Muscle cells generate atp by burning fuel (glucose) and oxygen in a process called aerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms convert fuel, such as fats and sugars, into chemical energy by using oxygen.
During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to form ATP, which the cell can use. As a byproduct, carbon dioxide and water are produced.
The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --------------------> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Cellular respiration
All cells use respiration to convert fuel into energy that can be used to power cellular processes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the end product of respiration, and it uses the energy stored in its phosphate bonds to power chemical reactions. It is frequently referred to as the cell's "currency."
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To prevent the accumulation of hormones in our bodies, the hormones are constantly being metabolized and excreted. where are adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones excreted?
Hormones from the adrenal and gonadal sytems are eliminated through the urine or bile in the liver.
Unbound steroid hormones from the gonadal and adrenal glands are transformed in the liver, where they become inactive, and subsequently eliminated through the bile or urine. The lungs, cell metabolites, or feces do not contain adrenal or gonadal steroid hormones. The steroid hormones are broken down by several tissues, but mostly the liver, into physiologically inactive byproducts that are primarily excreted in the urine, although some are also removed via the bile and, finally, the feces. Analysis of urine steroids may aid in the diagnosis of endocrine disorders. The liver is the primary site of steroid metabolism. Tetrahydro derivatives are created in the first step by reducing double bonds and adding hydroxyl to the ring.
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Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in which part of the brain?
Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in Substantia nigra of brain that produces dopamine.
What is the role of Substantia nigra?
Trial-and-error learning and movement control are two critical functions of the brain region known as the substantia nigra (SN). The disorder of movement The loss of DA cells, also known as SN cells that release dopamine, is what leads to Parkinson's disease. A separate kind of cells known as GABA cells is also present in the SN. Animal studies have shown that DA and GABA cells serve various purposes in the SN. Numerous brain illnesses, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, in which DA cells die, involve SN dysfunction. Thus, comprehending the typical actions of the cells that comprise the SN can aid in our understanding of and eventual treatment for these brain illnesses.Learn more about the Substantia nigra with the help of the given link:
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7) state 2 key characteristics and 2 examples for each of the following phyla: A) Mollusca B) Nematoda C) Arthropoda D) Annelida
Answer:
Mollusca
Produce a shell reinforces with calciumBilateral symmetryExamples: Snails, octopus, and clamsNematoda
Bilateral symmetryCylindrical in shapeExamples: Hookworm and eelwormArthropoda
Hard exoskeleton made of chitinSegmented bodies, jointed limbsExamples: Insects, spiders, and crabsAnnelida
Have segmented bodiesHave mouth and anusExamples: Earthworm and leachSuggest why starfish need to eat other organisms
Being carnivorous and moving very slowly, starfish must consume other species in order to survive.
Starfish consume a variety of creatures, including sponges, oysters, coral, mussels, and others.A starfish will stretch its stomach from this mouth and use it to entirely enclose its prey, such as a clam or a sea snail. In order to make it simpler to re-enter the starfish's mouth, their stomach then starts secreting digestive enzymes to dissect the prey animal's body.The majority of starfish are excellent at cleaning the algae, debris, and other trash that collects at the tank bottom. However, some are hunters that relish taking down inactive, slow-moving prey. The precise diet of a starfish depends on its species, location, and natural adaptations.Learn more about starfish here:
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Students walked a grid on a football field and ranked plant species present as abundant, common, or rare. how might
they have collected and expressed this information more usefully?
The simple way in which the students might have collected and expressed this plant species ranking as abundant common and rare species are on the basis of comparing the species according to their how much they are widely seen and grown.
The students which carry a great sense of observation understand and can identify plants which they see always which are common, those that are everywhere and highly abundant and those which are the minorities among plant species.
Classification of living organismsThis simply refers to the process of grouping living organisms based on their similarities and differences.
