Mitochondria are postulated to have been primarily acquired via endosymbiosis.
What is endosymbiosis?Endosymbiosis is a process in which the association of a symbiont within a host organism occurs, it had been postulated that the eukaryotic cell as it is known was due to the association of several organisms within oneself and that each of these contributed abilities differentiated within the cell, and this is how organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts were then obtained. This postulate is known as the endosymbiotic origin theory of eukaryotes.
Thanks to endosymbiosis, the eukaryotic cell as we know it can carry out processes such as cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
The reasons why it is believed that the mitochondria come from the process of endosymbiosis is that it has its own DNA that is different from the nuclear DNA, showing that it has a different origin from the rest of the cell and also that it has its own replication material, which is different from other cells.
Therefore, we can confirm that mitochondria are postulated to have been primarily acquired via endosymbiosis.
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The process by which an endospore rehydrates and begins cellular metabolism is termed _____.
The process by which an endospore rehydrates and begins cellular metabolism is termed germination.
Endospore is the dormant form of asexual reproductive structure. It has a tough outer layer that is resistant to various unfavorable conditions, harmful chemicals, therefore protecting the inner contents. The endospore's tough layer breaks off only when the favorable conditions arrive.
Germination is the process where the dormancy of a seed or a spore breaks off and the enzymes present inside get activated. The outer protective payer of the endospore breaks off. After that the spore regains all its functionalities and the cell division begins.
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When two species compete, the niche that each species ultimately occupies is its?
When two species compete, the niche that each species ultimately occupies is its realized niche.
Niche is the functional area of a species. This is the region where an organism actually lives, interacts with its biotic and abiotic factors and most importantly reproduces. Niche is a smaller part of the large habitat. Niche is of two types: Fundamental niche and realized niche.
Realized niche is the niche which an organism lives in due to restrictions. This restriction is usually in terms of competition with another species. Realized niche is the real-world phenomenon. Realized niche can be smaller than or equal to fundamental niche, but it can never be larger.
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What is one reason the presence of iridium leads scientists to hypothesize that a meteorite impact caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs?.
Iridium content in asteroids and comparable extraterrestrial entities is higher than that of the Earth's crust.
One reason the presence of iridium leads scientists to hypothesize that a meteorite impact caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs and Iridium content in asteroids and comparable extraterrestrial entities is higher than that of the Earth's crust.
Asteroids and other such extraterrestrial bodies have higher iridium contents than the Earth's crust, therefore the Alvarez team reasoned that the iridium layer must be made of the dust from the vaporized meteor. This led them to believe that an asteroid impact caused the extinction.What is one explanation for iridium's presence?The Earth's crust contains an extremely small layer of iridium. This is supposed to have been brought on by a big meteor or asteroid striking the planet. Iridium concentrations are higher in meteors and asteroids than in the crust of the Earth. The iridium would have been dispersed over the earth by the impact's massive dust cloud.To learn more about extinction of dinosaurs visit:
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A common technique that encourages partners to rebuild their sexual repertoire through a gradual progression from non-sexual touching to sexual contact is:____
A common technique that encourages partners to rebuild their sexual repertoire through a gradual progression from non-sexual touching to sexual contact is sensate focus. Sexual repertoire refers to the activities (both unpartnered and partnered) about which adolescents learn, gain experience, and make decisions.
A doctor can only detect if you're common sexually active if you're scheduled for a pelvic or rectal exam and have recently had a partner ejaculate inside of you during . Because sperm can live inside the body for up to 5 days, your doctor may notice it during your exam. with coitus as the sine qua non of sexual activity.
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One of the criticisms of selye's general adaptation syndrome concerns the fact that ________ produce the same biological responses.
Selye's general adaption syndrome has been criticized in part because not all stressors result in the same biological reactions.
How to define a syndrome?An accumulation of signs or symptoms that point to the existence of one particular illness or a higher risk of contracting it.
What kind of syndromes are examples?As a result, there are many different conditions that exist today, including Down syndrome, AIDS, Asperger's, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, sick building syndrome, and many more.
