Answer:
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest. Based on their size and charge, the molecules will travel through the gel in different directions or at different speeds, allowing them to be separated from one another.
All DNA molecules have the same amount of charge per mass. Because of this, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments separates them based on size only. Using electrophoresis, we can see how many different DNA fragments are present in a sample and how large they are relative to one another. We can also determine the absolute size of a piece of DNA by examining it next to a standard "yardstick" made up of DNA fragments of known sizes.
What is a gel?
As the name suggests, gel electrophoresis involves a gel: a slab of Jello-like material. Gels for DNA separation are often made out of a polysaccharide called agarose, which comes as dry, powdered flakes. When the agarose is heated in a buffer (water with some salts in it) and allowed to cool, it will form a solid, slightly squishy gel. At the molecular level, the gel is a matrix of agarose molecules that are held together by hydrogen bonds and form tiny pores.
At one end, the gel has pocket-like indentations called wells, which are where the DNA samples will be placed:
Before the DNA samples are added, the gel must be placed in a gel box. One end of the box is hooked to a positive electrode, while the other end is hooked to a negative electrode. The main body of the box, where the gel is placed, is filled with a salt-containing buffer solution that can conduct current. Although you may not be able to see in the image above (thanks to my amazing artistic skills), the buffer fills the gel box to a level where it just barely covers the gel.
The end of the gel with the wells is positioned towards the negative electrode. The end without wells (towards which the DNA fragments will migrate) is positioned towards the positive electrode.
How do DNA fragments move through the gel?
Once the gel is in the box, each of the DNA samples we want to examine (for instance, each PCR reaction or each restriction-digested plasmid) is carefully transferred into one of the wells. One well is reserved for a DNA ladder, a standard reference that contains DNA fragments of known lengths. Commercial DNA ladders come in different size ranges, so we would want to pick one with good "coverage" of the size range of our expected fragments.
Next, the power to the gel box is turned on, and current begins to flow through the gel. The DNA molecules have a negative charge because of the phosphate groups in their sugar-phosphate backbone, so they start moving through the matrix of the gel towards the positive pole. When the power is turned on and current is passing through the gel, the gel is said to be running. [What voltage is used to run a gel?]
DNA samples are loaded into wells at negative electrode end of gel.
Power is turned on and DNA fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).
After the gel has run, the fragments are separated by size. The largest fragments are near the top of the gel (negative electrode, where they began), and the smallest fragments are near the bottom (positive electrode).
DNA samples are loaded into wells at negative electrode end of gel.
Power is turned on and DNA fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).
After the gel has run, the fragments are separated by size. The largest fragments are near the top of the gel (negative electrode, where they began), and the smallest fragments are near the bottom (positive electrode).
Based on similar diagram in Reece et al.^2
2
squared
As the gel runs, shorter pieces of DNA will travel through the pores of the gel matrix faster than longer ones. After the gel has run for awhile, the shortest pieces of DNA will be close to the positive end of the gel, while the longest pieces of DNA will remain near the wells. Very short pieces of DNA may have run right off the end of the gel if we left it on for too long (something I've most definitely been guilty of!).
Visualizing the DNA fragments
Once the fragments have been separated, we can examine the gel and see what sizes of bands are found on it. When a gel is stained with a DNA-binding dye and placed under UV light, the DNA fragments will glow, allowing us to see the DNA present at different locations along the length of the gel.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! :D
How is Andy reacting to Keisha not spending enough time with him?
Answer:
Andy is mad I think right
What killed Topthorn in War Horse?
Please answer, Also, I need 5 more brainlyests, so i need help...
And, Have a great day or night, or at least try to..
Answer:
Topthorn died from heart failure after drinking water with Joey.
Explanation:
Answer:
Topthorn died from heart failure after drinking water with Joey.
Explanation:
What do you think of Hulga's conviction that intelligence and education are incompatible with religious faith?
Answer:
O'Connor shows Hulga to be limited and blinded by her view that intelligence and education are incompatible with religious faith. Her belief in her own intelligence is a form of pride and arrogance that prevents her from seeing what is in front of her.
16. Read the sentence
Read it and prepare a report for the social studies dass.
What is the simple subject?
social studies
report
(you)
dass
social studies is diffrent peaple to solve thier Goals
. What distinction did the set for Rear Window hold among all sets built for Paramount Studios at this time?
The biggest distinction of the "Rear Window" set from the set of other films is that almost the entire set was shot indoors, with the construction of replicas of real environments.
We can arrive at this answer because:
"Rear Window" used very few outside locations.For the set to be the way the director needed it was necessary to build a perfect replica of the Greenwich Village courtyard, where the most important scenes were filmed.This setting was made with as much detail as possible and was the most expensive set of its time.The construction of this replica was Paramount's most grandiose and complex work.With that, we can conclude that the work produced for this film was very judicious and surpassed the productions made at the same time.
More information:
https://brainly.com/question/6585929?referrer=searchResults
What is the theme of "The Horse and the Loaded Donkey"
Long journeys are difficult. Friends are willing to help each other. Selfishness is not rewarded. Moral: You get nothing from being selfish.