Generally, plants species regardless of any of its abundance nature; are classified as:
ThallohytesBryophytesPteridophytes SpermatophytesSo therefore, the simple way in which the students might have collected and expressed this plant species ranking as abundant common and rare species are on the basis of comparing the species according to their how much they are widely seen and grown
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Pa regulations require that operators standing in close proximity (within 2 meters) of the x-ray source must wear at least _____ mm of lead equivalent personnel protective shielding such as an apron.
For a tube potential of 100 kVp, a 0.5 mm lead sheet (control) attenuated the primary X-ray beam by 98%.
What is an X-ray?An X-ray or, much less often, an X-radiation is a penetrating kind of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. The majority of X-rays have wavelengths between 10 picometers and 10 nanometers, which translates to energies between 145 eV and 124 keV and frequencies between 30 petahertz and 30 exahertz.
What are the many X-ray types?There are various x-ray types, including:Plain x-rays or plain radiography.CT scanning, often known as computed tomography.Using fluoroscopy, you can see an organ in motion.Mammography is a breast x-ray procedure.Angiography is a blood vessel x-ray procedure.To know more about X-ray visit:
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Which of the surface antigens related to blood type would be found on the red blood cells of an individual with the iaib genotype? multiple choice question.
In this case, each red blood cell would carry both surface antigen A and surface antigen B.
What is blood grouping?Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are contained in a fluid called plasma, which is the blood. Antibodies and antigens found in the blood help identify your blood type.
Plasma contains proteins called antibodies. They are a component of your body's built-in defenses. They identify alien objects, like bacteria, and notify your immune system, which then eliminates them.
Protein molecules called antigens can be detected on the outer layer of red blood cells.
The ABO system distinguishes 4 major blood types:
Blood group A - Red blood cell antigens have anti-B antibodies in their plasma.Blood group B- B antigens and anti-A antibodies are present in this blood type.Blood type O - contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma but no antigens.Blood group AB – they have both A and B antigens but lack antibodiesTherefore, in this case, both surface antigen A and surface antigen B.
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Consider this animal cell. the organelles in an animal cell are labeled. part f is a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs. what is the function of the organelles that are labeled f?
Part f is a cisterna i.e a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs.
What is a cisterna?cisterna is a flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Part f may be a cisterna i.e a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs.
Function of organelles:
Organelles are structures that do various jobs inside the cell, help maintain a state of balance within the cell, and keep the cell alive. The organelles of an animal cell include the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi body
What is a cisterna?
cisterna is a flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
What is in an animal cell?
Nucleus, cell wall , cytoplasm and mitochondria are four cell components that are found in both animal and plant cells.
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Iodophors and chloramines are similar in that they are both halogen-containing compounds that __________.
Iodophors and chloramines are similar because they are both halogen-containing compounds that slowly release their active ingredients because they release their active ingredients more slowly than the elemental forms of these halogens.
As we know, Iodophor is an iodine-containing solution used in the dairy and brewing industries as a sanitizer. Chloramines are disinfectants and are used to kill germs in drinking water. As both the compound used to kill bacteria, both contain halogen compounds which equalize the numbers of the hydrogen atoms.
Therefore, Iodophors and chloramines, both compounds, release their active ingredients slower because of their chemical properties, as halogen takes time to equalize the number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, Iodophors and chloramines are very active and effective and widely used by industries but are slower.
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From which two food groups should teens select the same number of servings each day?
Fruits and vegetables are the two food groups for which teens should select the same number of servings each day
What do number of servings mean ?The quantity of food listed on a product's Nutrition Facts label, also known as the food label, is referred to as a serving. The serving sizes vary between items. Sizes can be expressed as numbers, such as three crackers, or as cups, ounces, grammes, pieces, or slices.
The serving size indicates how much food or liquid an individual generally consumes. It does not suggest how much food or liquid you should consume. It's critical to understand that all nutritional information on labels, including the quantity of calories, refers to serving sizes.Learn more about Servings here:
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Event-driven propagation:_______.
a. provides a means to duplicate data for events.
b. pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
c. pulls duplicate data from redundant sites.
d. triggers a virus.
