Total 265 RNA molecules can be made by bonding five nucleotides together.
What is RNA?
Full form of RNA is ribonucleic acid and it is a nucleic acid which is found in almost all cells that are living and RNA is mostly similar to DNA but there is one difference between RNA and DNA and the difference is that RNA is single stranded but DNA is double stranded.
The RNA's backbone is made up of phosphate group which is arranged in alternating form and the sugar known as ribose other than the deoxyribose present in DNA. There are four bases found in RNA and these are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
The main function of mRNA is it work as imedieter between protein and DNA which is utilised by ribosome for the process of direct synthesis of protein, and the function of tRNA is to carry the accurate amino acid to the proteins synthesis site which takes place in ribosome.
Therefore, Total 265 RNA molecules can be made by bonding five nucleotides together.
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When movement of na ions down their concentration gradient drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane, it is called ___________.
When movement of Na ions down their concentration gradient drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane, it is called Secondary active transport.
Which membrane transport mechanism is dependent on Na+ gradient?Secondary active transport is responsible for transporting sodium ions, and other compounds into the cell. When sodium ion concentrations build pressure outside of the plasma membrane due to active transport, an electrochemical gradient is produced which force the movement of sodium ion inside of the cell. Secondary active transport refers to the type of transport of a solute in the direction of increasing electrochemical potential which leads to facilitated diffusion of ions in the direction of lower electrochemical potential.
So we can conclude that When movement of Na ions down their concentration gradient drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane, it is called Secondary active transport.
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Any enzyme that adds an inorganic phosphate (pi) group to another organic molecule is known as a(n):_________
The enzyme phosphokinase (PK), also known as creatine kinase (CK), aids in controlling the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a cell.
What is inorganic phosphate (pi) ?When in equilibrium with water, the unstable molecule ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and inorganic phosphate. The two high-energy phosphate bonds in this molecule are what give it its high energy.
Phosphodiester bonds are the name for the bonds that bind phosphate molecules together.
Pi, an inorganic phosphate, is a crucial ingredient for all living things. It is essential for several biological processes, such as bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation.
Low phosphate/phosphorus levels could indicate that you: When you have hyperparathyroidism, your parathyroid gland overproduces parathyroid hormone.
Therefore, phosphokinase (PK) adds an inorganic phosphate (pi) group to another organic molecule.
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You suspect that changes in the hormone levels of a bird are causing it to sing more frequently. this is an example of a(n)?
You suspect that changes in the hormone levels of a bird are causing it to sing more frequently. this is an example of a(n):
proximate hypothesis
What is a proximate hypothesis?
An event that is nearest to, or directly accountable for, creating some observed effect is referred to as a proximate cause. This contrasts with a higher-level ultimate cause (also known as a distal cause), which is typically regarded as the "real" cause of an event.
Ex: What caused the ship to sink? A breach beneath the waterline allowed water to enter the hull, making the ship denser than the water that was supporting it, which prevented it from remaining afloat. The ship's collision with a rock, which tore a hole in its hull, was the ultimate reason.
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Name the reagent used and explain the role of the different steps in an endospore stain
Reagent used:
Malachite green (primary stain)
Distilled water works as a decolorizer.
Safranin (counterstain)
Procedure
Take a glass slide that has been well cleaned and sterilized.Using an inoculating loop, apply a small amount of bacterial culture on the glass slide to prepare the smear.Fixing the smear with heat requires rotating the glass slide back and forth over the flame of a Bunsen burner.A blotting paper the size of a glass slide should be placed and saturated with the principal stain, malachite green.For up to 5 minutes, steam the wet blotting paper. You can adjust the amount of colour added during this phase to meet your needs.Rinse the glass slide in water to clean it.Counterstaining: Cover the glass slide completely with counterstain (safranin), let it sit for one minute, and then wash it off.Result
Endospores are either green or maintain the original stain's (malachite green) color. Vegetative cells, in contrast, shed the primary stain and take on the color of the counterstain (safranin) or appear pink in color.
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1. how are positive ions formed (what is gained or lost)? use potassium (k) as an example. how many protons and electrons does a neutral atom of potassium (k) have? how many protons and electrons does a positive ion of potassium (k) have?
Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost, for example, Potassium ion, K⁺ is formed when a Potassium atom, K losses one electron. A neutral atom of Potassium (K) has 19 protons and 19 electrons, and a positive ion of Potassium (K⁺) has 19 protons and 18 electrons.
Ions are charged particles formed when neutral atoms loss or gain electrons. When electrons are lost, positively charged particles called cations are formed, and when electrons are gained, negatively charged particles called anions are formed. Electropositive elements are more likely to form cations. Potassium (K) losses one electron in order to obtain a stable configuration, forming Potassium ion (K⁺).
For all neutral atoms, the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons. The number of protons is the same as the atomic number. Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19, thus it has 19 protons. Since Potassium (K) atom is a neutral atom, it will also have 19 electrons.
However, Potassium ion (K⁺) has lost one of its electrons, so it will have 18 electrons instead of 19. Therefore, Potassium (K) has 19 protons and 19 electrons, while Potassium ion (K⁺) has 19 protons and 18 electrons.
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Must every member of a particular species be able to reproduce in order for the species to survive.
It is not necessary for every members of a particular species to must reproduce in order for the species to survive.
For a given species to survive, not every individual needs to be able to reproduce. because as long as some of the individuals are reproducing the species number will be maintained enough so that it could survive.
Take homo sapiens (Humans) as an example. Many males and females worldwide are sterile and unable to procreate, yet the human species is still thriving.
Also, if we take ants and bees as an example it has a particular cast called reproductive caste which is able to reproduce and all other individuals have their certain assigned duties and still the queen only produce such huge amounts of eggs that they are still surviving.
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Living organisms exist in a dynamic steady state, never at equilibrium with their surroundings because:________
Living organisms exist in a dynamic steady state, never at equilibrium with their surroundings because system at equilibrium cannot perform work. The dwelling organisms exist in a consistent kingdom characterized through awareness of every of the biomolecules. These biomolecules are in a metabolic flux.
Living beings additionally alternate gases with their instant environment, (typically) breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. Heat is likewise exchanged with the environment. Thus a dwelling gadget is by no means at equilibrium with its environment because of regular alternate of rely and strength among the two.
Homeostasis at a cell stage due to the fact on this case, the enter price of the problem is same to the output. In this way, any dwelling organism is an instance of a consistent kingdom due to the fact dwelling organisms or cells want water, oxygen, strength, substances as enter and CO2 as output.
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When organisms leave the group they were born into and join another group, this can alter allele frequencies in the new group. What mechanism is this?.
When organisms leave the group they were born into and join another group, this can alter allele frequencies in the new group. This mechanism is called gene flow.
Allele frequency is a relative term that tells about the frequency of an allele in a population. To calculate allele frequency, the total number of allele of interest is divided by the total number of all the alleles present in that population.
Gene flow is the movement of the genes. It can move into a population or move away from the population. This results in change in the total gene pool of a small population. The migration can either ne natural or forced.
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Prior to the work of _________blank, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
Answer:
Prior to the work of Carl Woese blank, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
Explanation:
Prokaryotes, which comprise two very different species i-e bacteria and archaea, may be found practically everywhere, including within human bodies as well as on every surface of the dwellings. Some inhabit habitats that are too harsh for other types of life, such as the warm pores on the seafloor. Prokaryotes are everywhere, yet they may be challenging to find, quantify, and categorize. Only a small portion of the prokaryotic on the planet that are predicted to exist are represented by those that we now learn about. In reality, in the environment of prokaryotes, the concept of a "species" itself becomes complex. Prokaryotes, meanwhile, are separated into two different branches, or lines of derivation, known as Archaea and Bacteria, according to research done in the mid-1970s by biologist Carl Woese.
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A substance used in preparing histological sections that binds to tissue components, tinting them and making them easier to discern with microscopic examination is a(n):_________
A substance used in preparing histological sections that bind to tissue components, tinting them and making them easier to discern with microscopic examination is a stain.
What is Tissue?Tissue may be defined as a cluster of cells that have an identical structure and that function together as a unit. It occupies the second level after the cell in a hierarchy of development of an organism.
Stains basically used a type of substance the significantly associated with tissues in order to make observation easier to reveal during practical microscopic experimentation.
Therefore, the stain is a substance that discerns with microscopic examination.
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True or false? all medical assistants can legally perform injections under the supervision of a physician.
Legally, any medical assistant who is working under a doctor's direction can administer injections. False: Even when given under a doctor's supervision, medical assistants cannot provide injections in all states.
