin foil, Rutherford wants the thinnest layer as thin as possible. If any other metal foil is used in place of gold then also there will be no change in the observations if the metal foil to be used is as thin as gold foil.

So we can conclude that the gold sheet used was around 1000 atoms thick.

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The solvents that are not commonly used for acquiring a 1H NMR spectrum are the ones that contain [tex]^{1} H[/tex] nuclei.

[tex]^{1} H[/tex] NMR is also called as Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. It is a method used to determine the structure of molecules of a substance.

For this [tex]^{1} H[/tex] NMR to work perfectly, the solvents must not contain  [tex]^{1} H[/tex] nuclei. That is why Deuterated solvents are used. Some of the examples of deuterium solvents are chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, heavy water, etc.

Therefore, the solvents that are not commonly used for acquiring a 1H NMR spectrum are the ones that contain [tex]^{1} H[/tex] nuclei.

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The major difference is the cleavage of isocitrate by isocitrate lyase, resulting in succinate and glyoxylate, as opposed to the breakdown of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase.

A variant of the tricarboxylic acid cycle called the glyoxylate cycle is an anabolic mechanism that may be found in fungus, bacteria, protists, and plants. In order to synthesize carbohydrates, acetyl-CoA is converted to succinate in the glyoxylate cycle. When simple sugars like glucose or fructose are not available, the glyoxylate cycle in microorganisms enables cells to employ two carbons (C2 molecules) like as acetate to meet cellular carbon needs. Animals are often thought to lack the cycle, with the exception of nematodes during the early stages of embryogenesis.

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C. When describing motion, a frame of reference is a system of reference points used to determine position and velocities of objects.

A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes with reference to which the position or motion of something is described or physical laws are formulated.

Frame of reference serves a valuable purpose, because it enables us to make more accurate measurement of our position, displacement, velocity and the total distance traveled.

Also, a frame of reference consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix the coordinate system and take measurements within that frame.

In other words, it is a system or base, on which motion of an object is determined.

Thus, when describing motion, a frame of reference is a system of reference points used to determine position and velocities of objects.

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Answer:

27 m/s

Explanation:

Vf = Vo + a t

0  = vo + (-3.7)t

vo = 3.7t   use this value in the next equation

Displacement = vo t +   1/2 a t^2

100 = 3.7t^2 + 1/2 (-3.7)(t^2 )

100 = 1.85 t^2            t = 7.352 s

vo= 3.7 t = 3.7 * 7.352 = 27. m/s

Answer: A radio wave is generated by a transmitter and then detected by a receiver. An antenna allows a radio transmitter to send energy into space and a receiver to pick up energy from space. Transmitters and receivers are typically designed to operate over a limited range of frequencies.

Explanation:

In a lab setting, a systematic error frequently causes high precision with low accuracy. Either the measurer consistently makes the same error, or the measuring device has a fault. Even while a badly calibrated balance might consistently read the same mass, it will be far lower than the actual mass of the object.

Accuracy is defined as "the degree to which the outcome of a measurement adheres to the correct value or a standard. basically refers to how closely a measurement fits the established value." The degree to which the outcome of a measurement complies to the proper value or a standard," is how accuracy is defined.

The more traditional term is "accuracy of measurement," which is defined as "... the degree to which the outcome of a measurement agrees with the genuine value of the thing being measured."

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Answer:

Physical science

Explanation:

Most active galactic nuclei are powered by: a. supermassive black holes.

A supermassive black hole is a type of huge black hole with a mass that can be millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun.

It is also known as SMBH or SBH. And inside of the back hole is a place where the material is compressed down to an enormously tiny point, and all the ideas of time and space completely break down.

A black hole is a very dense space in which gravity becomes so strong that not even light is able to get out, this is because matter is compressed into a very small space. A black hole is usually formed from the remains of a star that dies in a supernova.

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The time needed to take off is 0.8s

Acceleration can be defined as the rate of change of velocity. It is a vector quantity.

Given that a plane accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 5.0 m/s² along a runway that is 1800 mm long. Assume that the plane reaches the required takeoff velocity at the end of the runway.

