The observation that shows a change in state of matter has occurred is option A) Wood burns, producing gas and an ashy residue.
A change in state of matter refers to the transformation of a substance from one physical state to another, such as from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa. In option A, when wood burns, it undergoes a chemical reaction known as combustion.
During combustion, the wood reacts with oxygen in the air and undergoes a transformation from a solid state to a gaseous state, producing gas (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) as well as an ashy residue (solid carbon and other impurities remaining after the combustion process). This change in state is accompanied by the release of heat and light.
Option B, where dew forms on the grass overnight, does not indicate a change in state of matter. Dew formation is a physical process known as condensation, where water vapor in the air cools down and changes into liquid water droplets upon contact with a colder surface (such as grass). In this case, the state of matter remains the same (from a gaseous state to a liquid state), and no new substances are formed.
Option C, where an alkali indicator changes color when added to a cleaner, also does not represent a change in state of matter. It suggests a chemical reaction between the alkali indicator and the cleaner, resulting in a color change. However, the states of matter involved (liquid or solid) do not change during this process.
In summary, option A is the observation that indicates a change in state of matter, as it involves the transformation of wood from a solid state to a gaseous state during combustion.
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In the following redox reaction identify the element undergoing oxidation and the element undergoing reduction. 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)⟶4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
According to the question the element undergoing oxidation is nitrogen (N).
What is oxidation?Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons from an atom, molecule, or ion. This process creates an oxidized version of the original molecule or ion, which can often be identified by a change in color or smell. Oxidation reactions can occur in both organic and inorganic molecules. Examples of oxidation include the rusting of iron and the browning of an apple when exposed to air. Oxidation often results in the release of energy, which can be harnessed for various applications.
This is because it is gaining oxygen (O) atoms in the reaction. The element undergoing reduction is oxygen (O). This is because it is losing electrons (in the form of oxygen atoms) in the reaction.
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Select the gas with the highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298 K. (Please EXPLAIN )? a) O2b) CO2c) H2Od) H2Oe) All have the same kinetic energry.
The gas which have highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298K is b)CO₂.So,correct option is b.
The kinetic energy of gases is a straightforward, generally critical traditional model of the thermodynamic way of behaving of gases, with which numerous foremost ideas of thermodynamics were laid out. The model depicts a gas as an enormous number of indistinguishable submicroscopic particles (iotas or atoms), which are all in consistent, fast, irregular movement. Their size is thought to be a lot more modest than the typical distance between the particles. The particles go through irregular flexible impacts among themselves and with the encasing walls of the compartment. The fundamental rendition of the model depicts the best gas, and thinks about no different communications between the particles.
The kinetic energy of gases makes sense of the perceptible properties of gases, like volume, pressure, and temperature, as well as transport properties like consistency, warm conductivity and mass diffusivity. Because of the time reversibility of minute elements (minuscule reversibility), the motor hypothesis is likewise associated with the guideline of nitty gritty equilibrium, concerning the variance dissemination hypothesis (for Brownian movement) and the Onsager proportional relations.
We know that average kinetic energy is given by the formula =(1/2) mv²
Since temperature is same for all gases, so speed will remain same.
Now,molecular mass will be deciding factor.So,gas which have high molecular mass will have more average kinetic energy.
Molecular mass of O₂=32g
Molecular mass of CO₂=44g
Molecular mass of H₂O(g)=18g
Molecular mass of H₂O(l)=18g
Hence,option b is correct.
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a concentration in terms of volume/volume is used to describe which types of solutions? responses solutions with a solid solute and a liquid solute solutions with a solid solute and a liquid solute solutions with a liquid solvent and a solid solute solutions with a liquid solvent and a solid solute solutions with a solid solvent and a solid solute solutions with a solid solvent and a solid solute solutions with a liquid solvent and a liquid solute
A concentration in terms of volume/volume is used to describe a solution with a liquid solvent and a liquid solute.
A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances is called a solution.
