Proteins and carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by a process known as:_________

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Answer 1

Proteins and carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by a process known as Dehydration synthesis reactions.

The crucial procedure known as Dehydration Synthesis Reactions brings together the constituent parts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. With the removal of water, these processes combine two or more monomers to create a sizable component of a macromolecule.

Dehydration synthesis reactions include the combining or synthesis of the same or distinct monomer units while removing the water molecules from the reaction. It is a specific type of condensation reaction in which two additional molecules cause the elimination of two water molecules.

During dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is either released when the hydrogen of one monomer reacts with the hydroxyl group of another monomer or when two hydrogens from one monomer join with one oxygen from the other monomer.

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Related Questions

The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.

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Answer:

The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.

Explanation:

The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.

Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.

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Your lunch consists of an orange, wheat crackers and a glass of milk. Which part of your lunch will give you quick energy and which part will give you enough energy to get through the rest of the day?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER

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Answer:

Explanation:

Carbohydrates which are found in wheat crackers provide quick energy meanwhile lipids which are found in milk would provide the energy you need to get through the day

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate? group of answer choices

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Insulin and Creatinine are the two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate

A straightforward blood test that evaluates your creatinine levels is the typical method for estimating GFR. The regular breakdown of muscle tissue and the digestion of food protein both produce creatinine, a waste product.

What is Glomerular filtration rate ?

A test called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how efficiently the kidneys are functioning. In particular, it calculates the volume of blood that flows through the glomeruli each minute. The kidneys' globuli are microscopic filters that remove waste from the blood.

Glomerular filtration is caused by the force of the differential between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure (but the glomerular filtration rate involves other variables as well) (though the glomerular filtration rate includes other variables as well).

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Which clinical manifestation, when found in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis?

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Meconium ileus, in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder mainly associated with cells capable of producing mucus. These cells are found in sweat glands, digestive system and lungs belonging to respiratory system. Thus, the abnormality in mucus production, in sticky and thick nature, disrupts the normal functioning of human body. They block the ducts and tubes, which can result in life threatening condition.

The mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis occurs in the gene CFTR, which is abbreviated form of Cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator. The primary function of gene is to regulate the exchange of fluids and salts present in the cells.

Meconium ileus refers to the inability of bowel movement in the newborn. This occurs due to thick and sticky mucus, which is indicative of cystic fibrosis, as discussed above.

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Frogs and humans are more distantly related than are lizards and humans.
a. true
b. false

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It is true frogs and human are more distantly related than are lizards and human.  The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system.

What are the similarities between  frog and human reproductive systems  ?

The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system. Numerous inanimate materials, including fluids, hormones, and pheromones, are crucial reproductive system add-ons.

Reproductive system  of frog is responsible for producing gametes which are released in water for fertilizations. Similarities between human and frog's system are limited to that both possess paired testes or ovaries for  production of  gamete.

It is true that they are distantly related to each other , when genes in frogs have very similar neighboring genes as humans about 90 percent of the time.

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What are the functions of the stratum corneum layer of the skin? select all that apply.

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The  function of stratum corneum prevent unwanted materials from entering and  excessive loss of water from existing the body.

What happens when the stratum corneum is damage?

Damage of stratum corneum lead to multiply skin impairment including increase transepidermal water loss , redness,and susceptibility to infection or irritation by external factors.

The function of corneum stratum to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration chemicals and mechanical stress.

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Which lung value remained relatviely unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal?

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IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)

IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) lung value remained relatively unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal.

What is IRV?The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled following a normal tidal volume is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV). Deep breathing necessitates the utilization of IRV, which is typically maintained in reserve. 1900-3300 ml is the typical adult value.

What brings to severe asthma attacks?Exposure to an allergen, such as dust mites, cockroaches, grass or weed pollen, or animal dander, can cause an asthma attack. Other frequent triggers are strong aromas like perfume and irritants in the air like smoke or chemical fumes.

How does inspiratory reserve volume work?The extra volume of air that can be exhaled following a typical exhalation is known as the expiratory reserve volume (ERV). It is the amount held in reserve that may be exhaled in excess of what is typical. In contrast, the additional volume of air that can be inhaled after a typical inhalation is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).

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When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to?

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When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to provide primarily morphological information. Professionals frequently express hypotheses in if/then statements, e.g., if someone consumes a lot of sugar, then they will get cavities in their teeth.

These claims list particular variables and make predictions about the outcomes. In this instance, the sugar content is the variable, and cavities are the outcome. A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain a phenomenon. A hypothesis must be testable according to the scientific method for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis. Scientific phylogeny are typically based on prior observations.