(credits to tah internet)
who are the main characters in ‘the giver’?
Answer:
Jonas. The eleven-year-old protagonist of The Giver
The Giver. The old man known in the community as the Receiver of Memory.
Jonas's father. A mild-mannered, tenderhearted Nurturer who works with infants
Jonas's mother
Lily
Gabriel
Asher
Fiona.
Explanation:
Hope it helps :)
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST WHO EVER ANSWERS RIGHT
When simply describing the events of a football game,
which verb mood should you use?
A.conditional
B.indicative
C.interrogative
D.subjunctive
WHO EVER ANSWERS BEST WILL GET BRAINLIEST ANSWER
Answer:
D
Explanation:
subjunctive
The subjunctive mood can express wishes, doubt, or contradiction
what is the Cause and Effect link between nutrition and health.
Nutrition is one of the most important contributors to human health. In addition to managing weight, blood pressure and cholesterol, a healthy diet can help prevent and manage of a number of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers.
Explanation:
This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
A.had cost
B.costs
C.was cost
D.cost
The correct phrase to use in the blank space is: A. had cost.
Therefore the sentence will be;
This house had cost 35,000 pounds in 1980.
"Had cost" is used to express the price of the house sometime in the past. It can be used instead of the past tense of cost which is costed.
The past participle form of the verb is used in addition with "had" to create this effect.
Learn more about past participles here:
https://brainly.com/question/14460133
what are stacey's values in roll of thunder hear my cry
Answer:
Stacey is Cassie's older brother. He attends seventh grade, which puts him in the same class his mother teaches. Because his father is often away for work, Stacey feels that he must be the man of the house, which makes him resent Mr.
Question 2 of 10 In the film "EPIC 2015," EPIC is a system that: A. organizes online video games by genre. B. sells custom-made magazine subscriptions. C. combines all online news stories together. thing O D. creates custom packages of information. SUBMIT
Answer:
creates custom packages of information
Explanation:
10pts
Can someone help me with #2 on the savagery part
Answer:
The words circled (ex. smashed, plastered, clambered) have very strong imagery. These words convey a sense of haste and are synonymous with descriptions of animalistic behavior. Those literary devices give imagery to the basic, savage nature of the text.
Explanation:
i need to know the anser
Answer:
d
Explanation:
green rooms help do that will
Answer:
I believe A. is correct but I'm not for sure.
Explanation:
A.
the use of perfect tenses of the verb is important because _____
Answer:
Perfect verb forms also apply to past and future tenses, where an event took place before another or will be completed in the future before another action.
Explanation:
Communicating events with indiscrete times can be tricky in English. The present perfect tense is supposed to make this easier. If you want to explain an event that happened at an indefinite time in the past or that began in the past and continues into the present.
Lisa: I’m hungry _____ there any crisps?
Tom: No, there _____any, but there is _______ ham sandwich.
Lisa: Great! I’ll have the ham sandwich and then ______ orange. Is there _____ ice cream left?
Tom: No, there ______any ice cream. I’ll go to the supermarket. How _______tomatoes are there? Lisa: There _____ only one. We should buy ______ more tomatoes. Oh! How ____butter is there? Tom: There isn’t _______. And we need ______ sugar, too.
Which detail from "The Monkey's Paw" most clearly helps create tension?
Answer:
The detail from "The Monkey's Paw" that most clearly helps create tension is Mr. Morris throws the monkey's paw into the fire and Mr. White grabs it.
Explanation:
In "The Monkey's Paw" by W.W. Jacobs, we can see the constant use of several literary elements to produce horror suspense and tension, many feelings come to life in this story, but when the monkey's paw is thrown to the fire to be destroyed and Mr whites grabs it, we have a big moment of tension, because we don't know what is he going to wish for and how is this going to affect them.
Highlight the preposition in the sentence below.
At the baseball game, Victor Salazar caught a foul ball.
Answer:
its either at or a
Explanation:
Answer:
At the baseball game, Victor Salazar caught a foul ball.
Explanation:
Hope I helped, mark brainliest :D
Your regards,
Lillith of brainly
what is the theme in lion king
The theme in The Lion King is to simply move on from your past.
Whatever happened in the past is simply just that — in the past.
The moral of the story is to learn from it, grow personally from it, and then move on with your life and don't dwell on things
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS ITS DUE TODAY AND IM PANICKED
Answer:
D - A story about a hiker who gets lost in the woods for several weeks
Explanation:
Well, based on all the given hours it seems to make more sense for the story to be slow-paced when a hiker gets lost so whoever is writing the story can take the readers through an experience and keep the reader on their feet to what will happen next.
Hope this helps! : )
Can you think of any other instances in which conformity would be a good thing
Answer:
“By being conformist, we copy the things that are popular in the world. And those things are often good and useful.” For example, most people don't understand how germs can cause disease – but they know they should wash their hands after using the bathroom.Jul 28, 2015
Explanation:
how does mephastophilis create conflict for faustus
Answer:
Having experienced the happiness of heaven, Mephistopheles is torn between heaven and hell. He is unhappy in hell and confesses to Faustus that he is tormented there: … By warning Faustus of the nature of hell, Mephistopheles offers him an opportunity to reconsider his decision and turn away from evil.