In a solution, there are two primary components, which are termed as,
Solute.Solvent.The minor component that is dissolved in a solution is known as the solute. The major component that dissolves the solute is known as the solvent.
For a solid substance, it is preferred to use the mass of the solid than the volume of the substance.
Whereas, in the case of liquids it is preferred to use the volume of the liquid than the mass of the liquid.
Hence, if both the solute and solvent of the solution are liquid then only a concentration in terms of volume/volume is used to describe the solution.
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a stopper was found to have a mass of 5.06 g. when placed in a graduated cylinder containing 45.2 ml of water, the volume of the stopper and water was found to be 49.4 ml. calculate the density of the stopper. enter your final answer with two (2) significant figures.
The density of an object is its mass divided by volume. The mass of a the stopper is given 5.06 g with a volume of 4.2 ml . Then the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
What is density ?Density of substance is the measure of its mass per unit volume. It describes how closely its particles are packed. Density depends on the bond type, temperature and pressure.
Volume of the object is the space occupied by its particles. Volume can be expressed in L, ml, cm³, dm³ etc. Only solids and liquids has a definite volume and the volume of gases is that of the container.
Give that, volume of water = 45.2 ml
Total volume = 49.4 ml.
then volume of stopper = 49.4 - 45.2 = 4.2 ml.
Mass of stopper = 5.06 kg
density = mass/volume
= 5.06 g / 4.2 ml
= 1.2 g/ml
Therefore, the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
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if you wanted to produce 4.30 grams of iron (iii) hydroxide, how many ml of 1.00 m fe(no3)3 would you need if you had excess sodium hydroxide?
If we wanted to produce 4.30 grams of iron (III) hydroxide, the ml of 1.00 M Fe(NO₃)₃ excess sodium hydroxide is 0.040 L.
The mass of the iron (III) hydroxide = 4.30 grams
The mass molar of iron (III) hydroxide = 106.87 g/mol
The moles of the iron (III) hydroxide = mass /molar mass
The moles of the iron (III) hydroxide = 4.30 / 106.87
The moles of the iron (III) hydroxide = 0.040 mol
The molarity = 1 M
The volume = moles / molarity
Volume = 0.040 / 1
Volume = 0.040 L
Thus, the volume of Fe(NO₃)₃ is 0.040 L.
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a doctor orders 120. ml of 4 % (m/v) ibuprofen. if you have 10. % (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, how many milliliters do you need? express the volume to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
When we have 10% (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
Lets say, we need 'x' ml of ibuprofen
the molecular weight of ibuprofen = 206.29 g/mol
now we know 4%(m/v) ibuprofen means 100ml of the total solution contains 4g of ibuprofen = 4g/206.29g/mol
= [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol of ibuprofen
100 ml contains = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol
therefore 120 ml contains = = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex] x 120 mol........(1)
10% (m/v) means 100ml contains mol
therefore we know 'x' ml is
10/206.29 × x mol........(ii)
we can say that (i) = (ii)
so we get,
120×4 = 10x
10x = 480
x = 48
so now we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
S₁×v₁ = S₂v₂
∴4 × 120 = 8 × v₂
v₂ = 48
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Hydrogen peroxide solution is used as a bleach and to clean oil paintings.
A solution of hydrogen peroxide contains 10g of hydrogen peroxide in
every 100 cm of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in g/dm"?
Answer:
Explanation:
To convert the concentration of the solution from g/100 cm to g/dm^3, we need to first convert the volume unit from cm^3 to dm^3.
1 dm^3 = 10^3 cm^3
So, if 100 cm^3 of the solution contains 10 g of hydrogen peroxide, then 10^3 cm^3 (1 dm^3) of the solution contains 10 g * (10^3 / 100) = 10^3 g = 1000 g.
Therefore, the concentration of the solution in g/dm^3 is 1000 g/dm^3.