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The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the:_____.

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The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the Myometrium.

What are the three layers of uterus?The uterus is situated posterior to the rectum and anterior to the urine bladder. The body, cervix, and fundus are the three sections that make up the uterus.There are three tissue layers in the uterus, and they are as follows:The inner lining, or endometrium, is made up of the functional (superficial) and basal endometrium. Hormones related to reproduction affect the functional layer. Menstrual bleeding happens as a result of this layer shedding. The development of adhesions and fibrosis may follow injury to the basal endometrium (Asherman syndrome).The muscular layer, or myometrium, is made up of smooth muscle cells.The thin, epithelial-cell-based outer layer is known as the serosa or perimetrium.

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explain how polar molecules can dissolve other polar molecules

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Answer:

Explanation:

In a polar solvent, the molecules of solvent are attracted to each other by the partial charges on the ends of the molecules. When a polar solute is added, the positive polar ends of the solute molecules attract the negative polar ends of the solvent molecules and vice versa.

Hope this helps :)

So the partially negative part of one polar molecule (like water) will interact with the partially positive part of another molecule (like your mystery substance). This allows polar substances to dissolve each other

If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.

Answers

The RNA polymerase could now no longer be capable of understand and bind the DNA, so no RNA could be made .then RNA polymerase and related transcription elements will now no longer understand the promoter

Promoter sequences outline the path of transcription and imply which DNA strand can be transcribed; this strand is referred to as the feel strand. Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved promoter series known as the TATA box, placed 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription begin site.

The series of bases in DNA can regulate the shape of proteins. Sections of DNA which feature as genes are transcribed into 'pre-mRNA', then edited and spliced to shape mature messenger RNA.

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The golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures?.

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Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.

The Golgi bodies are cell organelles. It comprises bundles of folded flattened membranous sacs. It's found in all the cells. The number of Golgi bodies is higher in the cells that participate in the synthesis and transporting of proteins. When proteins move to the Golgi apparatus from the endoplasmic reticulum. They are packed into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are membranous bound. After packing, these vesicles are stored. Whenever secretory vesicles are required then they move towards plasma member. Furthermore, fuse with it. By exocytosis, the contents present inside the cell leave the cell. An example of a secretory vesicle is lysosomes. It contains membranous walls that are formed by the Golgi apparatus.

Therefore, the Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.

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The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is?

Answers

Answer:

Chemical digestion

Explanation:

This process is known as chemical digestion, where water and digestive enzymes are used to break down the molecules.

Metal blocks A and B both have the same mass. It requires 50 J to heat block A from 20°C to 45°C, whereas it requires 80 J to heat block B from 20°C to 45°C. Which has a greater specific heat?

Answers

Answer: Block B

Explanation: If it takes more Joules of energy to heat block B from one same temperature to another, and both blocks are the same mass, then block B has a higher specific heat

Contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts

Answers

Lysosome Digestive enzymes are used to digest food and break down materials in the cell that are damaged or old to recycle the raw materials.

The organelles that contain the digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and the debris in the cell in a cell are called as lysosomes. Lysosomes are the membrane-bound structures that will release the digestive enzymes onto the debris and waste materials into the cell to recycle the components of these structures. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of the enzymes capable of breaking down all the types of biological polymers—proteins, the nucleic acids, the carbohydrates, and lipids.

The question is all incomplete the complete question is:

Which organelles that contain digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and debris in a cell?

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Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more ________ and directly superior to the _______________

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medially, Vaginal cuff

Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more medially and directly superior to the vaginal cuff.

What is hysterectomy?The womb is surgically removed during a hysterectomy (uterus). After the procedure, you won't be able to become pregnant again. No of your age, if you haven't previously experienced the menopause, you won't have periods anymore.

What three forms of hysterectomy are there?The procedure can be carried out through your vagina, three to four tiny incisions in your abdomen, or an incision in your lower abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) (vaginal hysterectomy).

What drawbacks come with having a hysterectomy?Hemorrhage, intestinal injury, bladder injury, pulmonary embolism, severe anesthetic reactions, wound dehiscence, and hematoma are examples of major consequences. Additionally, blood transfusions are necessary for 10% to 15% of women who have hysterectomy procedures.

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What structure is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?

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The cell wall  is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions.  Bergey divided the kingdom Prokaryotae into four divisions in the first edition: Gracilicutes: they have a gram-negative cell wall. Firmicutes are bacteria with gram-positive cell walls.

