Scientists have proposed that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose by a process called Endosymbiosis, in which a smaller cell comes to live inside a larger cell.
Endosymbiosis is a symbiotic connection in which one organism lives inside the other. The term "primary endosymbiosis" describes the first time an ancient eukaryotic cell internalized prokaryotes, giving rise to the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Symbiotic- A tight ecological link between members of two (or more) distinct species is known as symbiosis. One species may gain from a symbiotic connection at the expense of the other, or both species may benefit only sometimes. The most famous example of symbiotic relationship is Lichen.
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Some biological anthropologists analyze human remains to provide legal evidence. this special type of anthropology is known as:_____
The largest known bacterium, thiomargarita namibiensis, can get as large as 0.75 millimeters (mm). is that smaller or larger than a human egg cell (130 micrometers)?
From nanobacteria, which have a diameter of 0.2 micrometres, to Thiomargarita namibiensis, which has cells as large as 750 micrometres, bacteria's biomass ranges by more than 10 orders of magnitude.
Which microorganisms are the tiniest and largest?Mycoplasma genitalium, which has a diameter of 200–300 nm, is the tiniest microbe. While Thiomargarita namibiensis, which has a diameter of 100–300 micrometres, is the largest/longest bacteria (0.1–0.3millimetres).
According to Schulz, it depends on sporadic storms to stir nitrate-rich water into the loose ooze since it is embedded in the sediment. It requires a sizable nitrate container to survive through the times between storms.
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A test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood?
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood.
In 1959, biophysicist Rosalyn Yalow and physician Solomon A. Berson developed a sensitive method for measuring very small amounts of a substance in the blood called radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a technique that make use of radioisotopes, usually iodine-125, as a tag or label for the detection of antigen. This technique determines the concentration of an antigen based on the competitive binding between radiolabeled and unlabeled antigen for its specific high affinity antibody.
It is very sensitive that it can measure concentrations up to 0.001 μg/ml.
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Neurotransmitters can __________________ receptors to turn them on or __________________ them to stop them from transmitting.
Neurotransmitters can excite receptors to turn them on and stop them from transmitting.
To influence another cell across a synaptic gap, a neuron produces a chemical signaling agent known as a neurotransmitter. Any significant organ, target cell, gland, or muscle cell that receives the signal could be another neuron as well. These signals enable you to move your limbs, experience sensations, maintain your heartbeat, as well as receive and process all the information your body receives from other internal body components and your environment. From one neuron (nerve cell) to the following target cell, neurotransmitters transfer chemical signals, or "messages."
The majority of estimates suggest that the neurotransmitter transient lasts only a few hundred to several hundred of microseconds, indicating that post-synaptic activation is marked by a significant degree of non-equilibrium.
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Ecology includes studying ecosystems at different levels. arrange these levels from the narrowest, most specific level to the widest, broadest level. place the narrowest level on top.
Ecology includes studying ecosystems at different levels and these levels are arranged from the narrowest, most specific level to the widest, broadest level and when placed from the narrowest level on top as organisms, populations, communities, and biomes.
The study of ecosystems is included by a branch of biology called ecology that deals with interactions between organisms(biotic) and their physical (abiotic) environment. The study of organisms is actually physiological ecology that studies the internal environment of organisms and how the abiotic factors affect them. The abiotic factors present in an ecosystem are temperature, light, water, and soil.
Ecology is concerned with four levels of biological organization - organisms, populations, communities, and biomes. Thus, the levels of ecology from the narrowest to the broadest are organisms, populations, communities, and biomes.
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Why was it important in the methodology of the messelson-stahl experiment that they used 15n?
Meselson-Stahl performed experiment that research about how DNA replicates and for this they provide a basis for the genetic phenomena of heredity and diseases.
They used two isotopes of nitrogen 14n and 15n because nitrogen is the major and basic constituents of DNA. They use 15n because it is the most abundant isotope of nitrogen and DNA is more functional with the heavier isotope 15n.