Explanation:
‘I punch my pillow’ - Identify the poetic device?
a. Rhyming
b. Repetition
c. Alliteration
d. Sibilance.
How many sets of rhyming words are there in the given poem?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
Answer:
C. Alliteration
A. 4
Explanation:
I dunno if this is right...
John_______ a letter from my aunt yesterday. *
posted
wrote
gave
received
John received a letter from my aunt yesterday.
Answer:
hmmmmm
Explanation:
man i cant answee but thank you
3 pages
you are the narrator
you are a ghost - do NOT choose a real person that you know
your story can be funny or silly if you'd like
you witness a crime
describe exactly what you observe
Describe in detail - who you are, what happened to you, how you died, and how you became a ghost
Describe some supernatural ability that you possess
Describe how you use it for good
My story
In the evening,me and my friends decided to go to the cinema. It was a wonderful day , but it was raining. Unfortunately it was super foggy outside , i basically died in a car crash .
Hello , my name is ____________ And Im a ghost,and before i died i couldve see my future,as a ghost! Okay, so im not a normal ghost. Im a magic ghost with the power of stopping the time!
Thats soo cool right? You may ask, how is that power useful? Oh well,when a thief tries to steals a old lady's bag,i stop the time and give the bag , back to the lady. I also stop the time in serious moments,when a person almost gets hit by car,i stop the time and then..BOOM! Everyone is alright,haha im such a hero right? Well that was my story .
Im sorry thats all,Its more like an idea so you can get more ideas .I know Its not a lot because im in a rush .
How did Roland die in the song of Roland
Answer:
(Hope this helps can I pls have brainlist (crown)☺️)
Explanation:
Roland dies from the force of blowing the olifant, which causes his temple to rupture, rather than a wound caused by the adversary (ll. 1764, 1786). This is not a suicidal gesture, but rather a display of the hero's incredible power, which has rendered him mortally injured.
He ultimately made his way to Storybrooke, where he began to bond with his father's new girl_friend, Regina, and became embroiled in much of their turmoil. His father died eventually, and he returned to Sherwood Forest, just as Robin had wished.
Roland, the Song's hero and Charlemagne's nephew, leads the French forces' rear guard and explodes his temples by blowing his olifant-horn, wounds from which he dies facing the enemy's country.
Combine each group of short sentences into one sentence. Various combinations are possible. Choose the combination
that reads most smoothly and clearly and that sounds most appropriate in the context of surrounding sentences.
(Please write or type your answers on a separate sheet of paper.)
Star Trek
Star Trek was a television series.
It was an experiment.
The experiment was in science fiction for adults.
.
•It was a low-budget production.
• It could not afford fancy special effects.
•It built its stories around very human characters.
•One character was an alien named Mr. Spock.
•He had pointy ears.
• He bled green blood.
• He worked well with another character.
This other character was Captain Kirk.
• Captain Kirk was the commander of the starship Enterprise.
•Spock was a symbol of reason in human nature.
•Kirk was a symbol of emotion in human nature.
•Together, they represented the basic human conflict between the head and the heart.
.
•Star Trek was on the air for three seasons.
• Its ratings declined.
•The show was canceled.
.
.
•Then a miracle happened.
• Reruns became popular.
The show refused to die.
• Fans called themselves Trekkies.
•The fans watched episodes many times.
•The fans held conventions.
• The conventions attracted as many as twenty thousand people.
.
Star Trek was an experimental science fiction television series for adults.
It was a low-budget production because fancy special effects couldn't be afforded, it built its stories around very human characters.
One character was an alien named Mr. Spock, he had pointy ears and bled green blood.
Mr. Spock, the symbol of reason worked well with another character, Captain Kirk who was the commander of the Starship Enterprise, the symbol of emotion in human nature, together, they represented the basic conflict between head and heart.
Star Trek was on the air for three seasons before its ratings declined and the show was canceled.
Then a miracle happened, reruns became popular, the show refused to die.
Fans called themselves Trekkies, they watched episodes many times and held conventions that attracted as many as twenty thousand people.
What is a character motivation?????????????????????????????????????????/
Answer:
Character motivation is the reason behind a character's behaviors and actions in a given scene or throughout a story.
Explanation:
I HOPE THIS HELPS!!!!!
Answer:
Character motivation is the reason behind that particular characters actions in a story
I hope this helps
hi i need help with a English problem.
I'll mark you as brainiest and I'll follow you.
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
sorry if a couple of them are wrong. please brainliest
Answer:
1 - C
2 - C
3 - B
4 - A
5 - B
6 - A
7 - B
8 - A
Explanation:
How are a migrant workers travels form of escape in the story?
Mice and men
Answer:
Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is a story about two migrant
workers, George Milton and Lennie Small. They travel around with each
other, during the Depression, looking for work. In the first chapter,
George and Lennie are portrayed like tramps, who wander the streets
looking for a place to live and work.
