The attributes of the two categories of bacterial groups are given as follows:
Group A: Gram-positive bacterial cell wall:
thick layer of peptidoglycanteichoic acidssingle lipid bilayer membraneGroup B: Gram-negative bacterial cell wall:
thin layer of peptidoglycanperiplasmic spacelipopolysaccharidesdual lipid bilayer membranesWhat is a gram Negative Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall that is surrounded by an outer lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are encircled by peptidoglycan layers that are several times thicker than those seen in Gram-negative bacteria.
What is a gram Positive Bacterial Cell wall?Gram-positive bacteria's cell wall is a complex assembly of glycopolymers and proteins.
A thick peptidoglycan sacculus surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane and is adorned with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins.
What are the similarities and differences?Bacteria having thick cell walls are classified as Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms show positive in a Gram stain test. The chemical dye used in the test colors the bacterium's cell wall purple.
Gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand, do not. Instead, they stain pink.
Despite the fact that both types of bacteria can cause sickness, they require distinct therapies. If you have a bacterial illness, the Gram stain will tell you what sort of treatment you require.
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Full Question:
The thickness of this sugar-protein scaffold of peptidoglycan can be used to separate most bacteria into two groups. In your tutorial, you want to illustrate to the students that the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer can be used by microbiologists to differentiate many bacteria by only using an easy staining method that all microbiologists will have to master. This staining procedure, known as the Gram stain, is based on the retention of dyes within the cell wall for a positive result or the rinsing away of the dyes and leakage of the membrane for a negative result. A thicker cell wall will allow for retention of dye crystals that will give the bacterial cell a blue-purple color (positive result), but the thinner cell walls will not allow for the retention of these crystals during rinsing, which will mean that these cells will then be colorless unless another dye that does not require interaction with the cell wall to maintain its retention is used (negative result). In addition to differences in cell wall thickness, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria also differ in the proteins and lipids associated with their cell walls, as well as the composition of their cell membranes. Gram-positive walls are composed of an underlying cytoplasmic membrane, with the thick peptidoglycan layer on the outside offering support. Proteins anchor the membrane and the cell wall together to provide support and structure between the two. Gram-negative staining walls have a different layout. You try to explain in your tutorial that even though these bacteria stain "negative" they do have a thin layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched in between two lipid bilayer membranes.
Place each attribute into the bin of the bacterial group it belongs to, based on whether the bacterium is a Gram-positive or a Gram-negative cell.
Binary ______ is a type of prokaryotic asexual reproduction in which replicated dna and other cell parts are distributed into two new daughter cells.
Binary fission is a type of prokaryotic asexual reproduction in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two new daughter cells.
Because prokaryotes (bacteria and Achaea) reproduce asexually through binary fission, they can grow quickly. Binary fission is a method of cell division used by prokaryotes to reproduce. This procedure involves splitting one cell into two and copying the chromosome, just like mitosis in eukaryotes. As an asexual method of reproduction, binary fission doesn't produce eggs or sperm or combine the genetic material of two individuals. Binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell, with the exception of rare mutations or modifications to the DNA sequence.
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Most soil profiles have 3 different horizons. What are they?
Answer:
Most soils have three major horizons -- the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C).
Which type of tissue, in the circulatory system, is involved in regulating airflow to alveoli?
Answer:
answer is the smooth muscle
Explanation:
the smooth muscle is involved in regulating airflow and alveoli
Calculate the carrying capacity for this deer population based off the information given on this chart.
Thank you
Answer:
too small
Explanation:
Nonrenewable resources are used much more prevalently today despite knowing that they pollute and will run out in the future. why then are we not using more renewable resources?
We are not using more renewable resources because we have been using fossil fuels since the 18th century and renewable resources are comparatively new. Also, we have limited knowledge about them, so it will take time to change our mindset toward renewable resources.
Based on exhaustibility, there are mainly two types of resources, renewable resources, and non-renewable resources.
Renewable resources are those resources that are replenished while non-renewable resources are those resources that are not replenished.
The non-renewable resources take millions of years to form and once exhausted they cannot be made more.
Examples of renewable resources are solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. while examples of non-renewable resources are fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, metals, etc.