Tenericutes are organisms that lack a cell wall. The microorganisms are classified into 35 different categories. These groups are not intended to constitute formal taxonomic ranks, but rather to carry on Bergey's practise of categorising bacteria into easily identifiable morphological groups. Cell walls: almost all bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls; however, archaea and eukaryotes do not.

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The thread-like of the stamen is the (A. anther, B.stigma, C.filament, D.style).​

Answers

Filaments are the thread like structure of the stamen.

Answer:

Its C.Filament

Explanation:

The stamen has 2 parts. Anthers & Filaments. Anthers are held up by a thread-like part called a filament. so the final answer would be C.

Which of the following is not cause by human interaction with the earth system

Answers

Answer:

Answer: C. mountain building

Air pollution, water pollution and deforestation are caused by human interaction with the earth system. Air, water and forests are abiotic (non-living)  factors of the environment on which human population is dependent upon. Release of pollutants in the air and water due to human activities causes pollution. Forests are removed in order to derive resources like wood, medicines and for urban development hence, causes deforestation. Mountain building is a nature induced process and is not caused by human interactions with the earth system. Mountain formation is a geological process, which is caused by large scale movement of the earth's crust. Mountains are formed by folding and faulting of the earth's crust and due to volcanic activity.    

Explanation:

Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include?

Answers

Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus

Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus.

Can reproductive system infection be transmitted nonsexually?We usually observe that the infections of the reproductive system is sexually transmitted. But there are infections that are caused by microorganisms that can be caused non sexually. These are referred to as non sexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system.

Which infections affect the reproductive system?In developing nations, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), trichomoniasis, and chancroid are some of the more prevalent bacterial illnesses.

What exactly constitutes a significant infection of the reproductive system?An infection of one or more of the higher reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, is known as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Untreated PID can result in the formation of scar tissue and abscesses, which can harm the reproductive system permanently.

Which conditions commonly affect the female reproductive system?ovarian tumors.diseases of the ovaries.Inflammatory disease of the pelvis.ovarian polycystic syndromepregnancy laborprimary ovarian insufficiency

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____are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.

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Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.

Although microorganisms are considered to be harmful to the body, but there are numerous kinds of microorganisms that are beneficial to the body and are required by the body. Probiotics are an example of such kinds of microorganisms.

Probiotics can be described as live microorganisms which provide various health benefits to the body. The probiotics help in making the gut flora healthy.

Lactobacilli is a common probiotic that is found in foods such as yogurt. This kind of bacteria helps in the digestion of lactose and also can improve conditions such as diarrhea. Hence, probiotics should be included in the diet in order to keep your gut flora healthy.

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Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because ________.

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Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because it demonstrated that all of the continents where the fossil is found must have been cold when the organism was alive.

This become a amazing continent that covered areas regarded nowadays as Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India and South America. The presence of Glossopteris become used as assisting proof for the progressive idea of “continental drift” at some stage in the mid twentieth century.

Glossopteris fossils offer essential proof for presently widespread distribution of continental plates withinside the Permian length that ended 250 million years ago. Fossils were discovered in areas as remote as Patagonia, India and southern Australia.

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A thick waxy layer of what substance in the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms?

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Answer:

A thick waxy layer of  in (Mycolic acids (lipoidal) the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms.

Special long chains of fatty acids known as mycolic acids are present inside the lipid-rich cell walls of most mycobacteria, such as the tubercle bacillus (TB) mycobacterium. Enzymes responsible for the production of mycolic acids are crucial for survival and virulence, making them interesting targets for therapeutic development. Species of most of the mycobacteria genus, which includes the pathogens that cause leprosy and TB, depend on them to survive.  The organisms develop slowly and are more immune to different chemicals and lysosomal constituents of phagocytes than that  of most bacteria because mycolic acids as well as other glycolipids prevent the entrance of chemicals.

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Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of?

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Answer:

Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of angina.

Patients who have a systolic pressure of higher than 100 mm Hg and the recommended, unexpired medication should be given nitroglycerin. In the pre-hospital scenario, a patient should only get three (3) nitroglycerin pills or sprays. Regardless of whether the drug is otherwise appropriate for the situation of the patient, it is not a good idea to give a patient an outdated prescription. A sublingual tablet is available for oral administration of nitroglycerin. The pills are often taken as required, either five to ten minutes before performing tasks that might trigger angina episodes or as soon as an attack begins. The oral route is used in part to prevent medication breakdown. Sublingual absorption can, in general, be more effective for some medications than intestinal uptake.

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The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.

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The correct option is A i.e that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.

What is polypeptides ?

