If an atom has 14 protons, 11 neutrons, and 17 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?

The neurotransmitter that functions to stimulate skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart is acetylcholine.

A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits information through nerve cells or neurons, and acetylcholine functions to contract smooth muscles.

In conclusion, the neurotransmitter that functions to stimulate skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart is acetylcholine.

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dsDNA, upon entry to the cell, can be immediately copied into mRNA.

dsDNA- Two polynucleotide chains with nitrogenous bases joined by hydrogen bonds make up double-stranded DNA. Due to the anti orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbones and the complimentary nature of the A-T and C-G base pairing, one strand in this arrangement mimics the other.

Cell- The science of structure and function of cells is known as cell biology, and it is based on the idea that a cell is the basic building block of all life. A thorough understanding of the organisms and tissues that cells make up is made possible by concentrating on the cell.

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(P high - P low) is re-established to optimize the variable(s) of Fick's law.

According to Fick's law of diffusion, particles subject to random thermal motion have a tendency to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Fick's diffusion law, which asserts that the diffusion flow is proportional to the concentration gradient, mathematically describes three-dimensional diffusion.

The diffusion process is explained by Fick's law of diffusion (movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration region). Adolf Fick first explained Fick's Law of Diffusion in 1855. Normal diffusion, often known as Fickian diffusion, is a diffusion process that complies with Fick's rules. An abnormal diffusion process also referred to as non-Fickian diffusion, defies Fick's rules.

According to Fick’s law of diffusion,

“The molar flux due to diffusion is proportional to the concentration gradient”.

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Transverse, horizontal

If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the Transverse or the horizontal plane.

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Answer:

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations.

Explanation:

The SNS is a part of the  central nervous systems  which are responsible for producing reflex cardiovascular system modifications as well as localised changes (such sweating in reaction to a rise in body temperature). The defence response, which is a broad rapid reaction, is produced when the SNS is fully engaged under stress. Large amounts of adrenaline are released from either the adrenal gland during this response, which is also characterized by a rise in cardiac function, heart rate, as well as skeletal muscle dilatation as well as pupillary dilation, bronchial dilatation, and piloerection. The ultimate result is to have the person ready for possible danger. Together with additional neurological or hormonal reactions to stress, such as increased corticotropin as well as cortisol release, the SNS acts.

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Answer: They break down dead organisms

Explanation: Decomposers eat dead organisms for energy.

The use of MRI brain scans has revealed enlarged ventricles in those who suffer from schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by recurrent or ongoing psychotic episodes. Hallucinations (often voice hearing), delusions, and jumbled thinking are among the main symptoms. Other signs include indifference, a reduction in emotional expression, and social disengagement. Young adulthood is the normal time for the onset of symptoms, which frequently never go away. Observed behavior, a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and the accounts of those who are familiar with the person are used to make the diagnosis because there is no objective diagnostic test. If symptoms and functional impairment are present for six months (DSM-5) or one month, schizophrenia can be diagnosed.

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Percussion means tapping firmly on a specific body site to detect resonating vibrations.

Leopold Auenbrugger von Auenbrugg, an Austrian physician, published the first account of the surgery in 1761. Although it was mostly disregarded by his contemporaries, it is now often used. Percussion is the act of tapping various body parts with the fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination. To ascertain The shape, texture, and boundaries of body organs. fluid levels inside or outside of body parts. Along with inspection, palpation, auscultation, and inquiry, it is one of the four techniques used during a clinical examination. Similar to how simply tapping on a container with your hands causes different noises, lightly tapping on the chest wall causes different sounds depending on how much air is present in the lungs. To ascertain:

The shape, texture, and boundaries of body organs. fluid levels inside or outside of body parts.

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The purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.

Pine needle has resin that is responsible for the defense of plant body against insects and other animals. The resins may disrupt the feeding, digestion or metabolic function of the insects and animals that feed on it. Resin is a substance that can be used for a various purposes in our daily life. It is commonly used for making arts, crafts, flooring and countertops. Resin can also be used to make plastics and act as an excellent adhesive which is used to join materials to one another. Pines and many other plants that produce resin are used to protect the inner body of plant from causing disease.