Despite the fact that the supply of non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum is limited and they also cause pollution, the use of them is rampant around the world.
The use of fossil fuels is widespread because we have been using them since the 18th century and the use of renewable resources is a very recent phenomenon.
Also, a major hurdle for using renewable resources is the upgrading of current technology to harness these resources.
The newer technologies are generally more expensive to employ, for example, the solar cells used for storing solar energy are made up of elements like silicon, silver, and gallium which are expensive.
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In terms of fatalities, the most dangerous natural disasters are caused by ____.
In terms of fatalities, the most dangerous natural disasters are caused by long term weather patterns that causes droughts.
A drought is a prolonged period of unusually dry weather caused by a lack of rain. A lack of precipitation can cause a number of issues for local communities, such as crop damage and a lack of drinking water.
Drought and certain weather patterns have been linked by geologists. A weather pattern reveals where the temperature of the surface water in the Pacific Ocean rises along the central South American coast. Warmer waters influence storm patterns and are linked to droughts.
When the temperature of the Pacific Ocean's surface water along South America's coast falls. The cooler waters influence storm patterns by causing drier-than-normal conditions. As a result, climate/weather change increases the chances of drought worsening in many parts of the world.
How drought is impacted by climate change?
Warmer temperatures accelerate evaporation, which decreases surface water and dries out the soil and vegetation. Low precipitation periods become drier as a result, as opposed to when it is cooler. Affected areas are becoming drier as a result of climate change's timing changes for water availability.
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Why other species of shellfish that existed around the same period of time are not considered index fossils
Other shellfish were not as widespread as ammonites.
What is shellfish?Crustaceans and mollusks are marine animals that fall under the category of shellfish. Examples include snails, shrimp, crabs, lobster, squid, oysters, and crabs. An allergy to shellfish is rather frequent. While some persons with shellfish allergies react to all shellfish, others just to specific varieties.
What is the difference between shellfish and fish?Fish and shellfish vary primarily in that fish have bones while shellfish are invertebrates without bones. In order to sustain their survival, they also have organs and means of movement.
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Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of rns?
Associate degree programs graduate the most nurses today
What is the role of a nurse?Nurses plan and provide medical and nursing care to patients in hospital, at home or in other settings who are suffering from chronic or acute physical or mental ill health. A caring and compassionate nature, and the ability to deal with emotionally charged and pressured situations are important traits of a nurse.
How many types of nurses are there?O.T. Ophthalmic Nursing.Leprosy Nursing.TB Nursing.Psychiatric Nursing.Neurological and Neuro surgical Nursing.Community Health Nursing.Cancer Nursing..What kind of degree is nursing?Following the 12th grade, students can enroll in one of three nursing programs: ANM, GNM, or BSc Nursing. Each has advantages and drawbacks of their own.
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Which virulence factor is a substance that directly damages cell membranes or enters cells and changes their function?
Exotoxin virulence factor is a substance that directly damages cell membranes or enters cells and changes their function.
Exotoxin- Exotoxins are a class of soluble proteins released by bacteria that enter host cells and catalyze the covalent alteration of one or more components of the host cell in order to change the physiology of the host cell. Exotoxins are produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Bacteria- Microorganisms that are unicellular, capable of autonomous reproduction, and generally free-living are known as bacteria. In nature, bacteria are found everywhere. The foundation of all life on earth, they are architecturally basic but functionally sophisticated creatures.
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Please help asap i need HELP ☹
Answer:
300 m³
Explanation:
Given that,
→ L = 12 m
→ W = 5 m
→ H = 5 m
The formula we use,
→ V = L × W × H
Now the volume of swimming pool is,
→ L × W × H
→ 12 × 5 × 5
→ 12 × 25
→ 300 m³
Hence, the volume is 300 m³.
The p in ph stand for the german word potenz, witch means "power" or "potential." the h represnts hygrogen ions. how are these related to the definition of ph
Answer:
The answer is following:
Explanation:
The definition of pH is "power of hydrogen ions," as stated above.
An indicator of a solution's acidity is its hydrogen ion percentage. A much more acidic solution is indicated by a greater concentration.
The pH equation is
pH = -log(H+)
In this way, pH serves as a measurement for hydrogen ions.