What is a physician?A physician, often known as a doctor of medicine, frequently focuses on non-surgical care for patients' ailments. That's not to argue that becoming a doctor isn't useful most specialties have a distinctive variety of procedures related to them.
What kind of doctor is a physician?A doctor with a medical degree is referred to as a "physician" in general. Physicians investigate, diagnose, and treat illnesses and injuries in an effort to preserve, promote, and restore health. Typically, a doctor has six fundamental skills patient care.
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Which four of the following entities are generally included in the field of microbiology? multiple select question. yeasts animals prions plants bacteria viruses
Yeasts, bacteria, viruses are generally included in the field of microbiology
The study of various living things that are not visible to the eye, such as bacteria, fungi, and other tiny organisms, is known as microbiology. Despite being little, these organisms are the foundation of all life on earth.
Famous microbiologists like Jenner, who developed a vaccine against smallpox, Fleming, who discovered penicillin, who discovered a connection between Helicobacter infection and stomach ulcers, and zur Hausen, who discovered a connection between the papilloma virus and cervical cancer, have made some of the most significant discoveries that have supported modern society.
Maintaining food, water, and energy security for a healthy people on a habitable earth is only one of the many present global objectives and concerns that microbiology research has been and continues to be crucial in addressing.
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How do lipid soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, cross the cell membrane?
Lipid-derived (soluble) hormones can enter cells by passing through the plasma membrane, binding to DNA, and controlling gene transcription. They can also alter cellular activity by triggering the creation of proteins that have an overall impact on the cell's long-term structure and function.
How can steroid hormones get inside of the cell?The only known method through which steroid hormones may reach cells is by free diffusion through the plasma membrane. Recent research, however, raises the possibility that carrier-bound steroids have cellular absorption mechanisms.
Once at the target tissue, steroid hormones are liberated from the binding protein and since they are lipophilic, they may readily diffuse through the plasma membrane to enter cells. Only free, unbound steroid is physiologically active, thus once at the target tissue. Steroid hormones exist within the cell.
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Two neurosurgeons were able to reduce seizure activity in epileptic patients by severing the _____.
Two neurosurgeons were able to reduce seizure activity in epileptic patients by severing the: corpus callosum
The epilepsy is a brain disease associated with neurological disorders. Patients suffering from this disease present multiple repetitive and unpredictable seizures that could cause physical damage to the patient.
The general cause of epilepsy may be due to a health condition, an injury affecting the brain, or even an unknown (idiopathic) cause. The followings are common causes of epilepsy:
Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Dementia, such as Alzheimer's diseaseTraumatic brain injuryInfections, such as brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, and HIV/AIDSBrain problems present at birthBrain tumorOther disease that damages or destroys brain tissueWhat is the corpus callosum?It is the part of the brain that acts like a bridge linking the two cerebral hemispheres.
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3.05 x 10–3 equals what
Answer:
0.00305
Explanation:
Calculate 10 to the power of −3 and get 1/1000Multiply 3.05 and 1/1000 to get 61/2000061/2^-5.5^-4 = 0.00305Hope it helps!!!
;}
Answer:
0.00305
Explanation:
Given the following question:
Since the exponent is negative, we move the decimal point to the LEFT three times.
3.05 * 10^-3
Exponent is negative:
.0.0.3.05
= 0.00305
Which means your answer is "0.00305."
Hope this helps.
A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in _____.
a) vacuoles secretory
b) vesicles lysosomes
c) golgi vesicles
A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in vacuoles secretory (option A).
What is phagocytosis?Phagocytosis is the form of endocytosis in which a cell incorporates a particle by drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm.
The white blood cell, also known as the leucocytes are the defense of the body as they help fight against foreign substances which they attack by phagocytosis.
Since the foreign bodies are pulled into the vacuole, hence, it can be said that bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in vacuoles secretory.
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Which of the following joins amino acids together
Answer: peptide bonds
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.
Explanation:
Answer:
peptide bonds
Explanation:
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.
All the following are good sources of complex carbohydrates except? oatmeal. milk. carrots. spinach.
The food that is not a good source of complex carbohydrates is milk.
What is carbohydrate?The carbohydrate is one of the six classes of food. The six classes of food that we have are; fat, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. Carbohydrates are made up of glucose molecules as it is a macromolecule.
