This is an example of paracrine signaling.
What are neurotransmitters?A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries and transfers the signal between neurons. Some examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine.
The process in which one cell responds to the other cell or outside the cell is called cell signaling. There are three types of cell signaling:
Autocrine signalingParacrine signalingEndocrine signalingThe cells which release neurotransmitter and affect neighboring cell is an example of Paracrine signaling.
Endocrine signaling is an example of long distance communication between hormones.
In autocrine signaling the signaling molecules target cell itself.
Therefore, This is an example of paracrine signaling.
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Helminths are:_________
a. molds.
b. protozoa.
c. infectious
d. particles.
e. parasitic worms.
bacteria.
Helminths are parasitic worms.
Parasitic Worms- Large macro-parasites called helminths, or parasitic worms, are typically visible as adults to the unaided eye. Many are soil-transmitted intestinal worms that infect the gastrointestinal system. Schistosomes and other parasitic worms live in blood vessels.
Gastrointestinal system- The alimentary canal, often known as the digestive system, is the body's mechanism for ingesting food and expelling solid waste. The mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus are all parts of the gastrointestinal system.
Helminths- Invertebrates known as helminths have elongated, flat, or circular bodies. Flukes and tapeworms are considered flatworms, often known as platyhelminths (platy is a Greek word that means "flat").
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Use the following image to complete the sentences below.
An anatomy drawing of a cell shows different parts labeled as W, X, Y, and Z with the arrows.
The structure labeled as X is the
, so the cell in the image is a
. The structure labeled as W is the
, so the cell in the image is a
.
The structure labelled as X is the Nucleolus, so the cell in the image is a Eukaryotic cell. The structure labelled as W is the Chloroplast, so the cell in the image is a Plant cell.
What is a Plant Cell?Plant cells are the eukaryotic cells present in plants. Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Chloroplasts are the double-membranous organelles present in plant cells. These are absent in animal cells. They contain green-pigment called chlorophyll. These are responsible for photosynthesis.
Therefore, the image given is of a plant cell.
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when mendel crossed a plant homozygous for round seeds to another plant homozygous for wrinkled seeds, he found that all the progeny had round seeds.
When Mendel crossed a plant homozygous for round seeds to another plant homozygous for wrinkled seeds, he found that all the progeny had round seeds. This happened because the allele for round seed is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds.
Homozygous is the condition of genotype where the pair of alleles are of the same type. These alleles are present in the same locus of the sister chromatids. Presence of homozygosity is necessary for expressing the true-breeding line of any organism.
Dominant alleles are those that have the ability to mask up the effect of another allele. Such alleles can express their character even during heterozygous condition where only one such allele is present.
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which of the statements are examples of hypotheses? a scientist observes that peppered moths can exist either as a black-bodied or a white-bodied variety. a scientist proposes that birds will eat more black-bodied moths than white-bodied moths in a forest unpolluted with soot. a scientist concludes that black-peppered moths became common through natural selection. a scientist predicts that birds will eat more white-bodied moths than black-bodied moths in a forest polluted with soot from factories.
B) A scientist proposes that birds will eat more black-bodied moths than white-bodied moths in a forest unpolluted with soot. D) a scientist predicts that birds will eat more white-bodied moths than black-bodied moths in a forest polluted with soot from factories. Options B and D are hypothesis.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is expected to occur.
The hypothesis is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables. The exposed relationship must be logical and clear.
We need to consider that the independent variables always influences the dependent variables, so it is a cause-effect sequence.
The general structure is,
"IF something happens (involving the independent variable), THEN something else will happen (involvig the dependent variable)".
Let us analyze the statements,
a scientist observes that peppered moths can exist either as a black-bodied or a white-bodied variety.This is an observation, not a hypothesis. This is probably what triggers the question.
a scientist proposes that birds will eat more black-bodied moths than white-bodied moths in a forest unpolluted with soot.This is an example of hypothesis. The researcher thinks that in unpolluted soils birds will feed more on black moths than white moths.
a scientist concludes that black-peppered moths became common through natural selection.This is the conclusion of the experiment.
a scientist predicts that birds will eat more white-bodied moths than black-bodied moths in a forest polluted with soot from factories.This is another example of hypothesis. The researcher thinks that in polluted soils (dark soils) birds will feed more on white moths than black moths.