Event-driven propagation pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
An event-driven architecture prevalent in modern applications developed with microservices uses events to trigger and interact between decoupled services. An event is a state change or an update, such as an item being added to a checkout process on an e-commerce webpage. Event-driven propagation pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
A data and application event-driven propagation is a contemporary design approach centered on data that describes "events," something that just happened. The taking of a measurement, pressing a button, or swiping a credit card are all examples of events.
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HELP ASAP
Which of the following statement is NOT correct?
An organism can be made of just one cell
Cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are made of multiple cells
Answer: The last one
Explanation: Some organisms can be unicellular (made of one cell) like E coli and Protista
The nerve cell stage in which potassium returns to the inside of the cell and sodium returns to the outside of the cell is called what?
The nerve cell stage in which potassium returns to the inside of the cell and sodium returns to the outside of the cell is called Refractory period.
Nerve cell is the functional unit of the nervous system. The action potential is transmitted through various phases.
Normally the nerve cell is in resting membrane potential of -70mV. During this phase all the gated channels are closed and only passive transport of ions take place.
As a action potential arrive all the voltage gated sodium open and influx of sodium occurs into the cells. It is called depolarization phase. It causes the membrane potential to pass to next part of the axon.
After that the potassium channels open and outflow of K+ ions occurs outside cell called repolarization.
The resting period after this is called refractory period.
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How do electrostatic interactions contribute to the free enrgy of hydrolysis of atp?
Answer:
Electrostatic repulsion destabilizes ATP relative to the hydrolysis products and therefore makes hydrolysis favorable.
Explanation:
Whenever in contact with water, the highly unstable molecule of ATP hydrolyzes into ADP as well as inorganic phosphate. Those two high-energy containing phosphate bonds inside this molecule are what give it its high energy. When the high-energy containing phosphoanhydride bonds within the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are broken, like inside the muscles, energy that had previously been deposited in these bonds is freed through the catabolism method known as ATP hydrolysis. The amount of energy should always be entered into ATP synthesis because ATP hydrolysis radiates. An endergonic mechanism is a phosphorylation, or perhaps the condensing of phosphate groups into AMP. Energy is required for a variety of vital biological and cellular functions, including ATP hydrolysis.
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Is it better to rely on regional data from individual countries when looking at global trends?
No, it is not better to rely on regional data from individual countries when looking at global trends.
Disappointment with strategies that operate at a global level may explain why companies that do perform well internationally apply a regionally oriented strategy in addition to—or even instead of—a global one. put differently, global as well as regional companies need to think through strategy at the regional level.
What is regional data?
Regional data collection improves the performance of your sites and mobile apps by minimizing the space and total time required for data to be sent across a secure connection to data centers.
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________ tests detect the presence of disease-producing organisms in urine, blood, and feces.
Microbiological tests detect the presence of disease-producing organisms in urine, blood, and feces.
What are Microbiological tests ?
To ensure that items are safe for consumption, microbiological testing is utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, municipal water, and food and beverage industries. A variety of methods are regularly used to assure safety and regulatory compliance, including bioburden testing, mycoplasma identification, pathogen and spoilage testing, pyrogen testing, sterility testing, air monitoring, and surface testing.
What is pathogen ?
An organism that causes disease is called a pathogen.
Your body is already teeming with microbes. However, these organisms only become an issue if your immune system is compromised or if they are able to get into an area of your body that is typically sterile.
Different from other organisms, pathogens can spread disease once they enter the body.
A host is all that a pathogen requires to grow and survive. The pathogen enters a host's body, avoids the immune system's defenses, and uses the host's resources to replicate before leaving and infecting a new host.
They can be transmitted via skin-to-skin contact, body fluids, airborne particles, excrement, and surfaces that have been touched by an infected person.
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In sensory memory, auditory stimuli are to _____ memory as visual stimuli are to ______ memory.
In sensory memory, auditory stimuli are to echoic memory as visual stimuli are to iconic memory.
What is Sensory memory ?After the initial stimulus has stopped, humans can still remember their impressions of sensory information thanks to sensory memory, which is a very short memory. It is frequently considered the first stage of memory, registering a huge amount of information about the surroundings for a very short time.