These molecules are eaten for the purpose of energy because they are broken down in the body to give glucose which is a source of energy in the body.
Thus, the food that is not a good source of complex carbohydrates is milk.
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The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as ________.
The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as luster.
In mineralogy, luster refers to how a mineral surface appears in terms of its capacity to reflect light. The degree of transparency, diaphaneity, and structure of a mineral all affect its luster.
A mineral's ability to reflect light is referred to as luster. The first step in identifying a mineral is to measure it. Always examine a brand-new surface for luster; you might need to remove a tiny amount of material to reveal a clean sample. Metallic luster, which is extremely reflective and opaque, to dull luster (non-reflective and opaque.)
Mineralogists use the physical characteristic of luster to identify minerals. A mineral's luster defines how its exterior reflects light and how its inside may bend or refract light. Some minerals have a metallic sheen, while others don't.
A mineral reflects light by having a luster. The two main categories of luster are described by the labels metallic and nonmetallic. The most popular words for luster are shown in Table 7, along with an illustration of a comparable mineral. Some minerals are described as "earthy," "chalky," or "dull" because they lack luster.
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___ transport moves molecules across the plasma membrane of a cell with the help of transport proteins and energy (atp).
Active transport moves molecules across the plasma membrane of a cell with the help of transport proteins and energy (ATP).
Active transport is the means of transport of molecules across the plasma membrane with the help of energy. This method is usually used for the transport of molecule against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower concentration to higher concentration.
Plasma membrane is the outer layer surrounding the cell. It is made up of lipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol. The lipid bilayer is amphipathic since the lipid head is hydrophilic and its tail is hydrophobic. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature.
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What specifically separates during meiosis i?
a) homologous chromosomes
b) sister chromatids
c) the cytoplasm
d) the genome
The correct option is (a) homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes specifically separates during meiosis I.
What are the stages in Meiosis?
There are two divisions in meiosis, and they both proceed through the same stages as mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Interphase, during which DNA is duplicated to create chromosomes made up of two sister chromatids, comes before meiosis. Between meiosis I and II, a second growth phase known as interkinesis may take place; however, no DNA replication happens during this phase.
1. Meiosis
A reduction division (diploid haploid) occurs during the first meiotic division, separating homologous chromosomes.
P-I: Homologous chromosomes form bivalents, chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane melts, and crossing over takes place.M-I: Bivalents (at centromeres) are aligned along the centre of the cell by spindle fibers from opposing centrosomes.A-I: Bivalent, homologous chromosomes travel to the opposing poles of the cell as spindle fibers compress and separate them.T-I: Cell divides (cytokinesis) to produce two haploid daughter cells, nuclear membrane may reconstruct, and chromosomes decondense.2. Meiosis
Sister chromatids are separated by the second division (these chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I)
P-II: Centrosomes shift to opposing poles, nuclear membrane dissolves, and chromosomes condense (perpendicular to before)M-II: Chromosomes are aligned along the cell equator by spindle fibers from opposing centrosomes that bind to them at the centromere.A-II: Sister chromatids are split apart by contracting spindle fibers, and chromatids (now known as chromosomes) migrate to opposing poles.T-II: Cells divide (cytokinesis) to produce four haploid daughter cells, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes decondense.Learn more about the Meiosis with the help of the given link:
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When using a wet mount on a brightfield microscope, what could you add to your specimen?
In a wet mount, the specimen is held in place between the slide and cover slip by a drop of water. On the slide, place a sample. Put a drop of water on the sample with a pipette. Place the cover slip's edge over the sample and slowly drop it into position using a toothpick or something similar.
What kind of solution should be prepared a moist mount?Wet mounts may be created using a variety of substances. You may use water, immersion oil, and glycerin (glycerol), with water likely being the most popular.
In a wet mount, a little drop of water is applied to the slide, and the specimen is covered with a cover slip to preserve it.
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How is vinegar naturally produced?
a. by yeasts feeding on the sugar in grains or fruit
b. by yeasts feeding on acetic acid
c. by acetobacter feeding on yeasts
d. by acetobacter feeding on alcohol
Answer:
B i got it right on mine but yet again it could be different for you but I would say B
The head of each femur fits into the deep _____________ of each os coxae, helping to stablize the joint.
The head of each femur fits into the deep acetabulum of each os coxae, helping to stabilize the joint.