The takeoff velocity V will be

V² = U² + 2aS

Where

Substitute all the parameters into the formula above

V² = 0 + 2 × 5 × 1.8

V² = 18

V = √18

V = 4.24 m/s

The time t needed to take off will be

V = U + at

4.24 = 0 + 5t

5t = 4.24

t = 4.24 / 5

t = 0.8 s

Therefore, the time needed to take off is 0.8s

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Option C: A semiconductor device containing transistors, capacitors, and resistors is called an integrated circuit.

The semiconductor device known as a transistor is used to switch or amplify electrical impulses.

One of the fundamental components of contemporary electronics is the transistor. It is made of semiconductor material and typically has at least three terminals for connecting to an electronic circuit.

The current flowing through another pair of the transistor’s terminals is controlled by the voltage or current provided to one set of those terminals.

A transistor can magnify a signal because the regulated (output) power can be greater than the controlling (input) power. Although many more transistors are found embedded in integrated circuits, some are packaged individually.

The first field-effect transistor was developed in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working for William Shockley at Bell Labs.

The concept of a field-effect transistor was first proposed by the Austrian-Hungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, but it was not possible to actually build a working device at that time. The three received a shared 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

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According to the net force, the acceleration of the book is 16.47 m/s².

We need to know about force to solve this problem. According to second Newton's Law, the force applied to an object will be proportional to mass and acceleration. Hence, it can be written as

∑F = m . a

where F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration

From the question above, we know that

m = 3 kg

g = 9.8 m/s²

F1 = 20 N

Find the net force

∑F = F1 + W

∑F = 20 + m . g

∑F = 20 + 3 . 9.8

∑F = 20 + 29.4

∑F = 49.4 N

Find the acceleration

∑F = m . a

49.4 = 3 . a

a = 16.47 m/s²

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A measure of central tendency called the mean can be a particularly biased or misleading measure of central tendency when there are a few extreme scores.

"The statistical metric that identifies a single value as representative of an entire distribution" is the definition of central tendency. It strives to give a precise account of all the facts. It is the lone value that best typifies or reflects the information gathered.

The mean, median, mode, and the midrange are the four indicators of central tendency. The arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values in a data set is used here to describe the midpoint or mid-extreme of a set of statistical data values.

A dataset's arithmetic mean (which is distinct from its geometric mean) is calculated by dividing all of the values by the total number of values. Due to the fact that the computation takes into account all values, it is the most widely used central tendency measure.

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The correct answer is option A. Water is not a state/ phase of matter

States are those phases that describe its physical attributes as well as how its constituent particles are arranged. Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma are the four main states of matter that can exist.

When something melts, it transitions from a solid to a liquid condition.

Water has a freezing point of 0°C.The melting point of flour is around 220 degrees Celsius, which is greater than that of salt and sugar. Sublimation is the process by which a solid transforms into a gaseous state, as in the case of camphor. Examples of changes in the states of matter include the melting of ice, the freezing of water, the burning of camphor, the melting of wax, and the production of precipitates.

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Work done is 158 joule

Given that, the force of a moving object is,

F = (8i - 6j + 9k) N

The object is moving from point (0,10,8) to the point (6,12,20)

Now we can calculate the displacement by the formula,

dr = (x2-x2)i + (y2 - Y2)j + (z2 - z2)k

Put all the values from the given values.

dr = (6 - 0)x + (12 - 10)j + (20 - 8)k

dr = (6i-2j+12k) meters

Now, the work done can be calculated as,

W = F.dr

W = (8i - 6j + 9k).(6i-2j+12k)

W = 158 J

Hence, work done is 158 joule

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Each capacitor carries a charge of 1/3q as they are identical.