When the DNA sample is adding the bacteria to nitrogen-14 and by centrifugation in CsCl, then the DNA contain 15n form a single band low in tube.
Heredity is the passing of any physical character genetically from one generation to another.
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What is the sequence of events that occur in order for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland to release hormones into the blood?
Your body's sophisticated control and coordination center is located in your hypothalamus, a structure deep inside your brain. Its major job is to maintain homeostasis, a constant state of equilibrium in your body. It carries out its function through controlling hormones or by directly affecting your autonomic nervous system.
What are the endocrine cells?The gut's endocrine cells are a significant source of the hormones that regulate metabolism, digestion, and appetite. They are mostly found in two places: islets in the pancreas and sporadic clusters in the mucosal epithelium of the gut.
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What can you conclude about a molecule that must be co-transported with more than 1na relative to a molecule that is co-transported with only 1na ?
The answer to the question is-
The molecule co-transported with more than 1 Na+ is always moving against a steeper concentration and requires more energy as opposed to the molecule that is co-transported with only 1 Na+.
What is Na+?The chemical element sodium has the atomic number 11 and the letter Na, which derives from the Latin natrium. It is a malleable, silvery-white, and extremely reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal. Only 23Na is a stable isotope of it. It is necessary to prepare the free metal from compounds because it does not exist in nature. Numerous minerals, including feldspars, sodalite, and halite, include sodium, which is the sixth most prevalent element in the Earth's crust (NaCl). Since the Earth's minerals have been slowly leached of their sodium ions over eons by the action of water, many salts of sodium are very water soluble. Sodium and chlorine are the most prevalent dissolved elements.
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For which method of determining population size is the population not aware of the sampler’s presence? a. mark/recapture b. direct observation c. sampling d. indirect observation please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
(D) indirect observation is the right response since it is a method of determining population size is the population not aware of the sampler's presence.
The population is not aware of the sampler's presence when indirect observation is used to estimate population size. The population's members may be few or elusive when employing indirect observation.
It can be simpler to look for their footprints or other traces than the actual organisms. As animals are viewed from a distance without being in contact with them, this technique is the least invasive.
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The nerves of the somatic nervous system connects to which two parts of the body? a. motor muscles and chemical receptors b. heart muscles and sensory receptors c. cranial muscles and motor receptors d. skeletal muscles and sensory receptors please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer D skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
Explanation: the somatic nervous system is part of the nervous system that function for voluntary movement
The nerves of the somatic nervous system connects to which two parts of the body is skeletal muscles and sensory receptors. The correct option is d.
What is somatic nervous system?The somatic nervous system, also known as the voluntary nervous system, is a part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements through skeletal muscles.
The autonomic nervous system is made up of nerves that link the central nervous system to visceral organs like the heart, stomach, and intestines. It facilitates unconscious activities.
The somatic nervous system connects the central nervous system to the muscles and skin of the body.
Its primary function is to control voluntary movements and reflex arcs, as well as to assist us in processing touch, sound, taste, and smell.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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How could scientists use radioisotopes to study the function of the golgi apparatus?.
Answer:
Scientists use radioisotopes to study the function of the golgi apparatus Radiolabeled sugars could be tracked as they are covalently attached to proteins within the Golgi apparatus
Explanation:
The majority of eukaryotic cells include the Golgi apparatus, commonly referred to as the Golgi body, Golgi Organelle, or just the Golgi. It loads proteins inside membrane-bound organelles within the cells just before vesicles are delivered to their target. It is a component of an endomembrane system inside the cytoplasmic.
The Italian biologist Camillo Golgi discovered it in 1897, and his name was given to it in 1898. It processes the proteins produced inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum, delivers proteins to various cell locations, and transfers the Golgi enzymes that modify cargo proteins. The Golgi body looks like a stack containing membranes. However it is not present in prokaryotic cell.