So we can conclude that the purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.

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With respect to ph, in order for cells to continue to effectively do their jobs, it is important that the cell is able to maintain a neutral pH, around 7.

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The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of (b) eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are the advanced cells that have fully developed true nucleus and all the cell organelles. The cell organelles are mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, etc. These cells have 80S ribosomes. The organisms that possess a eukaryotic cell are: protozoans, plants, fungi and animals.

Nucleus is the double membranous structure that stores the genetic material. The membrane of the nucleus has small pores that regulates the traffic of substances crossing the membrane. It also regulates all the activities of the cell. It is also called the central unit of the cell.

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The average annual temperature, precipitation, and yearly variation in temperature and precipitation are the primary metrics used by biologists to identify and characterize climate in a region.

Only when these will merge into larger drops through turbulence, in which water droplets clash and produce even larger droplets, is precipitation feasible. The droplets eventually descend, agglomerate, and grow heavy from resistance, and they finally fall as rain.

When cloud droplets or ice particles in the clouds develop and merge, they can no longer be supported by the updrafts (such as upward moving air) in the clouds and fall to the ground, forming precipitation.

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When  the receptor cells have registered a Stimulus sensory organs the energy is converted to an electrochemical impulse.

They communicate among centers in the central nervous system and they command your muscles to move. Nerve impulse are electrochemical events. Observed as an electrical event , a nerve impulse is called action potential.

Without nerve conduction, the process by which nerve impulses travel along our neurons, none of our perceptions, thoughts, or memories would be possible. Nerve conduction is an electrochemical process, which means it involves the use of electricity generated by chemical molecules.

Stimulus sensory organs like ear, eyes, nose, skin and tongue are called sensory organs. Stimulus is visual, taste, touch, smell and hear.

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Answer:

Prokaryotic genomic DNA is attached to the plasma membrane in the form of a nucleoid, in contrast to eukaryotic DNA, which is located in a nucleus.

Explanation:

The emerging field of systems biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.

This is defined as the study of the interactions and behavior of the components of biological entities such as atoms, cells etc using computational and mathematical analysis.

This is a newly developed branch of science and it helps scientists to understand the different ways in which organs and molecules work and their overall effect the body system.

This is therefore the reason why systems biology was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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Answer:

the answer is

Explanation:

the -peripheral- nervous system

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the (c) liver.

Intracranial bleeding is the bleeding that occurs inside the skull. This leads to accumulation of blood that exerts pressure on the brain, ultimately leading to brain damage. The causes for bleeding can be various like: trauma, rupture of blood vessel, high blood pressure, or tumors.

Hypoglycemia is the condition of low levels of sugar in the blood. The most common reason for this condition is the medications taken to control diabetes. However, it can also happen due to other reasons. The general symptoms of the conditions are: palpitations, anxiety, confusion, etc.

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This reaction is being caused by parasympathetic nervous system.

Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a network of nerves that relaxes the body after periods of stress or danger. It also helps run life-sustaining processes, like digestion, during times when it feel safe and relaxed.

Example, Saliva: The PSNS increases saliva production as part of its rest-and-digest function. Saliva includes enzymes that aid in the digestion of meals. Lacrimation: The term "lacrimation" refers to the act of crying. The eyes' fragile tissues are preserved by the lubrication provided by tears.

Lubrication- By applying a thin coating of a solid, liquid, or gas to two moving solid surfaces, lubrication minimizes friction and wear without endangering the surfaces themselves.

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The difference between a hypothesis and a theory is a hypothesis is a possible explanation of a single event based on observation, while a theory is a unifying explanation based on many experiments and observations.

A hypothesis is a supposition or forecast of an event that can be seen and assessed by an investigation or piece of scientific research. A hypothesis, on the other hand, is a plausible explanation for a phenomenon that may be examined by science.

When a strengthened hypothesis overcomes all challenges and establishes itself as the greatest logical explanation for a certain phenomena, it becomes a theory. The hypothesis may need to be changed or even abandoned if there is a sufficient amount of data that either contradicts the hypothesis or supports a more convincing alternative explanation.