Options B and D are hypothesis.
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If a cell has a relatively high energy need, you would expect it to have _________ mitochondria than a cell with a lower energy need.
If a cell has a relatively high energy need, you would expect it to have more mitochondria than a cell with a lower energy need.
What is mitochondria?Most eukaryotic creatures contain a mitochondrion, a double-membrane-bound organelle. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of chemical energy throughout the cell, is primarily produced by mitochondria through aerobic respiration. In the voluntary muscles of insects, they were found by Albert von Kölliker in 1857. In 1898, Carl Benda invented the name "mitochondrion." The phrase "powerhouse of the cell" was popularized by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 essay of the same name, and has since gained widespread use to refer to the mitochondrion.
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The quality of education one receives refers to the __________.
A. type of college one attends
B. type of education one receives
C. level of reading one acquires
D. how much education one receives Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
The specific gravity of a mineral is that mineral's ______ compared to that of freshwater.
The specific gravity of a mineral is that mineral's density compared to that of freshwater.
Specific gravity is the ratio between the density of an object and the density of a reference substance (water).
The density of an object is the relation that exist between the mass and the space that the object occupies. Its general formula is: ρ = m/v
Where:
v= volumeρ= densitym= massThe specific gravity value tells us whether the object will sink or float in our reference substance (water), its general formula is:
specific gravity = density of the object/ density of water
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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In a ________ economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit.
In a centrally planned socialism economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit.
What is economic system ?A country's or a region's economic system is how societies or governments manage and distribute the resources, services, and goods that are readily available. Land, capital, labor, and physical resources are all subject to economic system regulation. A traditional economy, a mixed economy, a pure command economy, and a pure market economy are the four primary categories of economic systems.
What Is a Centrally Planned Economy ?A centrally planned economy, commonly referred to as a command economy, is a form of capitalism where decisions about the production and distribution of goods are made by the government.
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Which disease is caused by a bacteria that resides in the soil, can create spores under certain environmental conditions, and is primarily a disease of animals?
Anthrax is a bacteria that resides in the soil, can create spores under certain environmental conditions and is primarily a disease of animals.
Anthrax is an infectious disease most commonly found in cattle, sheep, and goats. It is transmitted by feed or water with spores and the symptoms start to occur after 7 to 8 days.
These infections enter through cuts or abrasions on the skin. At first, a bump appears on the skin and then a 3-centimeter wide ulcer. Humans can also contract anthrax if they stay in constant touch with infected animals.
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Which capillary type is the leakiest and has specialized cells known as kupffer cells associated with them?
Sinusoid (Discontinuous) Capillaries
A unique variety of capillary, sinusoid capillaries are present in the endothelium and have quite big, open holes.
There are sinusoid blood veins in the lymph nodes, the adrenal glands, and even the bone marrow. Some cells do not have tight connections between them; these cells are typically found in the liver and spleen.
These tiny blood arteries, referred to as sinusoids, contain open pores as opposed to the continuous and fenestrated forms of capillaries. Contrary to sinusoid capillaries, which lack a diaphragm and only contain an exposed open pore, fenestrated capillaries have diaphragm-like structures that cover the pores.
The permeability of the capillary is increased by these open pores, and this permeability allows albumin and other small- and medium-sized proteins to enter and leave the bloodstream.
What are Kupffer cells used for?
Kupffer cells, sometimes referred to as stellate macrophages and Kupffer-Browicz cells, are specialized cells found in the liver's sinusoids lumen and are adhering to the endothelial cells that make up the blood channel walls. The majority of tissue-resident macrophages in the body are found in kupffer cells.
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Abnormal levels of __________ may lead to schizophrenia and parkinson’s disease. a. gaba (gamma-aminobutyric acid) b. glutamate c. serotonin d. dopamine please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
The answer is D. Dopamine.
Explanation:
A neurotransmitter generated in the region of the CNS is called dopamine (CNS).This is a hormone which brain produces that permits neurons to link, which is crucial for the body's neuro-muscular activity. Parkinson is caused by the bulk of the dopamine-producing cells being destroyed, which results in an inability to regulate one's voluntary movements; schizophrenia is caused by an overabundance of dopamine.
It affects a variety of vital bodily processes, such as mobility, memory, rewarding pleasure, and motivation. Numerous neurological & mental health conditions are correlated to dopamine levels that are high or low.