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The rate at which the height is changing is ( 5 / x ) m / hr

We know that,

Area of an equilateral triangle A = [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] [tex]x^{2}[/tex] / 4

h = [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] x / 2

Where,

x = Side

h = Height

Given that,

dA / dt = 5 [tex]m^{2}[/tex] / hr

h = [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] x / 2

Differentiate both sides with respect to t

dh / dt = ( [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex]  / 2 ) ( dx / dt )

dx / dt = ( 2 /  [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] ) ( dh / dt )

A = [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] [tex]x^{2}[/tex] / 4

Differentiate both sides with respect to t

dA / dt = ( [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] / 4 ) ( 2x ) ( dx / dt )

5 =  ( [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] / 4 ) ( 2x ) ( 2 /  [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] ) ( dh / dt )

dh / dt = ( 5 / x ) m / hr

Rate of change of height is defined as the rate at which height of an object changes with respect to time. It is represented as dh / dt

Therefore, the rate at which the height is changing is ( 5 / x ) m / hr

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According to Stefan’s law, a hotter body radiates 68 times more energy per unit area per second

As per Stefan’s law, Fhotter/Fcooler = 68

The Stefan law or the Stefan-Boltzmann law, states that the total radiant heat power that is emitted from a surface per unit area at the absolute temperature is directly proportional to the fourth power of its temperature.

The unit used in Stefan’s law is σ which equals to Wattm−2k−4

This law was formulated by Josef Stefan in 1879 through his experimental studies and again by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1844 from thermodynamic considerations.

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The following kinematic equation will be most useful for finding the ball’s initial velocity:

v = u + at

There are three kinematic equations, out of which any one equation can be used according to the given situation. These are:

In the above situation, a ball is rolled from the top of a table and the ball lands on the ground after 3 seconds with a final velocity of 3.5 m/s.

We have been provided by the final velocity, acceleration, and time taken by the ball, so the equation that would be most useful for finding the initial velocity will be, v =u +at.

Thus, the following kinematic equation will be most useful for finding the ball’s initial velocity:

v = u + at

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Given,

The magnitude of the resultant force is 39.7 N and makes an angle of 49.5° with the x-axis.

The two given forces are vectors, thus they have to be resolved horizontally and vertically to determine their resultant.

So that:

 Horizontal component = F Cos θ

  Vertical component = F Sin θ

Thus, given that: a = 28 lb at 45° on x & y axis, and b = 12 lb at 30° below x-axis.

i. Resolving the vector horizontally, we have:

horizontal component = 28 Cos 45° + 12 Cos 30°

                                    = 19.80 + 10.39

horizontal component, x  = 30.19

ii. Resolving the vectors vertically, we have:

vertical component = 28 Sin 45° + 12 Sin 30°

                               = 19.80 + 6.0

vertical component, y  = 25.80

a. Magnitude of the resultant force, |R| = [tex]\sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2} }[/tex]

= [tex]\sqrt{(30.19)^{2} +(25.80)^{2} }\\\\[/tex]

= 39.7124

|R|     = 39.7 Newtons

b. The angle that the resultant makes with the positive x-axis can be determined by:

[tex]Tan\ \theta = \frac{x}{y} \\\\\theta = Tan^{-1} \frac{30.19}{25.80} \\\\= 49.4832\\\\\theta = 49.5\textdegree[/tex]

Therefore, the magnitude of the resultant force is 39.7 N and makes an angle with the x-axis.

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A protective layer that shields the surface from lethal ultraviolet light is found in second layer of the atmosphere i.e., stratosphere.

More about ozone

The ozone layer is a component of the stratosphere, which is the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. The stratosphere is the name given to the layer of insulating gases that clings to our globe.

Ozone is a trace gas since there are only around 3 of its molecules in the atmosphere for every 10 million air molecules. But it serves an important purpose.

Like a sponge, the ozone layer absorbs sunlight that reaches Earth. While some of the sun’s radiation is essential for our survival, excessive amounts can be harmful to other living things.

The ozone layer shields life on Earth.

Benefits of ozone

Ozone does a good job of trapping ultraviolet radiation, also known as UV light, which may damage DNA molecules in plants and animals and penetrate protective layers on creatures like the epidermis.

The two primary subtypes of UV light are UVB and UVA.