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If a DNA-binding protein "reads" a short stretch of DNA and detects the following "second" genetic code provided by the functional groups located on each base as H-HD-CH3-HA-HA-HA-HA-HD, then C-T-G-A is the corresponding sequence of bases.

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The two major approaches used in taxonomic classification of microorganisms that have been isolated and grown in pure culture are termed classical and molecular.

Taxonomic classification is the branch of science that divides and distributes all the living organisms into certain groups in a hierarchical order. Both living and extinct organisms have been classified into those groups, known as taxon. These are: Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

The molecular approach of taxonomy help in establishing the relations between different organism. It helps in identifying the ancestors as well as evolutionary history of an organism. Various molecular techniques are used for this identification.

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Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool. Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates of the Dipnoi order. Lungfish are most recognized for preserving ancestral Osteichthyes features, such as the capacity to breathe air.

Ancestral ammonia structures, such as the existence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish are the tetrapods closest surviving relatives. Only six species of lungfish are known to exist today, and they are found in Africa, South America, and Australia. Lungfish have been found in abundance since the Triassic period, according to the fossil record.

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The expected proportion of albino seedlings is 1/4.

Carrier- A carrier is a person who has the illness but shows no symptoms; they are able to spread the illness to another person. A vector is a creature that may spread illness from an affected person to a healthy person who is not already afflicted.

For Example, One of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (CF).

Recessive Allele- A recessive allele is a form of genetic coding that, in the absence of a dominant allele, has no effect on phenotype. The more pronounced effects of the dominant allele in a dominant/recessive relationship between two alleles obscure the effects of the recessive allele.

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Answer:

It is Between A & D. I think it's D.

The statement that, in garden peas, yellow seed is dominant to green seed means that when a true-breeding parent with yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding parent with green seeds, all offspring will have green seeds.

At a specific genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.

There are three different alleles: allele I allele b, and allele a. (IO or i). Protein A is created and is found on the membrane of an individual's red blood cells if the allele A on the chromosome is present.

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Answer:

In the ferns, the reproductive cycle entails alternation of generations; a spore-producing generation alternates with one that produces eggs and sperm.

Explanation:

A fern is a specific type of vascular plant which reproduces through spores rather than seeds or flowers. Ferns are plants with roots, stalks, and leaves, much like blooming plants. Unlike blooming plants, unfortunately, ferns lack flowers and seeds and rather than reproduce sexually by secreting microscopic spores or occasionally by vegetative means, as is the case with the walking fern.

In previously, many vascular plants that yield spores were loosely classed with ferns and referred to as "fern allies." Surprises concerning the connections between ferns and their companions have been revealed by recent genomic investigations. First, ferns and horsetails seem to have a lot in common. Horsetails are really now included in the fern family. Second, the flora club moss as well as quillworts, which are sometimes referred to as "fern allies," are in no way related to ferns.

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Data from the genetic crosses are consistent with the specific pattern of the inheritance is called as Punnett square

The Punnett square is the table in which the all of the possible outcomes for the genetic cross between the two individuals with the known genotypes are given. In its the simplest form, the Punnett square was consists of the square divided into the four quadrants. A Punnett square was a chart that is allows you to easily determine the expected the percentage of the different genotypes in the offspring of two parents. An example of the Punnett square for the pea plants is shown as below. In this example, both the parents are heterozygous for the flower color (Pp).

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The Pairs of microtubules structure appears to be underdeveloped or missing in the microtubules of the sperm flagellum affected by kartagener syndrome.

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Genes dictate the types and amounts of nutrients in food that will be transformed and reassembled into body structures and compounds.

Gene expression is induced by genes and thus alters the phenotype of an individual. In the converse single nucleotide polymorphisms taking place in a range of genes that are important in inflammation as well as the metabolism of lipids tend to alter the biological activity of important pathways of metabolism and mediators that influence nutrient ability to interact with them.

The genotype or allele set of genes is a unique combination of genes or genetic makeup of a particular individual. Thus genotype can be considered as a complete set of instructions that guides the body of a person to synthesize proteins which in turn pass information to make nutrients present in food to reassemble body structures. This is how a body is supposed to be built and to properly function.

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The difference between a cell in g1 phase and a cell in g2 phase of the cell cycle is:

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