Humans can experience pleasure, happiness, and motivation due to dopamine. When you accomplish something, your brain releases more dopamine, which makes them feel happy.
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Enrico's biological parents were both musicians, so he was born with a(n) __________ that included exceptional musical ability, but because he was
Genotype
Enrico's biological parents were both musicians, so he was born with a genotype that included exceptional musical ability, but because he was never exposed to musical instruments or instruction when he was adopted, he never developed his musical ability.
What is a genotype?The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up; in other words, it characterizes an organism's whole gene pool. The phrase can also be used to describe to the alleles, or different forms of a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning.What are the three genotype types?There are three different genotype types: homozygous dominant (PP), homozygous recessive (PP), and heterozygous dominant (Pp).What does a human genotype entail?A person's genotype is made up of all the alleles they have for a certain gene. The sum of a person's attributes or observable characteristics is their phenotype. The phenotype of an organism is only impacted by its genotype, which is directly inherited from its parents.To learn more about genotype visit:
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This hearty component of the hair houses the melanin pigments and provides most of the hair's strength: ________
This hearty component of the hair houses the melanin pigments and provides most of the hair's strength is keratin.
What is melanin?
Melanin is the component present in the body and the main function of melanin is to provide color or complexion to the skin. The skin which contain more melanin is having dark skin color and the skin that contains less melanin contain fair skin.
More melanin in the body will help to protect from rays of the sun and it also prevents from skin cancer and person with less melanin has more chance to get affected by skin cancer.
The main function of melanin is to provide hair and color pigmentation to the body. Keratin is a substance that provides strength to the hair and make hair long and strong.
Therefore, This hearty component of the hair houses the melanin pigments and provides most of the hair's strength is keratin.
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Because muscle contractions often need to happen quickly, they are controlled via _____________ receptors.
Because muscle contractions often need to happen quickly, they are controlled via ionotropic receptors.
What is ionotropic?
A class of transmembrane ion channels known as ionotropic receptors respond to the binding of a chemical messenger (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, by opening or closing the channels. Endogenous ligands often attach to LGIC protein complexes at an allosteric binding site, which is situated on a separate part of the protein than the ion conduction pore. The ion channel's activity is controlled by a ligand, and it typically exhibits high selectivity for one or more ions, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, or Cl-.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the standard example of ligand-gated ion channels. It is made up of five protein subunits called pentamers, each of which has two cholinergic binding sites that, when occupied, change the receptor's structure and allow an internal pore to open.
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Thick skin __________. (one or more answers are correct. click on all correct answers for full credit.) check all that apply.
Thick skin has a thicker stratum granulosum and stratum corneum than thin skin. The capacity to remain unaffected or unoffended by the words and actions of others She can take criticism very well because of her thick skin. You must have a thicker skin if you wish to perform in front of an audience.
Your skin's appearance is significantly influenced by your genetics. If you can see tendons and veins on the backs of your hands and forearms, you probably have thinner skin due to genetics. Vitamin C-rich foods promote the creation of collagen, which contributes to the gradual thickening of the skin.
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Why is it important that the inside of a lysosome have a lower ph than the surrounding cytoplasm in the cell?
It important that the inside of a lysosome have a lower ph than the surrounding cytoplasm in the cell
Because the low pH of the lysosome aids in the breakdown of the waste material, it has a lower pH than the cytoplasm.
The lysosome is an organelle that is known as the suicid_e bag of the cell because it bursts when the cell needs to deteriorate, and the acidic pH in the lysosome causes the entire cell to be digested and cause it to break down.
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When a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, one is attached to the trna occupying the p site and the other _______.
Is joined to the tRna taking up space at site A.
When a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, one is attached to the tRna occupying the p site and the other is joined to the tRna taking up space at site A.
A dehydration synthesis or reaction takes place at the molecular level to create a peptide bond. This process, which is often referred to as a condensation reaction, typically takes place between amino acids. Two amino acids join together to form a peptide bond through a process called dehydration synthesis.What holds two amino acids together?Each amino acid is joined to another amino acid via a covalent connection, sometimes referred to as a peptide bond. As two amino acids are covalently connected by a peptide bond, the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the incoming amino acid interact and release a molecule of water.To learn more peptide bond visit:
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Which subdiscipline in biology is the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions?