Which change occurs with the largest increase in entropy at 25oC25oC?A. Br2(l)→Br2(g)Br2(l)→Br2(g)B. C(graphite)→C(diamond)C(graphite)→C(diamond)C. H2O(s)→H2O(l)H2O(s)→H2O(l)D. HCl(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)HCl(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)
The largest change in entropy will be in c) C(graphite) -----> C(diamond).So,correct option is c.
Entropy is a logical idea, as well as a quantifiable actual property, that is generally usually connected with a condition of turmoil, haphazardness, or vulnerability. The term and the idea are utilized in assorted fields, from traditional thermodynamics, where it was first perceived, to the minuscule depiction of nature in measurable material science, and to the standards of data hypothesis. It has found far-going applications in science and physical science, in natural frameworks and their connection to life, in cosmology, financial aspects, social science, climate science, environmental change, and data frameworks remembering the transmission of data for telecommunication.
The thermodynamic idea was alluded to by Scottish researcher and designer William Rankine in 1850 with the names thermodynamic capability and intensity potential. In 1865, German physicist Rudolf Clausius, one of the main pioneers behind the field of thermodynamics, characterized it as the remainder of a little measure of intensity to the prompt temperature.
Hence,correct option is c.
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(Complete question) is:
Which change occurs with the largest increase in entropy at 25°C?
a)Br₂(l)----->Br₂(g)
b)Br₂(g)-------->Br(l)
c)C(graphite)-------->C(diamond)
d)H₂O(s)-------->H₂O(l)
Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
A) The products have more total energy than the reactants.
B) The reactions proceed with a net release of free energy.
C) The reactions are always rapid.
D) The reactions only occur in certain organelles called exergonomes.
B) The reactions proceed with a net release of free energy.
Exergonic reactions are those that release energy.
In these reactions, the products have less potential energy than the reactants, and the difference between the two is given off as free energy that can be harnessed to do work. This means that the products have lower free energy than the reactants.
For a reaction to be exergonic, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) must be negative, which indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed without the input of additional energy. This is in contrast to endergonic reactions, which require an input of energy to proceed.
The rate of exergonic reactions can vary widely, and they may occur at different rates depending on the specific conditions of the reaction, such as temperature, concentration, and catalysts.
Exergonic reactions are important in many biological processes, including the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration, the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for cellular processes, and the digestion of food.
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If Kc = 0.042 for PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ———-> PCl5 (g) at 500 K, what is the value of Kp for this reaction at this temperature?
Answer:
no answer
Explanation:
you can get the answer If you go back to your textbook
What are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers?
Answer: ISOTOPES
Explanation:
isotopes are different types of the same element, this could be because they have an extra neutron, for example.
however, this does not apply to atoms that lose or gain electrons.
for example, Hydrogen has an isotope called Deuterium (or Hydrogen-2) and Tritium (Hydrogen-3).
suppose that aqueous solutions of barium nitrate and potassium carbonate are mixed. what is the name of the compound or compounds that precipitate? enter the name of the precipitate.
When aqueous solutions of barium nitrate and potassium carbonate are mixed, a precipitate of barium carbonate (BaCO3) will form.
A precipitate is a solid that forms and separates out of a solution when two or more soluble compounds are mixed together.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) → BaCO3 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
In this reaction, the barium cation (Ba2+) from barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) combines with the carbonate anion (CO32-) from potassium carbonate (K2CO3) to form the insoluble salt barium carbonate (BaCO3), which precipitates out of solution.
Note that the potassium cation (K+) and the nitrate anion (NO3-) remain in solution as soluble salts, potassium nitrate (KNO3).
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22.3.2 Test (CST): The Solar System
Question 7 of 10
In which coastal area is the tide rising to form a high tide?
A. One that is rotating toward the Sun
B. One that is rotating toward the Moon
C. One that is rotating away from the Moon
D. One that is rotating away from the Sun
In an ecosystem, the coastal area that is rotating toward the moon is the area where tide rising to form a high tide.
What is an ecosystem?
Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .
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chemistry, can someone walk me trough the steps and what i need to do, to solve this please! Along with the anserw would help so much!
A mole of Chromebooks lined up end to end would encircle the moon approximately 1.59 x 10^16 times.
What is the length of a standard-size school Chromebook?The length of a standard-size school Chromebook is 11.6 inches.
To determine the number of times a mole of Chromebooks lined up end to end would encircle the moon, we need to first convert the length of one Chromebook into meters and then multiply that by Avogadro's number, which is the number of particles in a mole.
One Chromebook is 11.6 inches long, which is approximately 0.2946 meters. Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23.
So, the total length of a mole of Chromebooks lined up end to end would be:
0.2946 meters * 6.022 x 10^23 = 1.75 x 10^24 meters
The circumference of the moon is approximately 10,917 kilometers, which is equal to 10,917,000 meters.
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In order to combat the cold here on campus, you may have seen OSU facilities use a brine solution to de-ice the roads and sidewalks. Brine, a concentrated salt solution, better prevents and eliminates ice from the roads, but can be more costly to store and disburse along the roadways. Why is brine a more effective de-ice solution than solid ice melt products? Select all that apply. a.Brine is NOT more effective than traditional ice melt products. b. Since brine is already a solution, the Van't Hoff Factor is higher than solid salt, making the freezing point depression greater. c. Brine is a higher concentration than solid salts, making the freezing point depression greater.d. Freezing point depression requires a solution to occur. Brine starts as a solution, where solid salt must form a solution first. e. The brine solution can more evenly coat the surface of the road, making the ice prevention more widespread.
The brine a more effective de-ice solution than solid ice melt products the correct option is b. Since brine is a already a solution, the Van't Hoff Factor is higher than the solid salt, making the freezing point depression greater.
The Salt brine for the roads is the solution of the salt that is generally the sodium chloride and the water, and it will help to keep the roads safe and use as less salt. The brine is a already a solution, the Van't Hoff Factor is higher than the solid salt, forms the freezing point depression greater.
The Freezing point depression will requires the solution to occur. The Brine to starts the solution, where the solid salt will form the solution first.
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electron orbital transition a produces light with a wavelength of 690 nm. transition b involves half the energy of transition a. what wavelength (in nm) is the light it produces?
As electron orbital transition a produces light with a wavelength of 690 nm, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is 1380 nm.
Calculating the Wavelength of Light Produced by Electron Orbital TransitionsThe energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength, so we can use the fact that transition b involves half the energy of transition a to determine the wavelength of the light it produces.
The energy of transition b is half that of transition a, so the wavelength of the light produced by transition b will be twice that of transition a. Therefore, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is:
Wavelength b = 2 x Wavelength a
Wavelength b = 2 x 690 nm
Wavelength b = 1380 nm
So, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is 1380 nm.
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a 1.07 g sample of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.210 m koh. what is the molar mass of the acid if 26.5 ml of the koh solution is required to neutralize the sample?
The molar mass of the monoprotic acid, given that 1.07 g of the acid was dissolved in water is 192.27 g/mol
How do I determine the molar mass of the monoprotic acid?We'll begin by obtaining the mole of KOH in the solution. Details below:
Molarity of KOH = 0.210 MVolume of KOH = 26.5 mL = 26.5 / 1000 = 0.0265 LMole of KOH =?Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of KOH = 0.210 × 0.0265
Mole of KOH = 0.005565 mole
Next, we shall determine the mole of the monoprotic acid. Details below:
Balanced equation:
HA + KOH —> KA + H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of KOH reacted with 1 mole of HA.
Therefore,
0.005565 mole of KOH will also react with 0.005565 mole of HA.
Finally, we shall determine the molar mass of the monoprotic acid. Details below:
Mole of monoprotic acid = 0.005565 moleMass of diprotic acid = 1.07 gMolar mass of monoprotic acid =?Molar mass = mass / mole
Molar mass of monoprotic acid = 1.07 / 0.005565
Molar mass of monoprotic acid = 192.27 g/mol
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in water, 1 mol of al(clo3)3 (aq) will dissociate into which ions?