Down syndrome variations:Trisomy 21 affects approximately 95% of individuals with Down syndrome.About 3% of those with Down syndrome have translocations, which is a rather uncommon kind.About 2% of individuals with Down syndrome have mosaic Down syndrome.To know more about Syndrome visit:
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Natural fibers, such as wool or cotton, will give a better protection when welding than synthetic fibers like polyester. True or false?.
Natural fibres will not give better protection during welding than synthetic fibres. So the statement is false.
What are synthetic fibres?Only the polymers contained in natural gas and petroleum byproducts are used to make synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres, and the majority of them are manufactured from petrochemicals, a byproduct of the processing of petroleum.
Fibers are the basis for all textiles, and they come from artificial or man-made sources. They have formed up either a tiny unit or a polymer that is constructed from several repeating monomeric building blocks. They consist of polypropylene, nylon, acrylics, and polyurethane. These fibres are manufactured in massive quantities annually all around the world.
Therefore, the statement is false.
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The organelle within the cytoplasm that is involved in the oxidative conversion of foodstuffs into usable cellular energy is the _____.
The cell organelle in the cytoplasm involved in the oxidative conversion of foodstuffs into cellular energy is the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are sausage-shaped, double- membrane bound cell organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic organisms responsible for producing energy for the cell in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). They are also called the powerhouse of the cell.
The mitochondrion is filled with many folds that form a layered structure called the cristae. This is to increase surface area to aid in the production of more ATP molecules.
Mitochondria produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
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What is one way that insects can indicate that an animal was killed by a hunter as opposed to disease or illness?.
Answer: it sticks to it
Explanation:
Suppose that an equal amount of each polysaccharide was placed in a landfill. which polysaccharide should last the longest before it is decomposed?
Cellulose polysaccharide should last the longest before it is decomposed.
Cellulose polysaccharide- A molecule called cellulose is made up of hundreds, and occasionally even thousands, of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The primary component of plant cell walls, cellulose, keeps plants rigid and erect. Although cellulose cannot be digested by humans, it is essential for the diet as fiber.
Fiber- Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains all include fiber, which the body cannot process. Cancer prevention may be aided by dietary fiber. Fiber, such as muscle fiber or nerve fiber, is a term used to describe tissue that is formed of long, threadlike cells in the body.
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A protein with a high percentage of aspartate and glutamate residues would be best purified and concentrated with which type of column?.
Anion-exchange chromatography would best purify and concentrate a protein with a high percentage of aspartate and glutamate residues.
Anion-exchange chromatography separates chemicals based on their charges by utilizing an ion-exchange resin with positively charged groups, such as diethyl-aminoethyl groups (DEAE). The resin is covered with positively charged counter-ions in solution (cations). Anion exchange resins attach to charged molecules and dispense the counter-ion negatively. At higher pH levels, anion exchange chromatography is often used to filter proteins, amino acids, sugars/carbohydrates, and other acidic compounds having a negative charge. The intensity of the substance's negative charge determines the binding's tightness between the substance and the resin.
Thus, aspartate and glutamate, negatively charged amino acids would bind to the positively charged resin in the column.
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The view that human development is multi-directional, multi-contextual, multi-cultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic is known as?
Baltes' lifespan perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary.
Many disciplines are capable of make a contribution critical ideas that combine knowledge, which can also additionally in the end bring about the formation of a brand new and enriched expertise of improvement throughout the lifespan.
Baltes is regarding the truth that a complicated interaction of things impact improvement throughout the lifespan, such as biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. Baltes argues that a dynamic interplay of those elements is what affects an individual’s improvement.
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The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.
Answer:
Explanation:
A peptide is two or more amino acids joined together by peptide bonds, and a polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids. A protein contains one or more polypeptides. Therefore, proteins are long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
hope this helps :)
Polypeptides are collections of amino acid chains linked by what are known as peptide bonds. The carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid condense, forming these peptide bonds and releasing a water molecule in the process.
The size and complexity of polypeptides and proteins primarily differentiate them from each other. Polypeptides are amino acid chains that are usually less than 50 amino acids long. On the other hand, proteins are larger and more complex molecules made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded into certain three-dimensional (three-dimensional) structures known as tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins .
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If the diploid body cells in a giraffe contain 30 chromosomes each, how many chromosomes would a giraffe sperm cell contain?
If the diploid body cells in a giraffe contain 30 chromosomes each, then 15 chromosomes would a giraffe sperm cell contain.
Sperm Cell/Gametes contains the "n" number of chromosome which equals to the half of the diploid cell/somatic cells.
[tex]n=\frac{number of chromosome}{2}[/tex]
Chromosome- A component that can be found in a cell's nucleus. Proteins and DNA are arranged into genes on a chromosome.
Gametes- A gamete is an animal or plant reproductive cell. Animals' male and female gametes are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Each ova and sperm cell has one copy of each chromosome, making them haploid cells. A sperm and an ovum combine during fertilization to create a fresh diploid creature.
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Amphipathic phospholipids arrange themselves into a(n) ______ to form the plasma membrane multiple choice question.
Amphipathic phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer to form the plasma membrane
Amphipathic refers to holding property of both water affinity and it's phobia. Thus, amphipathic compound will have structure suitable for both. Same is the condition with lipids. Lipids have hydrophobic tail that are made up of fatty acids. They also have hydrophilic head which is phosphate group. It is polar in nature and hence easily interacts with water.
The two layers of lipid come together to form plasma membrane. Here, the hydrophilic head remains outside while the hydrophilic tails remain inside the bilayer. Both phosphate and fatty acids are attached to glycerol. Other carbohydrates may attach to lipids forming glycolipids, which play different significant roles in functioning of cell.
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Functional groups help define the properties of macromolecules. the _____ functional group(s) is/are found within amino acids, while carbohydrates contain the _____ functional group(s).
Functional groups help define the properties of macromolecules. the amino and carboxyl functional group(s) is/are found within amino acids, while carbohydrates contain the hydroxyl functional group(s).
Because it is made up of two functional groups—a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group attached to a carbonyl group—the carboxyl functional group that distinguishes carboxylic acids is uncommon. It is frequently written as -CO2H or -COOH in condensed form.A functional group with the chemical formula -OH and consisting of one oxygen atom covalently linked to one hydrogen atom is known as a hydroxy or hydroxyl group. Alcohols and carboxylic acids both include one or more hydroxy groups in organic chemistry.A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, is a very big molecule crucial to biophysical processes. It is made up of many atoms that are covalently bound.To learn more about Functional groups.
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Which molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence?
a. ribosomal rna
b. messenger rna
c. transfer rna
d. primer rna
e. ribozymes
b. messenger RNA molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence.
The central dogma is a process through which information from DNA is converted into proteins via messenger RNA. Central dogma comprises the process of transcription and translation.
Through the process of transcription, information from the DNA is transferred into the messenger RNA.
Through the process of translation, information from the mRNA is translated to form an amino acid sequence for proteins.
Each mRNA transcript acts as a codon. This codon is complementary to amino acid sequences required for the formation of proteins. Hence, the correct option is messenger RNA.
The process of translation occurs in the ribosomes where the tRNA brings the amino acids which will form the complementary anti-codons.
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Genes inherited from biological parents, height and weight gains, advances in motor skills, and hormonal changes of puberty reflect ______ processes.
Genes inherited from biological parents, height and weight gains, advances in motor skills, and hormonal changes of puberty reflect biological processes.
These are changes in an individual's thinking, intelligence, and language.Biological methods produce adjustments in an individual's bodily nature. and weight gains, adjustments in motor skills, the hormonal adjustments of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of organic methods that have an effect on development.
Genes inherited from parents, weight gain, cardiovascular decline, hormonal modifications of puberty, and mind development.
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The restriction endonuclease ecori cleaves the dna sequence 5'-gaattc-3' in such a way as to leave a 5' overhang, which is often referred to as a "sticky end". to what does this sticky end adhere?
The restriction endonuclease EcoRI cleaves the DNA sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' in such a way as to leave a 5' overhang, which is often referred to as a "sticky end". To 5' overhang with the complementary sequence this sticky end adhere.