Genomics
Genomics is the subdiscipline in biology that is study of whole sets of genes and their interactions.
What distinguishes genomics from genetics?Genetics is the study of individual genes, while genomics is the study of the entire genome, or all of an organism's genes, interactions among those genes, and how the environment affects those genes, according to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). Why is there a need to study genomics?Scientists may now study the genetic diversity of human populations thanks to genomics. When people think about population genetics, they frequently picture wild creatures being carried away by natural disasters, soil erosion, or predators.What kinds of genomics are there?Determine the structure of each protein encoded by the genome using structural genomics. The goal of functional genomics is to gather and use data from sequencing to describe the functions of genes and proteins. The goal of comparative genomics is to contrast the genetic characteristics of several species.
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Which method of achieving an erection is least likely to require the brain's involvement? group of answer choices
Tactile stimulation of the male reproductive organ method of achieving an erection is least likely to require the brain's involvement.
Tactile Stimulation- The senses of touch and texture are involved in tactile sensory activation. Children with tactile sensory difficulties, such as those who are autistic, may find it difficult to tolerate the sensations that are produced when they dress, groom themselves, or even chew food.
Why is tactile stimulation important?
Particularly in the early years of life, touch is essential for the growth and development of the brain. The brain does not expand to a normal size and the connections between neurons do not develop correctly without sufficient tactile input early in infancy.
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Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce ____. multiple choice question.
A. seeds within fruits
B. multicellular pollen grains
C. leaves in clusters
D. secondary vascular tissue
Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce leaves in clusters.
What are conifers?Conifers refers to those plants the bear their seeds in cones. They have seed bearing cones and one of the unique things about the pine tree is that it is an evergreen tree and maintains its green color throughout the year.
The conifers often have their leaves reduced to spines. The conifers produce softwood and are an important source of resins and turpentine. They are a common source of shrubs especially in tropical areas.
However, there is something that is unique to the pine tree among all the other conifers. Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce leaves in clusters.
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A college campus including the students, birds, trees, sidewalks, and air makes up one complete ________. community ecosystem population organism
A college campus including the students, birds, trees, sidewalks, and air makes up one complete ecosystem.
Ecosystem consist all the plants and animals living in an area along with their environment in other words biotic and abiotic component of the environment together consist ecosystem.
Ecosystem can be of various types- Forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem and tundra ecosystem.
An area that has its own flora and fauna and are constantly interacting with each other can be considered as ecosystem.
Hence a college campus including the students, birds, trees, sidewalks and air can makes up an ecosystem.
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The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _____. ionic potential tonicity covalency electronegativity polarity
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its "electronegativity" .
An atom's electronegativity gets higher as you move to the right in the periodic table. An atom's electronegativity gets higher as you move up in the periodic table. Thus, the atoms in the top right have the highest electronegativities and the atoms in the bottom left have the lowest ones
The ability of an atom or functional group to draw electrons to itself is known as an electronegativity in chemistry. An atom's electronegativity is influenced by simultaneously its atomic number and the separation between its charged nucleus and valence electrons.
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What part of the desmosome attaches cells to each other across intercellular spaces?
Tight junctions desmosome attaches cells to each other across intercellular spaces
Not all junctions between cells produce cytoplasmic connections. Instead, tight junctions create a watertight seal between two adjacent animal cells.
What is a Cell Junction ?A family of cellular structures known as cell junctions (or intercellular bridges) is made up of multiprotein complexes that allow contact or adhesion between adjacent cells or, in animals, between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
Cell junctions connect cells inside tissues and control tissue homeostasis in vital cell functions such as migration, proliferation, and function of the tissue barrier.Occludin, members of the claudin family, JAMs 1-3, cingulin, and linker proteins from the ZO family are all components of tight junctions and are responsible for binding the aforementioned proteins to one another or to the actin cytoskeleton. VASP has been identified as a component of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein complex in both endothelial and epithelial cells.Learn more about Cell junction here:
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You hae given responding paramedics a handoff report regarding your patie twho has signs and sumtpoms of an infectious disease. when documenting the incident you should:_________
You have given responding paramedics a handoff report regarding your patient who has signs and symptoms of an infectious disease. when documenting the incident you should Give a thorough summary of your evaluation results, the treatments you received, and any relevant medical history.