Examples of sensory memory :The information we get from our senses is stored in the sensory register and memory. Examples of sensory memory include smelling chicken noodle soup, feeling gum under a chair, and seeing a dog. These signals are sent to the brain by our eyes, noses, and nerves.
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The plasma membrane must possess mechanisms for getting nutrients into the cell. nutrients such as oxygen and hydrogen are needed in relatively large amounts and are referred to as?
The plasma membrane must possess mechanisms for getting nutrients into the cell. Nutrients such as oxygen and hydrogen are needed in relatively large amounts and are referred to as macro elements.
Primary nutrients are the components that plants require in large quantities. These macro elements occur naturally in soil. However, they can be exhausted by plants that grow in the same location year after year. Testing soils for macro and microelements, as well as adding nutrients as needed, is essential for any farmer or home gardener
Plants require macro elements like hydrogen and oxygen for cell formation. Carbohydrate metabolism needs phosphorous and potassium for the development of reproductive structures. The proportion of these components is frequently provided on fertilizer product labels.
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where does photo synthesis occur
Answer: In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.
Explanation:
How does mining impact the environment?
Mining has a negative impact on the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife and is denoted as option C.
What is Mining?This is referred to as the process in which minerals and other geologic materials are extracted from the earth with the use of special types of equipment.
It is used to extract minerals which are usually in the form of ores from a mine and contains toxic chemicals such as heavy metals e.g lead etc. It impacts the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife as result of sulfuric acid etc which are used to separate minerals from ore and ammonium nitrate which is used in blasting tunnels.
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The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.
The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the Place theory of hearing.
The place theory of hearing states that the different parts of the basilar membrane respond to sounds of different frequencies. We hear different pitches due to specific frequencies vibrating specific parts on the basilar membrane.
As mentioned, the base part of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies but the tip of the basilar membrane won't respond in the same way. the tip of the basilar membrane will respond best to sounds of low frequency.
It also states that the pitch of a sound is determined by the place of vibration of the membrane.
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we can hear different pitches due to specific sound frequencies causing vibrations in specific parts on the basilar membrane of the cochlea
DNA contains the instructions that cells need to make what organic compounds
Answer: develop, survive and reproduce
Explanation:
The primary anabolic hormone is:____.
a) cortisol.
b) epinephrine.
c) glucagon.
d) insulin.
The primary anabolic hormone is:
d) insulin
How do hormones work?
The Oxford dictionary defines a hormone as "A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action." In essence, a hormone is a message sent by an organ to our body, causing changes. Anabolic and catabolic hormones are the key hormones to consider when it comes to athletic performance.
An anabolic hormone is what?
According to Kids Health.org, anabolic supplements, commonly referred to as anabolic steroids, are hormones created intentionally. The purpose of these artificial hormones is to mimic the effects of androgens, a type of male sex hormone. The adverse effects of anabolic pills are many and extremely dangerous.
What hormone is the main anabolic one?
Testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor are three of the key anabolic hormones.
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One of the primary functions of sebum is: ________
a. protection against infection
b. hair growth
c. tissue repair
d. scar development
e. excoriation
One of the primary functions of sebum is : protection against infection.
Sebum is an oily substance that the sebaceous glands produce. It combines with lipid molecules, which are fat molecules, to create a protective layer on the skin's surface. These lipids aid in hydrating the skin and shielding it from pathogens like bacteria and fungi that could be harmful.
Sebum helps in providing infection protection in the following ways:
90% of the lipids, or fat molecules, on the skin's surface are contributed by sebum. These lipids keep the skin moist and shield it from UV rays and other irritants.Fat-soluble antioxidants, like vitamin E, are also transported to the surface of the skin by the sebum. By taking this action, skin oxidative damage might be avoided.Atopic dermatitis and staph infections are both brought on by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which is also fought off by sapienic acid and other fatty acids in sebum.Squalene and many of the fatty acids found in sebum, as well as other sebum constituents, have anti-inflammatory properties.Find more on Sebum at : brainly.com/question/10723558
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Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan (cell wall) synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment.