The palindrome EcoRI restriction site breaks DNA after G and creates sticky ends with AATT. G/corresponding AATTC's DNA sequence is CTTAA/G, where "/" designates the location of the peptide bond break.When the ssDNA sequence 5'-GAATTC'-3 is recognised by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI, a single-strand cut is made between the G and A nucleotides.At the ultimate end of double-stranded DNA, an overhang is single-stranded DNA. This can occur on either strand, and if it does, there will either be a 5' overhang on the 5' end of the strand or a 3' overhang on the 3' end of the strand.To learn more about DNA.
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In a given homologous chromosome pair, how many recombinant chromatids are generated by a single crossover event?
In a given homologous chromosome pair, two recombinant chromatids are generated by a single crossover event.
Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that possess the same genes at the same loci and also have the same structure. One chromosome of the homologous pair is paternal while the other is maternal. Crossing over even takes lace between homologous chromosomes only.
Crossing over is the event that involves the interchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Due to this event, the offspring receives genes from both the parents. The exchange of genetic material occurs between two non-sister chromatids in crossover, hence two recombinants are obtained.
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_____ cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
Natural killer cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
What are lymphocytes?Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system.
Lymphocytes include the following cells;
B cellsT cellsnatural killer cellsNatural killer cells are large granular lymphocyte-like cells with important functions in innate immunity. They lack antigen-specific receptors but can detect and attack certain virus-infected cells via cell to cell contact.
Therefore, natural killer cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
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The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that is the primary ovarian hormone after ovulation is __?
The hormone produced by the corpus luteum which is the primary ovarian hormone after ovulation is progesterone.
Corpus luteum is a gland that is produced when an egg is released from the ovary. Progesterone hormone is produced by the corpus luteum as well as the adrenal glands and placenta. Ovulation occurs as a result of an increase in the luteinizing hormone. The corpus luteum is formed after the release of the egg which then produces progesterone hormone.
Progesterone is an important hormone in maintaining pregnancy which belongs to the class of estrogens as it prepares the uterus lining for the implantation of the fertilized egg. It also plays important role in lactation and fetal development. Progesterone is also involved in maintaining the secondary sex characteristics of females.
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What changes in jim's muscles promote unloading of o2 from hemoglobin for use by the muscle cells?
The correct answer for this question is,
The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases due to increased acidity (lower pH) and increased temperature.
The pH in working muscle decreases due the increases production of both CO2 and lactic acid.
Because the muscles require oxygen to produce ATP, the oxygen is released from hemoglobin and utilized by the muscles to carry out aerobic reactions within their cells. His body could thereby maintain equilibrium. The O2 from hemoglobin is what causes the burning sensation in muscles and cells when these cells are used excessively. He rowed the boat hard to its top speed, burning up his hemoglobin. In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, this leads the muscles to utilize his oxygen within the cells.
The O2 from hemoglobin is what causes Jim's muscles and cells to feel like they are burning when these cells are being used excessively. He rowed the boat hard to its top speed, burning up his hemoglobin. In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, this leads the muscles to use their oxygen within the cells.
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which shape is both a rectangle and a square
Rectangles are squares too, but not all squares are rectangles. When all four sides of a rectangle are not congruent, that is, when all four sides are not the same length, then a rectangle is NOT a square. Instead, a rectangle will have two pairs of sides, with each pair having two sides that are opposite each other, parallel to each other, and congruent to each other while, at the same time, NOT congruent to the other.
In conclusion, a rectangle is not a square if all four of its sides are not congruent, or if all four of its sides do not match.
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What is one situation seen in natural forests that is not found in palm oil plantations?
Palm oil plantations have more insect biodiversity than natural forests is one situation seen in natural forests.
Biodiversity - The diversity of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our ecological landscape are all included in what is known as biodiversity. These many species and critters collaborate in complicated web-like ecosystems to keep things in balance and support life.
Plantation- A plantation is defined as a community that raises crops or a sizable collection of plants, trees, or other types of flora.
Ecosystem- An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plants, animals, and other species interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors.
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The notion that all behavior can be explained by the workings of the brain is commonly referred to as?