The hydrogen ion potential increases with increasing pH negativity. Hydrogen is the meaning of the H in pH. However, there is significant disagreement regarding what the p stands for. According to the Carlsberg Foundation, pH stands for "power of hydrogen." The French argue that it is their term for power, puissance, while German scientists assert that it refers for Potenz, which also means power. According to ancient Romans, the word is pondus hydrogen (Latin for "amount of hydrogen"). The British would say that the possible hydrogen is the only complexity involved.
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How many different rna molecules can be made by bonding five nucleotides together?
Total 265 RNA molecules can be made by bonding five nucleotides together.
What is RNA?
Full form of RNA is ribonucleic acid and it is a nucleic acid which is found in almost all cells that are living and RNA is mostly similar to DNA but there is one difference between RNA and DNA and the difference is that RNA is single stranded but DNA is double stranded.
The RNA's backbone is made up of phosphate group which is arranged in alternating form and the sugar known as ribose other than the deoxyribose present in DNA. There are four bases found in RNA and these are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
The main function of mRNA is it work as imedieter between protein and DNA which is utilised by ribosome for the process of direct synthesis of protein, and the function of tRNA is to carry the accurate amino acid to the proteins synthesis site which takes place in ribosome.
Therefore, Total 265 RNA molecules can be made by bonding five nucleotides together.
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The name that the manufacturer uses in marketing a drug is called the _____ name.
Vitamin ____ is necessary for vision, bone growth and maintenance of epithelial cells.
Vitamin A is necessary for vision, bone growth, and maintenance of epithelial cells.
We can define vitamins as micronutrients that perform various important functions in the body. Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body of a person and hence are derived from the diet of a person.
Vitamin A is present in many foods and it is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin A helps the body in various functions such as improving vision, helping the immune system, growth of bones, maintenance of cells etc.
Certain foods contain carotenoids in them. A person's body has the ability to convert these carotenoids into Vitamin A which is then used by the body for various functions. Some preformed sources of Vitamin A include dairy products and eggs.
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Different chemical elements will create a different scattering of absorption lines in the spectrum of visible light. We understand the interaction of an atom with light, and because of this we can predict where the lines should be and verify this in a lab. This process is called?
A. Astronomy
b.Nucleosynthesis
c.Spectroscopy
d. Star formation
Chemists research the interactions of many types of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules. The term "spectroscopy" refers to this interaction.
Because various elements have varying quantities of protons and varied numbers and configurations of electrons, they also have different spectra. The variations in spectra are a result of the energy that atoms absorb or emit as their electrons shift between different energy levels. A transition from ground state or lower-energy excited state to a greater excited state can occur as a result of an atom's ability to absorb light of a certain energy. As a result, an element's emission spectrum is converted into an absorption spectrum, which contains dark lines aligned with brilliant lines. Chemists research the interactions of many types of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules. The term "spectroscopy" refers to this interaction. Ordinary stars like the Sun have absorption lines in their spectra because some of the continuous light emanating from the hot, dense interior is absorbed by the fragile outer layers of the stellar atmosphere, known as the photosphere.Learn more about spectroscopy here:
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A small population of sawflies that was once connected to a larger population but is now isolated is no longer experiencing?
The Gene flow is restricted when a small population of sawflies that was once connected to a larger population becomes isolated.
What is gene flow?
The movement of genes into or out of a population is referred to as gene flow. Such movement may result from the movement of gametes or from the migration of specific organisms that reproduce in their new populations (e.g., as a consequence of pollen transfer among plants). Gene flow causes genetic homogeneity among demes in a metapopulation in the absence of natural selection and genetic drift.
As now the sawflies are isolated hence there will be no free movement of individuals hence there will be no gene flow.
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Milady what bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called?
The outer cell wall in bacteria that consist of a cell wall is called protoplasm.
What is a bacterial cell wall?For the majority of bacteria, the maintenance of cell shape and structural integrity depends on the intricate, mesh-like structure of the bacterial cell wall. Due to its importance for most bacteria and absence in eukaryotes, the cell wall has historically attracted a great lot of study attention.
This makes it a prime candidate for some of our most potent antibiotics. Bacterial cell wall fragments may also have immunostimulatory and cytotoxic capabilities, which makes them significant players in disease pathogenesis. The majority of the cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan (PG), a network of polysaccharide strands that are cross-linked by short peptide bridges coupled to the MurNAc residues and have a poly-[N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)] backbone.