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Select all the body and cellular processes that require cell division (mitosis or meiosis) to function.
The body and cellular processes that require cell division (mitosis or meiosis) to function growth and development, reproduction, replace dead cells
What is cell division?When people talk about "cell division," they typically refer to the process of creating new body cells called mitosis. Egg and sperm cells are produced through a process called meiosis. The basic process of life is mitosis.
To create more cells, cells need to divide. Binary fission, meiosis, and mitosis are the three processes they use to finish this division.
Growth and development depend on cell division, which is essential to all living things. Cell division, an essential part of all life's reproduction processes, enables organisms to pass on their genetic makeup to their progeny.
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The heart has four chambers, but one of them is notably thicker and comprised of the most muscle tissue. which chamber of the human heart is the most muscular and therefore the strongest?
Out of the four chambers, the left ventricle of the human heart is the most muscular and therefore the strongest.
Heart is the organ that circulates blood to the entire body. It is made up of cardiac muscles that regulate its pumping all the time. These are involuntary muscles. The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atriums and 2 ventricles. One side of the heart is involved in the regulation of oxygenated blood while to other side regulates the deoxygenated blood.
The left ventricle of the heart is the major blood pumping chamber. It pumps the oxygenated blood to the complete body. Thus requires very much force and hence this is why it is the most muscular and strongest chamber of the heart.
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A digestive cavity in which food enters an opening at one end and passes through the animal in one direction as it is digested is called the:________
What happens if you are following the scientific method and after your experiment, your hypothesis is found to be incorrect?
A. you should give up on the problem because you got the answer wrong
B. you should think of a new question to study
C. you should make an observation
D. you should refine, alter, expand or reject your hypothesis and then develop a new prediction
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Don't give up! Keep trying to make a correct hypothesis.
Answer:
I took the test and it was “D”
Explanation:
I also put some pics below with things that could help out a bit in the future.
Keratin proteins are made of long chains of _______________linked together end-to-end like beads.
Keratin proteins are made of long chains of amino acids linked together end-to-end like beads.
Your skin is supported, wounds are treated, and your hair and nails are kept in good condition. Your body contains 54 different varieties of keratin. The two are as follows: Type I: 28 of the 54 different types of keratins in your body are type.The substances known as amino acids, or the "building blocks of proteins," play a variety of vital functions in your body.You require them for essential functions like producing hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins. Some people use particular amino acids as supplements as a natural way to enhance or increase sports performance.To learn more about keratin.
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In a human somatic cell (normal body cell) that is in g2, what would be true about chromosome number and structure? check all that apply.
Diploid- The terminology "diploid" describes an organism's cells having two full sets of chromosomes, with one chromosome from each parent present in each pair. Since humans are diploid, the majority of their cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosome- A component that can be found in a cell's nucleus. Proteins and DNA are arranged into genes on a chromosome. There are typically 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell.
Sister Chromatid- Sister chromatids are identical duplicate copies of one chromosome that are joined to one another.
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The fine adjustment knob on the microscope? all of the answer choices are correct. locates the focus plane. locates the specimen. fine-tunes the focus.
The focus can be adjusted with the microscope's fine adjustment knob.
The fine adjustment knob, what is it?In order to fine focus the image when looking at higher magnifications, a slow but exact control is used.What does a microscope's precise focus do?Focus (fine), After bringing the image into focus with the coarse focus knob, use the fine focus knob to make it more sharply focused. Illuminator, Most microscopes include an illuminator incorporated into the base.How far can the stage be moved using the fine adjustment knob?The coarse focus knob typically travels at a pace that is one tenth that of the fine focus knob. As a result, you can adjust the focus quite precisely. Even using the fine focus knob to concentrate on the specimen with the high power objective is challenging.To learn more about microscope visit:
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Some properties of neoplastic cells are the same as the properties of normal cells, including?
Some properties of neoplastic cells are the same as the properties of normal cells, including mitosis.