A polypeptide is a peptide chain that is longer, continuous, and unbranched. Therefore, along with nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others, peptides belong to the large chemical families of biological polymers and oligomers.

A protein is a polypeptide that has more than 50 amino acids, on average. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptides that are structured in a biologically useful manner. Proteins are frequently coupled to other proteins, other macromolecules like DNA or RNA, or complex macromolecular assemblies.

A polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids, whereas a peptide is two or more amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. One or more polypeptides can be found in proteins. Proteins are therefore extensive strands of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Question:

The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is

A) that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.

B) the functional group of one amino acid joins with the carboxyl end of another via covalent bonds; proteins and polypeptides are the same things.

C) amino acids are joined via their hydroxyl groups with covalent bonds and many proteins make up a polypeptide.

D) polypeptides form via hydrolysis, forming hydrogen bonds between amino acids; proteins have a functional group whereas polypeptides do not.

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The brain's right hemisphere is best described as _____ the left hemisphere's processing.

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The brain's right hemisphere is best described as complementing the left hemisphere's processing.

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

The right side of the brain significantly controls the left side of the body and the left side of the brain generally regulates the right side of the body. Due to this, the damage to one side of the brain is going to influence the opposite side of your body.

The two hemispheres of the brain are known as the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Both of them are connected with the help of a thick band of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.

Both regions of the brain are capable to communicate with each other through this bridge. It also regulates the complementing process between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Therefore, the brain's right hemisphere is best described as complementing the left hemisphere's processing.

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The fluid-mosaic model is ultimately the best depiction of the cell membrane because:________

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The fluid-mosaic model eventually provides the most accurate representation of the cell membrane since it demonstrates that the layers' phospholipids and proteins can migrate.

What does "fluid mosaic model" mean?

According to the fluid mosaic theory, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins are only a few of the components that are constantly flowing through the cell membrane.

This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier dividing the inner and external environments of the cell.

Who provided a model of a fluid mosaic?

Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic theory in the early 1970s. This paradigm states that lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates make up membranes.

The fluid mosaic model is mosaic because of what?

According to the fluid mosaic concept, the plasma membrane is made up of a variety of elements, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates, which give the membrane its fluid appearance.

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For a monohybrid cross, suppose two true-breeding parents are crossed and their offspring (f1) are self-crossed. what genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation?

Answers

1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic

1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation.

What is meant by genotypic ratio?The ratio that represents the various genotypes of a test cross' offspring is called the genotypic ratio. It depicts the distribution of children in accordance with genotype, the genetic makeup that determines an organism's phenotype.

What is phenotypic ratio?A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another. The phenotypic ratio produced from a test cross is used by researchers to determine the gene expression for generations of an organism.

A monohybrid cross is what?A monohybrid cross is made up of two homozygous individuals that have the opposing phenotype for a particular genetic characteristic. "A monohybrid cross is a cross between two monohybrid characteristics (TT and tt)." The monohybrid cross is in charge of passing one gene on.

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What happens to pupil diameter when the eye is focused for near vision? What is the advantage of this change in diameter?

Answers

The diameter of the pupil contracts when the eye is focused for near vision. It permits the eye to focus on near objects to allow a clear vision.

The normal diameter of a pupil ranges from 2 to 4 mm to see an object at a larger distance or in bright light while to see an object nearby or in dark, it varies from 4 to 8mm in diameter. The reason behind this varying size in two different conditions occurs due to accommodation.

Accommodation is the process by which an eye enables optic changes, by changing the size of the pupil, to produce a clear image of an object placed at varying distances. A young human eye can see objects placed at distances to infinity or as near as 6.5 cm from the eye. Myopia, presbyopia, and hyperopia are some diseased conditions of eye vision that may require clinical assistance to correct the vision.

When the eye has to focus on a distant object, it normally dilates the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. If it is to focus on a nearby object, it contracts the pupil to prevent excessive light from entering the eye. Thus, the diameter of the pupil also contracts when focused to see a nearby object.

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The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are ________, and pet scans indicate that ________ subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.

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The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are similar, and pet scans indicate that the same subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.

Orgasm is a sudden feeling of intense pleasure which causes increase in pulse rate, blood pressure, heart beat and spasm of the pelvic muscle.

This spams of the pelvic muscle causes contraction of the lower vagina in women and contraction and ejaculation in the urethra of the men.

There is an increase in the amount of dopamine released by the brain during orgasm. Pet scans have revealed that same subcortical regions in the brain are activated during orgasm in both men and women.

It is seen the amygdala part of the brain is deactivated during orgasm which is associated with fear and anxiety.

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