The notion that all behavior can be explained by the workings of the brain is commonly referred as materialism.
Materialism- A philosophical alternative to Cartesian dualism is materialism. According to dualism, the body and other physical objects, including the mind, are constituted of distinct "stuff." This theory is rejected by materialism, which contends that mental activities are products of physical processes.
Brain- The brain is a sophisticated organ that manages every bodily function as well as cognition, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, temperature, and hunger. The central nervous system, sometimes known as the CNS, is made up of the brain and the spinal cord that emanates from it.
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One function of the hcl secreted in the stomach is to convert pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin. why dont stomach cells simply secrete pepsin instad?
Cells would break down their own cellular proteins if they produced active pepsin.
Cellular Protein- The collection of proteins inside a cell determines its state of health and how well it works. Proteins are responsible for the shape and internal structure of cells, the synthesis of products, the elimination of waste, and routine maintenance.
Pepsin- An enzyme in the stomach called pepsin is utilized to digest eaten food's proteins. The primary cells of the stomach generate pepsin as pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen. The parietal cells in the stomach's lining release hydrochloric acid, which lowers the stomach's pH. At a pH of 1.5 to 2, pepsin is activated.
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What factors affect natural selection? select three options.
a. isolation
b. variation
c. overpopulation
d. adaptation
Natural selection leads to____.
Evolution, a process of change in a population over time, is brought about by natural selection.
There are three requirements for natural selection.
variationoverpopulationadaptationWhat is natural selection and example?Natural selection is a process in which more environment-adapted organisms tend to survive and reproduce more frequently than less environment-adapted ones. For instance, birds and snakes occasionally consume tree frogs.
Natural selection affects an organism's phenotype, or its traits that interact with the environment, but any phenotype having a genetic foundation (heritable) that facilitates reproduction may spread more widely in a population.
Evolutionary developmental biology, which describes evolution at the molecular level, was made possible by the advent of molecular genetics. While random genetic drift can cause genotypes to progressively shift, natural selection continues to be the main mechanism for adaptive evolution.
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Answer:
B, C, and D
Explanation:
B- Variation, C- Overpopulation, and D- Adaptation
Natural selection leads to-
Natural selection leads to Evolution.
(Correct on edg)
.
The main energy source for the oxygen system during exercise of 2 hours of length would be?
Adenosine Triphosphate main energy source for the oxygen system during exercise of 2 hours of length would be. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy source. ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate composed of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and three serially linked phosphate groups. ATP is an energy-carrying chemical found in all living creatures' cells.
When food molecules are broken down, ATP Adenosine creates chemical energy and uses it to fuel other cellular processes. In the mitochondria of a cell, the process of cellular respiration also results in the production of ATP. Anaerobic respiration, which doesn't require oxygen, or aerobic respiration, which does, are both options for doing this.
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer:
Sucrase will not be able to bind in the active site
A single amino acid substitution—from a polar to the nonpolar amino acid—occurred in the active region of the enzyme as just a result of a mutation within the gene which codes for the enzyme sucrase. Mostly what likely resulted from this mutation. An active site would not allow sucrase to bind.
The connection between the two sugars which comprise sucrose is disrupted when sucrose attaches towards the sucrase active site. The Fructose as well as glucose are released when the connection breaks.
The human body contains sucrase, but where exactly can you find it there?
A partly integrated integral protein called sucrose isomaltase (SI) is found within the small intestine's brush border.
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The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of what type of organelles?.
The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of membraneous organelles.
This means that they are organelles which are found in the in any eukaryotic cell. Other organelles found in eukaryotic cells include ribosomes, centrosome, centrioles, chloroplast, lysosomes and others
Cytoplasmic organellesThe protoplasm of all living organisms are made up of both nucleus and cytoplasm. All the organelles which are embedded in nucleus of bitg plants and animal cells are known as cytoplasmic organelles.
Organelles found in the cytoplasm include the following:
Mitochondria: This is referred to as the power house of a cell. Ribosomes: It is the site of protein synthesis Golgi complex or golgi apparatus or golgi bodyEndoplasmic reticulumLysosomes and othersSo therefore, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of membraneous organelles
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