Neoplastic cells are those that gain the property of dividing uncontrollably. These cells form aggregate of cells also called the tumor, which if gain the property of metastasis, become cancerous. If they are present at one place only, they are termed as benign.
Mitosis is the form of cell division. It is also called equational division. The genetic material is passed as it is from the parent cell to the daughter cells. There are 4 phases in mitosis. These are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. All the somatic cells in humans undergo mitosis.
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Rosa receives a low grade on her biology midterm exam. if we know that rosa is low in self-esteem, we might expect her to:_____.
We might expect her to perform poorly on the next test
What is Self esteem ?How we see and regard ourselves is a measure of our self-esteem. It is founded on our perceptions of ourselves, which can be challenging to alter. This could also be referred to as confidence. Depending on your level of self-esteem, you might: Like and appreciate yourself as a person.
Learning to accept our flaws while yet choosing to enjoy ourselves helps us develop self-esteem. Every time a youngster engages in effective exchanges using encouraging words, their sense of self-worth increases. Building a child's self-confidence in their ability to manage their life is crucial.Learn more about Self esteem here:
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A disinfectant was added to a culture of bacteria containing 20,000,000 cfus per milliliter to start. since the d value of the disinfectant is 1 minute and 20 seconds, there will be:_________
A disinfectant was added to a culture of bacteria containing 20,000,000 CFUs per milliliter to start. Since the D value of the disinfectant is 1 minute and 20 seconds, there will be 20,000 CFUs per ml after 4 minutes.
Gut bacteria can also be estimated using the CFU/ml. Colony-forming unit, or CFU, is a term used to represent the quantity of live microbes in a probiotic supplement, cheese slice, kombucha, or any other environment that supports single-celled organisms (including your stool).A component of evaluating the effectiveness of novel contact lens disinfecting solutions is the determination of a D value for particular test organisms. The time needed for the number of surviving microorganisms to drop by one logarithmic unit is a frequent definition for this measure.A measure of the quantity of viable colonogenic cells per millilitre is called a colony forming unit (CFU). These give an idea of how many cells are still alive and able to divide and form tiny colonies.To learn more about CFU.
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Nettie is in the laboratory working with cultured neurons. she wants to record the voltage following the opening of the sodium channels. what does she need to do to get the sodium channels to open?
What Nettie needs to do to get the sodium channels to open is as follows;
Add a solution that will lead to the membrane depolarizationWhat are the sodium channels and what is their function?Sodium channels function as rapid transmitters of impulses that causes depolarization all through cell networks and cells, such that processes such as cognition and locomotion, which are higher processes are enabled
The regular state of sodium channels is a "closed" or resting state at which state (condition) sodium ions are not conducted. The act of membrane depolarization stimulation, activates or results in the sodium channels being "opened".
When voltage–gated sodium channels open allowing the influx of sodium ions, results in depolarization.
Therefore, to open the get the sodium channels to open, Nettie should;
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An advantageous mutation is more likely to get fixed in a population through genetic drift than is a deleterious mutation. true/ false
False: an advantageous mutation can get fixed in a population through genetic drift than a deleterious mutation.
A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA of an organism. It can be a result of errors in the replication of DNA during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or any infection.
Genetic drift: The fluctuations in the number of variations in genes of a population are called genetic drift. It takes place when the occurrence of variant forms of a gene, called alleles. Which increases or decreases by chance over time.
Deleterious mutation: An alteration of genetic material that increases an individual's susceptibility to a certain disease or disorder. In this mutation, the protein product of a gene is not produced, and if it is produced it does not function, or if produced it interferes with normal function.
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The ________ are formed by four hollow and interconnected spaces within the brain.
The ventricles are formed by four hollow and interconnected spaces within the brain.
In a pool of cerebrospinal fluid, the brain floats. Deep inside your brain, in a structure known as the ventricles, this fluid also fills sizable open spaces. The brain is buoyant and cushioned by the fluid-filled ventricles.