In water, 1 mol of Al(ClO₃)₃ (aq) will dissociate into two moles of Al³⁺ ions and three moles of ClO³⁻ions.
In water, 1 mol of Al(ClO₃)₃ (aq) will dissociate into the following ions: Al³⁺and ClO³⁻.
When Al(ClO₃)₃ is dissolved in water, it will dissociate into its constituent ions. The Al³⁺ ion will separate from the three ClO³⁻ ions. This process is known as dissociation and is a common occurrence when ionic compounds are dissolved in water.
The resulting solution will contain Al³⁺ and ClO³⁻ions that are free to move around and interact with other ions in the solution. In summary, 1 mol of Al(ClO₃)₃ (aq) will dissociate into 1 mol of Al³⁺ ions and 3 mol of ClO³⁻ ions in water.
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What is meant by redox reaction?
Answer:
A redox reaction, also known as oxidation-reduction reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of a molecule changes due to the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule.
Answer:
A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance.
Explanation:
in lab you're required to make 250.0 ml of a 1.7 m naoh solution. how many grams of naoh should you measure out to make the solution
you need to measure out 17.0 grams of NaOH to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL.
To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL, we can use the formula:
moles of solute = concentration (in M) x volume (in L)
First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters:
250.0 mL = 250.0 / 1000 = 0.25 L
Now, we can plug in the values:
moles of NaOH = 1.7 M x 0.25 L
moles of NaOH = 0.425 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of NaOH required using its molar mass:
mass of NaOH = moles of NaOH x molar mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol (sodium: 22.99 g/mol, oxygen: 15.99 g/mol, hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol).
mass of NaOH = 0.425 mol x 40.00 g/mol
mass of NaOH = 17.0 g
Therefore, To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL, we can use the formula:
moles of solute = concentration (in M) x volume (in L)
First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters:
250.0 mL = 250.0 / 1000 = 0.25 L
Now, we can plug in the values:
moles of NaOH = 1.7 M x 0.25 L
moles of NaOH = 0.425 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of NaOH required using its molar mass:
mass of NaOH = moles of NaOH x molar mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol (sodium: 22.99 g/mol, oxygen: 15.99 g/mol, hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol).
mass of NaOH = 0.425 mol x 40.00 g/mol
mass of NaOH = 17.0 g
Therefore, you need to measure out 17.0 grams of NaOH to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL.
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For the first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 at a particular temperature. The half-life of N2O5 is 0. 90 hours. What fraction of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain after 2. 4 hours?
After 2.4 hours, only 15.8% of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain when first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 at a particular temperature. The half-life of N2O5 is 0. 90 hours.
The first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 has a rate constant k that can be determined using the half-life of N2O5. The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by the equation:
t1/2 = ln(2) / k
where t1/2 is the half-life and ln is the natural logarithm.
Substituting the given half-life of 0.90 hours into this equation, we can solve for the rate constant k:
0.90 = ln(2) / k
k = ln(2) / 0.90
k = 0.77 / hour
Now we can use the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction to determine the fraction of the initial concentration of N2O5 that will remain after 2.4 hours:
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -kt
where [N2O5]t is the concentration of N2O5 at time t, [N2O5]0 is the initial concentration of N2O5, and k is the rate constant.
We want to find [N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 when t = 2.4 hours. We know that t1/2 = 0.90 hours, so after one half-life (0.90 hours), the concentration of N2O5 will be reduced to half its initial value. After two half-lives (1.80 hours), the concentration will be reduced to one quarter of its initial value, and so on. We can use this information to determine that 2.4 hours is equal to 2.67 half-lives:
2.4 hours / 0.90 hours per half-life = 2.67 half-lives
Substituting this value into the integrated rate law, we get:
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -kt
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -(0.77 / hour) x (2.4 hours)
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -1.85
Taking the antilogarithm of both sides, we get:
[N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 = e^-1.85
[N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 = 0.158
Therefore, after 2.4 hours, only 15.8% of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain.