Therefore, protoplasm is the outer cell wall in the bacteria consisting of a liquid.
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Biology pls help with this
The conclusions that can be made is because of ringing the area of phloem is cut and the food is not translocated further hence the food gets collected on that area thus it gets swollen.
Girdling, also known as ring-barking, is the full removal of the bark from all around the perimeter of a branch or trunk of a woody plant. This bark is made up of cork cambium, sometimes known as "phellogen," phloem, cambium, and occasionally even xylem. In the ringing experiment, a complete ring of tissue is excised from a dicot plant at a specific height above the ground outside the vascular cylinder. Water can flow freely from roots to the aerial regions because the xylem is intact.
Phloem, or food-carrying tubes, transport food made from leaves to other sections of the plant. Food produced by the leaves will not be able to get to other sections of the plant if the food-carrying tubes are removed. Because of this, the food builds up near the cut, causing the stem to bulge.
Thus we can conclude that the outer bark of the woody plants consist of the phloem tissues which is responsible for the movement of food inside the plant.
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What would happen to both acid-fast and non acid-fast cells if no heat was used in the staining procedure?
When both acid-fast and non-acid-fast cells if no heat was used in the staining procedure the cell wall becomes hydrophobic and impermeable. It happens because most stains and chemicals in aqueous material are in the absence of heat due to the waxy, destructive structure. It's possible that we neglected to heat the solution or decolored it excessively.
Acid fast stains are used to differentiate acid-fast organisms such as mycobacteria. Mycolic acids make up a large portion of the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria. Nonacid-fast bacteria will stain blue/green with the Kinyoun stain, while acid-fast bacteria will stain red. Non-acid fast bacteria are those that decolorize and lose their carbol fuchsin red color.
The primary difference between acid-fast and nonacid-fast bacteria is that acid-fast bacteria resist decolorizing by acid after receiving a stain whereas non-acid-fast bacteria are readily decolorized by acid after staining.
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A large molecule that consists of many identical or similar subunits, such as protein, dna, or starch is a(n)?
The neuroconstructivist view emphasizes the importance of interactions between biological processes and?
Answer: Environmental experience
Explanation:
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose as a result of large cells engulfing smaller, aerobic bacteria. the organelle that provides evidence for this theory is?
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose as a result of large cells engulfing smaller, aerobic bacteria. The organelle that provides evidence for this theory is mitochondria.
Endosymbiotic theory says that some of the organelles of eukaryotic cells arose from the prokaryotic creatures. Mitochondria and chloroplast are some organelles. The evidence for the theory was given by the technique gene sequencing.
Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle. The inner membrane is folded into finger-like projections called cristae. These increase to surface area of mitochondria to produce maximum amount of ATP. The mitochondria has its own DNA which is circular in structure and this gives the evidence for endosymbiotic theory.
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Which of these provides your body with energy? minerals fats oxygen vitamins light
Our body gets energy from fats among the following options.
Our body uses glucose as its main energy source. Other sources of energy contain proteins as well as lipids.
To maintain the body's essential functions, very little in the way of minerals is needed.
In the process of respiration, oxygen is crucial. Energy must be released in order for glucose to also break down.
Vitamins are essential for functioning like fighting infection, wound healing, making our bones strong and regulating hormones.
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The body adapting to a gradual increase in the amount of exercise is the definition of which aspect of exercising?
According to the research, the correct option is progressive overload. The body adapting to a gradual increase in the amount of exercise is the definition of progressive overload.
What is progressive overload?It refers to a type of training designed to gradually improve or increase athletic performance over time by increasing the difficulty of the training either by gradually increasing the weight with the same repetitions.
In this sense, to increase any parameter of physical conditioning (strength, size, resistance) the weight of the loads, the number of series or the number of training sessions must be increased and the body must be adapted and conditioned.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is progressive overload. The body adapting to a gradual increase in the amount of exercise is the definition of progressive overload.
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During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? amniotic egg paired fins jaws limbs/fins with muscle placenta
During chordate evolution the sequence in which the structures arose are paired fins, jaws, limbs/fins with muscle, amniotic egg, and placenta.