UVB causes skin conditions including sunburns and cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

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Answer:

In the Stratosphere

The protective layer is made of OZONE (O3). It shields us from the Sun's ultraviolet light. If the Ozone layer in the stratosphere becomes thin (letting more ultraviolet light through) it can lead to light and severe health effects, both to humans and animals, and can even affect food webs. In people, excess UV light can lead to certain forms of cataracts, increase in burns, cataracts, and sometimes even mutations (according to my FLVS Envornmental science course).

Have a great day!

The Industrial Revolution led to the creation of jobs in human resources because more people were going to work on farms and in small shops and is therefore denoted as option A.

This is referred to a period which experienced a change from a handicraft economy to one which was dominated by a lot of technological innovations and productions.

This period led to the production of a lot of machines which helped to make jobs easier for the workers. It led to the increase in the way different goods and products were processed which led to the need to employ more people to run the operations.

Working on farms with equipment such s tractors, plough etc and the creation of shops to sell more processed goods is what led to the creation of jobs in human resources.

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The ways of transferring thermal energy are Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

Heat transfer is the movement of molecules from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature. It can be done in three ways:

Conduction is the heat transfer done through direct contact between two bodies. Convection is the heat transfer done by movement of fluids such as water or air. Radiation is the heat transfer done by electromagnetic waves.

Therefore, the ways of transferring thermal energy are Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

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Friction is a force caused by the contact of one surface on another: a. true

The Friction force is the force that opposes the displacement of an object or body on a contact surface. The greater the opposition the contact surface exerts on the displacement of an object, the greater the frictional force.

The general formula for the friction force is:

Fr = μ * N * Uv

Where:

It is the physical magnitude that expresses the effort necessary to move the mass of one kilogram with an acceleration of one meter per second squared, this is expressed in units of the international system in Newton.

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Measuring human proportions on skeletal remains from ancient sites as well as among modern human populations is known as: anthropometry

The anthropometry is the part of science that studies the proportions of the human body, using non-invasive methods such as the measurement of body mass, height and width.

By using anthropometry it is possible to assess the size, proportions and composition of the human body which gives a measure that reflects the nutritional state of health and allows predicting the performance, health and survival of the individual under analysis.

It is the amount of mass associated with a person's body

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Cells can be observed under a brightfield microscope as translucent objects against a vivid background.

Objects that are translucent allow some light to pass through them. Translucent materials include certain polymers and frosted glass. Only a portion of the light that strikes transparent materials goes through. It takes the materials some time for the light to flow through them. Waxed paper, thin plastic sheets, butter paper, and vegetable oil are a few examples of translucent materials. This mnemonic should help you remember when to use transparent because transparent objects are clear and light may readily pass through them. The thing would be translucent if light still enters it, but it is less noticeable. An opaque object is one through which no light can flow.

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With an increase in strain rate, ductility decreases and tensile strength increases. Option b. decreases, increases is the correct answer

The ductility of materials decreases as the strain rate rises. The reason is that the material exhibits brittle behaviour. Material increases in tensile strength.

Ductility: A material's ductility refers to its capacity to withstand plastic deformation or drawing without breaking. As a result, it provides information on how "soft" or pliable the material is.

Tensile strength: Maximum load a material can bear without breaking when it is stretched, divided by the material's initial cross-sectional area.

Therefore, option b. is the correct answer for the given question

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When an object falls through the air, its velocity increases and its acceleration decreases.

A vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion is what is meant by the term "velocity." Simply said, velocity is the rate of movement in a single direction. Velocity may be used to gauge both the speed of a rocket launching into space and the speed of a car traveling north on a busy freeway.

As you might have anticipated, the velocity vector's scalar (absolute value) magnitude corresponds to the motion's speed. The first derivative of position with respect to time is known as velocity in calculus. There is a straightforward formula that combines rate, distance, and time to calculate velocity.

The following method is the most typical approach to get the constant velocity of an item traveling straight ahead:

r = d / t

The rate or speed is r. (sometimes denoted as v for velocity)

d is the traveled distance.

t is the amount of time needed to finish the movement

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