The ventricles of the brain are a network of interconnected cavities inside the brain parenchyma that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The cerebral aqueduct, the third ventricle, the second lateral ventricle, and the fourth ventricle make up the ventricular system. Following a cycle of continuous production and reabsorption, the choroid plexuses, which are found in the ventricles, create CSF, which fills the ventricles and subarachnoid space. The choroid plexus, a specialized membrane composed of ependymal cells, lines the ventricles.
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What would happen to translation if each type of rna were degraded?
If each type of RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA) degraded then there will be no translation at all which further leads to inhibition of protein synthesis.
RNA- All living cells contain ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid with properties comparable to those of DNA. However, RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA. Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of alternate phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
Protein synthesis- The method through which ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and different enzymes are used to organize amino acids into proteins in a linear fashion.
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A new drug is developed that inhibits formation of the flagellar filament by impairing production of the protein flagellin. is this going to be a good drug?
A new drug being developed that inhibits formation of the flagellar filament by impairing production of the protein flagellin can be useful for the pathogens that use flagella as the means of movement, but the drug would not be effective against those pathogens that do not use flagella.
Flagella is the motility structure present in various living organisms. It is a thin, slender, thread-like structure. There are a few structural differences in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella. Eukaryotes can have various flagella in a cell, but prokaryotes generally have one.
The protein flagellin is present in the prokaryotic flagella. The structure of the protein is globular that arranges itself in a cylinder-like manner inside the flagella.
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What has been suggested as a means for hydrothermal vent organisms to disperse over great distances between vent systems?
Whale falls have been suggested as a means for hydrothermal vent organisms to disperse over great distances between vent systems.
A whale fall is the name given to a dead whale whose carcass has sunk deep into the ocean. This carcass becomes a source of various nutrients for the deep-water creatures.
Initially, scavengers break-down the soft tissues over the first few months. Meanwhile, several opportunists colonize the bones and surrounding sediments. These organic materials enrich the sediments nearby for almost a year.
The skeleton of the whale is rich in lipids. This provides the means for the development of chemo-synthesis-based communities like hydrothermal vent organisms. It also provides a substrate for invertebrate colonization.
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The only part of a triglyceride that can be used to make glucose (via gluconeogenesis) is the __________.
The only part of a triglyceride that can be used to make glucose (via gluconeogenesis) is the glycerol backbone.
A triglyceride is a type of fat. It consists of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids attached to each of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol. High quantities of triglyceride can be harmful for the body, especially the heart. The normal range of triglycerides in the body should be less than 150 mg/dL.
Glycerol is a three carbon structure consisting of three hydroxyl groups attached to each carbon. It is of great importance for living organisms as it forms the backbone for various phospholipids and other lipid structures.
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What are four possible reasons a cell might not be able to create and deliver all the protein it needs
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can cause alteration in signaling pathways, transcription, translation, and epigenetics is a reason that a cell might not be able to create and deliver all the protein it needs.
Mutation can change the instructions of a gene to not make protein at all. It can also cause a protein to malfunction.
It can change the transcription of a nucleotide sequence from DNA to mRNA.
A lack of amino acids can also be a major reason that a cell might not be able to create and deliver the protein.
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Changes in the biological system is most likely to cause changes in the ________.
Changes in the biological system is most likely to cause changes in the Psychological and societal systems
What is psychosocial conflict?Erikson believed that these conflicts were caused by either failing to develop a psychological characteristic or succeeding in doing so. The potential for personal development is greatest at these periods, but failure is also a real possibility.
Individuals organise and interpret their sensory perceptions through the process of perception in order to give their surroundings meaning.
The term "psychosocial development" simply refers to how a person's own needs (psycho) interact with societal expectations (social). A human goes through eight developmental phases, each of which builds on the one before it, in accordance with Erikson. We encounter a problem at every step.
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