What is paramedics?A paramedic is a licensed member of the medical community who has the option of specializing in clinical practice, instruction, leadership, or research. They function on their own in many health and care contexts. A paramedic is a healthcare professional who specializes in providing emergency care. They are not medical experts like physicians, nurses, or physician assistants. The term "paramedic" is a compound word. Both "para" and "medic" are terms for physicians. Paramedics respond to emergencies often in an ambulance or other emergency vehicle and provide any necessary medical care immediately away. They could continue to administer medical care to keep patients as stable as possible while being transported to a hospital or other medical institution.
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Persons with __________ blood have neither antigen a nor antigen b on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-a and antibody anti-b in their plasma.
Persons with O blood have neither antigen a nor antigen b on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-a and antibody anti-b in their plasma.
ABO blood grouping was discovered by Austrian scientist Landsteiner. It consist of four blood groups- A, B, AB, & O.
Red blood cells have certain extension of the proteins that are called antigen. Two types of antigens are there antigen a & b. The RBCs which have a particular antigen will not have the antibody against the same.
Blood Group A has antigen A and antibody B. Blood group B has antigen B and antibody A. Blood group AB has both antigen and no antibodies while blood group O has no antigen and antibody A & B.
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Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to:_____.
a. blood.
b. bone.
c. fat.
d. skin.
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to bone.
Division of fishesFishes are divided into three major groups. These are:
AgnathaChondrocytes OsteocytesAgnathas are fishes without jaws, such as lampreys and hagfish.
Chondrocytes are cartilaginous fishes. They include sharks and the giant sting ray.
Osteocytes are the bony fishes. They include tilapia and other fishes that have bones as opposed to cartilage.
Thus, Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to bones.
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The imaging method that uses a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce brief electrical current pulses in the brain that then trigger action potentials in the neuron is called:__________
The imaging method that uses a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce brief electrical current pulses in the brain that then trigger action potentials in the neuron is called functional magnetic resonance imaging
However, this imaging technique is usually used to evaluate region of blood flow changes in the cortex of the brain that occur during patient performance of specific tasks
What is a neuron?A neuron can be defined as the basic and functional unit of the nervous system. Below are some types of neurons:
Sensory neuronsMotor neuronsIntermediate neuronsThe neurons of the nervous system are responsible for transmitting information and signals from one of the the nervous system to another.
The nervous system generally is divided into
Central nervous systemPeripheral nervous systemThe central nervous systemis divided into the
BrainSpinal cordThe Peripheral nervous system is divided into:
Somatic nervous systemAutonomic nervous systemThe autonomic nervous system is divided into:
Sympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous systemSo therefore, the imaging method that uses a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce brief electrical current pulses in the brain that then trigger action potentials in the neuron is called functional magnetic resonance imaging
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Your study group is trying to identify differences in the four levels of protein structure. the secondary structure but not the tertiary structure is stabilized by:________
Long polypeptide chains can fold or coil to create secondary structure. By means of hydrogen bonds, these secondary structures are created and kept in place. There are two different kinds of secondary structures:
(i) Helix: The chain is spirally wound in this shape, usually with the right hand. The carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the amino group of the following fourth amino acid form a hydrogen bond, which stabilises the helix.
(ii) Pleated sheets – In this, an intermolecular hydrogen bond is used to connect two or more chains.
What is Protein ?An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. All living things contain proteins, which are the building blocks of numerous vital biological substances like enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
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Which type of consumer does photosynthesis: heterotrophs or autotrophs?
Answer:
Explanation:
Another major difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs is that autotrophs have an important pigment called chlorophyll, which enables them to capture the energy of sunlight during photosynthesis, whereas heterotrophs do not.
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Why do temperatures
in the mesosphere decrease as altitude increases?
It is due to decreasing absorption of solar radiation by the rarefied atmosphere and increasing cooling by CO2 radiative emission.
What is mesosphere?Between 30 and 50 miles above the surface of the Earth, or 50 to 80 kilometers, is the mesosphere, a region of the upper atmosphere. The highest temperature in the stratosphere at which the mesosphere is regarded as existing is known as the stratopause, which separates the two areas.
What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere give its characteristics?The graphic below illustrates how the layers of the atmosphere can be separated based on temperature. The troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere are those layers. The exosphere is a different zone that starts roughly 500 km above the surface of the Earth.
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