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acid rain can damage your skin. group of answer choices true false only if you swim in an acidic lake
It is False that acid rain can damage your skin so the correct option among group of choices is (B) False.
Acid rain typically refers to rain with a pH below 5.6, which is more acidic than normal rain. While acid rain can damage certain materials, such as metals and buildings, it is unlikely to directly damage human skin. This is because the skin has a protective outer layer that helps to regulate the pH and prevent the penetration of harmful substances.
However, swimming in an acidic lake could potentially damage the skin, as the acid can disrupt the pH balance of the skin and cause irritation or burns. Additionally, exposure to acid rain can indirectly harm human health by damaging crops and forests, which can impact the food supply and air quality.
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a swimming pool whose volume is gal contains water that is ​% chlorine. starting at t​0, city water containing ​% chlorine is pumped into the pool at a rate of ​gal/min. the pool water flows out at the same rate. what is the percentage of chlorine in the pool after ​? when will the pool water be ​% ​chlorine?
the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be % When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water.
The pool has a total volume of gal, and it is initially filled with water containing % chlorine. Starting at t0, city water containing % chlorine is pumped into the pool at a rate of gal/min. At the same time, the pool water flows out of the pool at the same rate.
After minutes, the pool will contain % chlorine. This can be determined by calculating the amount of chlorine that will be in the pool after minutes, which is calculated by adding the amount of chlorine that was initially in the pool and the amount of chlorine that will be added to the pool from the city water. When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water, the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be %.
When the pool water reaches % chlorine, this will happen after minutes. This can be determined by calculating the amount of chlorine that will be in the pool after minutes, which is calculated by subtracting the amount of chlorine that was initially in the pool, and adding the amount of chlorine that will be added to the pool from the city water. When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water, the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be %.
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The rays that damage the skin are call?
Answer:
ultraviolet, or UV rays from the sun can damage yor skin. thats why you put on sunscreen lol
What is defined as the mass of a substance per mole of that substance?
The mass of a substance per mole of that substance is defined as its molar mass. The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of that substance and is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
The molar mass of a substance is used to convert between the number of moles of a substance and its mass, which can be useful in various chemical calculations and reactions. For example, if you know the molar mass of a substance, you can calculate the number of moles present in a given mass of that substance by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
In addition to its use in chemical calculations, the molar mass of a substance is also used in determining the density of a substance, as well as in various other physical and chemical properties. The molar mass can also be used to compare different substances, as substances with a larger molar mass typically have different physical and chemical properties than substances with a smaller molar mass.
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in the lab you measured the initial mass of hydrated to be 9.5 grams. after heating the substance to a constant mass, you measure the final mass of the anhydrate to be 3.77 g. determine the percent by mass of water in the hydrated.
The percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound is 60.3%.
What is percentage by mass?Percentage by mass is a way to express the concentration of a solution or the composition of a mixture as a percentage of the total mass of the solution or mixture. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute or component of interest by the total mass of the solution or mixture and multiplying by 100%.
The formula for percentage by mass is:
Percentage by mass = (Mass of solute or component / Total mass of solution or mixture) x 100%
The mass of water in the hydrated compound can be calculated by subtracting the final mass of the anhydrate from the initial mass of the hydrated:
Mass of water = Initial mass of hydrated - Final mass of anhydrate Mass of water = 9.5 g - 3.77 g Mass of water = 5.73 g
The percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound can be calculated using the following formula:
Percent by mass = (Mass of water / Initial mass of hydrated) x 100%
Substituting the values we get:
Percent by mass = (5.73 g / 9.5 g) x 100% Percent by mass = 60.3%
Therefore, the percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound is 60.3%.
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why is it more accurate to standardize the naoh with khp than to standardize with a solution of hcl?