An animal belonging to the phylum Chordata is called a chordate, and all chordates have five synapomorphies—or main characteristics—that set them apart from all other species at some time during their larval or adult stages. The notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and post tail are among these five synapomorphies. The first of these synapomorphies, the notochord, which is crucial to chordate movement and structure, is where the name chordate originates. Chordates also have a coelom, a circulatory system, are bilaterally symmetric, and show metameric segmentation.
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What process allows for the production of molecule b from a template consisting of molecule a?
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template.
What is transcription?Transcription involves the copying of a DNA fragment into RNA.. Messenger RNA is the term for DNA segments that are translated into RNA molecules that can encode proteins. Non-coding RNAs are RNA molecules that contain copies of other DNA sequences. Even with the most sensitive approaches, mRNA, which makes up only 1%–3% of total RNA samples, cannot be easily detected. Less than 2% of the human genome can be transcribed into mRNA, but at least 80% of mammalian genomic DNA can be actively transcribed (in one or more types of cells), with the majority of this 80% being ncRNA. Despite this, the general preponderance of mRNA in cells is valid.Learn more about the Transcription with the help of the given link:
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Which kill signal terminates a process by taking the process information in memory and saving it to a file called core on the hard disk in the current working directory?
Answer:
A process is terminated by the SIGQUIT Kill signal by storing the process memory information toward a file on the hard drive named core in the currently active directory. These signals SIGTERM, as well as SIGQUIT,as well as SIGQUIT, are used to end processes. In this instance, we particularly ask that it be completed. When we employ the kill command, the default signal is SIGTERM. All signals automatically end the procedure as its default response. SIGQUIT, though, also creates a core dump just before terminating. The signal is sent to all of the activities in the group if indeed the PID is negative then use the positive sign as a process ID SIGINT signals are sent using control + c. The signal produced by the keyboard is transmitted to the whole foreground process group.
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Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by microorganisms
In this list, the process or environment that is not affected by microorganisms.
a. oxygen cycles
What connection exists between bacteria and the oxygen cycle?
The connection between water contamination and the oxygen cycle in microorganisms is a final example. Nutrients that are normally abundant in polluted water will encourage the rapid growth of bacteria and other organisms. As they grow, the oxygen in the water is depleted.
b. global temps
The nitrogen and carbon cycles are just two of the many environmental processes that microbes are involved in. They are prevalent in almost every habitat, including the air, soil, the bottom of the deepest oceans, far below the Earth's surface, and settings with a wide variety of pressure, temperature, and chemical composition.
c. human health
Numerous mechanisms exist through which microorganisms can have an effect on human health. Pathogen-related molecular patterns are the main microbial elements associated with human health (PAMPs).
e. all have microbial involvement
correct:
all have microbial involvement
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Taxol is a chemotherapeutic drug that will attach to the spindle fibers and prevent their function thereby killing the cancer cell. which process does this drug prevent from occurring?
Taxol is a chemotherapeutic drug that will attach to the spindle fibers and prevent their function thereby killing the cancer cell. The Anaphase process is avoided from occurring by this drug.
What is Taxol?Taxol (chemical name: paclitaxel) is a anti-cancer chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer, blocks cancer cell growth by stopping cell division, resulting in cell death. It is used in treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.
Taxol interferes with anaphase process by inhibiting the shortening of the microtubules attached to the sister chromatids, so the chromatids do not separate and hence, will not move to the ends of the cells. Ultimately the cell division does not take place.
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Which immune component is deficient in a child who has a congenital immunodeficiency that impairs b lymphocyte function?
Neutrophils component is deficient in a child who has a congenital immunodeficiency that impairs B lymphocyte function.
Neutrophils- A specific kind of white blood cell that aids in the body's defense against infection and is crucial to the immune system. White blood cells are one of the initial immune cells to react when bacteria or viruses enter the body.
B Lymphocytes- By generating antibodies, B cells are essential for pathogen-specific immunity. Immunoglobulins attached to the surface of B lymphocytes allow them to identify soluble antigens, causing them to develop into plasma cells, which can secrete immunoglobulins and produce antibodies. Primary lymphoid tissues include lymphocytes.
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