Bacterial cells will continue to develop properly in the presence of penicillin in an isotonic environment even if penicillin inhibits the production of peptidoglycan (the building block of the cell wall).
What does it mean to be a peptidoglycan?The term peptidoglycan, often known as "murein" or "mucopeptide," comes from the peptides and sugars (glycan) that make up a molecule. This intricately woven network of amino acids and sugar polymers encircles the entire bacterial cell. Human cells do not produce peptidoglycan.
Where does peptidoglycan reside?Cell wall of the bacteria
Almost all bacteria have peptidoglycan (murein), which is a crucial and distinctive part of the bacterial cell wall, on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane.
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What is a possible rationale for the difference between the dna in chromatin and chromosome form?
A possible rationale for the difference between the DNA in chromatin and chromosome form is the structure of chromatin, loosely organized chromatin and condensed chromatin.
What is chromatin?Chromatin is a macromolecular structure composed of DNA and associated proteins called histones, which can be transcriptionally inactive (heterochromatin) or active (euchromatin).
The difference between chromosomes and chromatin is based on the level of organization, which is associated with diverse factors that make this structure dynamic for cell division and/or transcriptional activity.
In conclusion, possible rationales for the difference between the DNA in chromatin and chromosome form are associated with the structure of chromatin, loosely organized chromatin facilitates transcription and condensed chromatin keeps the DNA organized.
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The suffix -ed forms the past participle of a verb: work becomes worked. the
suffix -ing is used to form the present participle of a verb: swim becomes
swimming. using this information, define a developed country.
A developed country is one that has attained all the indices of development.
What is a developed country?The term past participle refers to action that has been completed action. This implies that the past participle is something that has been finished sometime in the past. It is something that has happened and is not presently ongoing.
When we talk about a developed country, we are talking about a a country that has attained all the indices of development such as good infrastructures, sound healthcare and a working political system.
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The biological carbon-based macromolecules play an important role in the health and survival of organisms. Each of these large structures have specific functions, however, some have similarities. Which of the following accurately describes the function of biological macromolecules?
The function of biological macromolecules is that it helps in the growth and in the reproductive processes which occur in cells.
What is a Biological macromolecule?
These are cellular components of the body and are usually organic whose main function is to ensure that an organism is in good health and shape thereby bolstering its chances of survival.
There are different types of biological macromolecules and they include the following below:
CarbohydrateProteinFats and oil etc.Carbohydrate which is an example ensures that energy is made available to the cells so as to enable them perform their daily activities while protein helps in the growth and repair of worn out tissues.
Their existence ensures that organisms don't die out or go extinct which is why it is a very important component of the ecosystem.
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During ________, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
According to the research, the correct option is anaphase. During anaphase, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?It is one of the stages of mitosis, which is a method of cell reproduction, where the separation of pairs of chromosomes that are homologous occurs.
In this sense, the sister chromatids (the units of the chromosome that have already been duplicated) separate from each other and are pulled towards the opposite poles of the cell, that is, they move towards the opposite sector of the cell through the achromatic spindle.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is anaphase. During anaphase, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
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Ways humans positive impact the nitrogen cycle
Humans positively impact the nitrogen cycle according to a recent study, humans are oversupplying ecosystems with nitrogen through the combustion of fossil fuels as well as an increase in industrial and agricultural activities that produce nitrogen. Although nitrogen is a necessary ingredient for life, it is a disaster for the ecosystem when present in large quantities.
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is changed into a variety of chemical forms as it moves across ecosystems in the atmosphere, on land, and in the sea. It is possible to convert nitrogen using both biological and physical methods.
The nitrogen cycle assists in introducing inert nitrogen from the air into plant and animal metabolic processes. The nitrogen cycle is crucial for plants because they need nitrogen to produce chlorophyll.
Because nitrogen is a necessary nutrient for supporting life on Earth, the nitrogen cycle is important. Amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of genetic material, both include a significant amount of nitrogen (RNA and DNA).
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