It is more accurate to standardize the NaOH with KHP than to standardize with a solution of HCl because it is stable under the acid base reaction conditions and has a high molecular weight.
Titration processes may occasionally claim a standardization process to regularize a secondary standard using a primary standard. This is because a secondary standard is what will be used in the titration of a certain analyte and its original attention may not be known directly beforehand.
Strong base solutions need to be standardised since chemicals like NaOH will inadvertently pick up moisture from the air and react with gases like CO2 to produce undesired contaminants in the base's stock sample. As a result, we cannot be certain that the mass of NaOH pellets we measure to create a desired solution is the mass of NaOH itself. The bulk consists of all of the impurities together. As a result, we cannot be certain of the base concentration in the solution we make.
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the thermometer you use to measure the freezing temperature of the solvent actually records a temperature that is 0.12c too high. unfortunately you break this thermometer and borrow a fellow students thermometer, which reads 0.11c too low. if the molality of your solution is 0.30, calculate the contribution to the percentage error in your result due to not correcting for the errors in the thermometer readings.
The contribution to the percentage error in the freezing point depression due to the errors in the thermometer readings is 1.76%.
The freezing point depression is a colligative property that depends only on the molality of the solute particles in a solution and is independent of the identity of the solute. Therefore, the freezing point depression is given by the equation:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
where ΔTf is the change in the freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent, and molality is the concentration of solute particles in moles per kilogram of solvent.
However, in this case, there are errors in the thermometer readings that can contribute to the uncertainty in the calculated freezing point depression. The errors are +0.12°C for the initial thermometer and -0.11°C for the borrowed thermometer.
The total error due to thermometer readings is the sum of the errors from both thermometers, which is:
Total error = +0.12°C - 0.11°C = +0.01°C
The percentage error due to the thermometer readings can be calculated as:
Percentage error = (total error / measured freezing point) x 100%
The measured freezing point is the sum of the actual freezing point depression and the error due to the thermometer readings. Assuming that the actual freezing point depression was accurately measured, the measured freezing point can be expressed as:
Measured freezing point = actual freezing point depression + total error
Since the molality of the solution is given as 0.30, the actual freezing point depression can be calculated using the freezing point depression constant for the solvent.
Assuming a typical freezing point depression constant for the water of 1.86°C/m, the actual freezing point depression would be:
actual freezing point depression = Kf x molality = 1.86°C/m x 0.30 mol/kg = 0.558°C
Therefore, the measured freezing point would be:
Measured freezing point = actual freezing point depression + total error = 0.558°C + 0.01°C = 0.568°C
The percentage error due to the thermometer readings would be:
Percentage error = (total error / measured freezing point) x 100% = (0.01°C / 0.568°C) x 100% = 1.76%
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Which substances leave the blood by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells?
-Carbon dioxide
-Steroid hormones
-Oxygen
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are two substances that can diffuse directly from the blood through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells.
After exiting circulation, red blood cells transport oxygen, which is required for aerobic respiration, and this oxygen diffuses into the body's cells.
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration and diffuses into the bloodstream from the cells. In contrast to carbon dioxide and oxygen steroid hormones are too large to diffuse through the membrane instead they must be transferred into or out of the cell by a specific carrier molecule known as a transporter protein.
As a result, steroid hormones do not rapidly diffuse past the plasma membrane of endothelial cells and depart the body.
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How do you find the valence core and unpaired electrons?
To find the valence core and unpaired electrons of an atom or molecule, one must first identify the outer electrons of the atom or molecule.
This can be done by looking at the electron configuration of the atom or molecule. The valence core is the set of electrons in the outermost energy level, which is also referred to as the valence shell.
The number of unpaired electrons is equal to the number of electrons in the valence shell that is not part of a covalent bond.
To determine the number of unpaired electrons in a molecule, it is necessary to subtract the total number of electrons in covalent bonds from the total number of electrons in the valence shell.
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