Acetabulum- The concave surface of the pelvis is known as the acetabulum, sometimes known as the cotyloid cavity. The hip joint is created when the head of the femur connects to the pelvis at the acetabulum.
Os Coxae- The hip bone, also known as the os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone, or coxal bone, is a massive, atypical bone that is compressed in the middle and extended above and below. The ilium, ischium, and pubis are its three component components in certain animals, such as humans before puberty.
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Functional groups containing _____ and _____ atoms usually increase the polarity of a molecule.
Answer:
Functional groups containing Oxygen and Nitrogen atoms usually increase the polarity of a molecule.
Explanation:
Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the periodic table. Its atomic number 8 and atomic mass is 16. About 1772, a Swedish scientist named Carl Wilhelm Scheele made the discovery of oxygen. Some compounds like alcohol, water, carboxylic acids, ketones and many others contain oxygen which make them polar. Among all these compounds water is the most important oxygen containing compound.
The scientific name for nitrogen is N, and it is a flavorless and colorless element. The ground beneath our feet contains nitrogen, as does the water that we drink as well as the air we inhale. Atmosphere contains about 78% of Nitrogen. Nitrogen containing compounds are ammonia, nitric acid and many others. Both oxygen and nitrogen make a compound polar.
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Organisms such as flukes and tapeworms that have bilateral symmetry and an incomplete digestic tact term?
Organisms such as flukes and tapeworms that have bilateral symmetry and an incomplete digestic tract termed to be Platyhelminthes.
What traits distinguish a Platyhelminthes?They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and acoelomate. They could be parasites or free-living beings. Whether or not the body has cilia, the outside is smooth. Due to their lack of segmentation and dorsoventral flattening, they resemble leaves.Do Platyhelminthes pose a threat to people?Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes are acoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical flatworm animals. Humans may suffer injury from flatworms. These are typically endoparasites, which can cause a variety of diseases. Parasitic flatworms can cause taeniasis, an intestinal infection.What is bilateral symmetry?symmetry in which the same anatomical elements are arranged in the same way on either side of a median axis, allowing for only one plane to divide the patient into two virtually similar halves.What is incomplete digestive system?An empty digestive cavity represents an inadequate digestive system. The mouth and anus are both included in the same orifice. There are two openings in the digestive tract, which makes up the entire digestive system. The mouth is one such aperture.To learn more about Platyhelminthes visit:
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The term used to denote foods that contribute energy but lack protein, vitamins, and minerals is ________.
The term used to denote foods that contribute energy but lack protein, vitamins, and minerals is empty calorie foods.
What does it mean when foods are labeled empty calories ?There are a lot of packaged goods in the grocery store that are high in empty calories. This indicates that they are not very nutritious. Instead, they primarily provide your body with additional carbohydrates and solid fats, which can result in weight gain and nutrient inadequacies.
Example of an empty calorie foodEmpty calories are those that are produced by processed oils, added sugars, and solid fats. Carbohydrate-based treats like cakes, cookies, muffins, donuts, granola bars, and more are among them. sweet beverages, such as fruit juice, soda, and energy drinks.
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The half — life of nickel is 96 years. How much of a 30-gram sample is left after 270 years?
The amount of the 30 gram-sample that will remain after 270 years is 6.61 grams
How to determine the number of half-livesWe'll begin by obtaining the number of half lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:
Half-life (t½) = 96 yearsTime (t) = 270 years Number of half-lives (n) =?n = t / t½
n = 270 / 99
n = 2.8125
How to determine the amount remaining Original amount (N₀) = 30 gramsNumber of half-lives (n) = 2.8125Amount remaining (N) =?The amount remaing can be obtained as follow:
N = N₀ / 2^n
N = 30 / 2^2.8125
N = 6.61 grams
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Using a combination of aerobic activities to develop overall fitness is known as?
Cross-training is the practice of engaging in multiple aerobic activities to improve overall fitness.
What does the word "aerobic" mean?Aerobic respiration is a process that is only active or alive when oxygen is present. of, pertaining to, or produced by aerobic fermentation caused by aerobes.
What are the advantages of aerobic exercise?Aerobic exercise reduces the risk of various diseases. Obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, stroke, and specific forms of cancer are among these conditions. Aerobic activities that involve weight-bearing, like walking, help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis.
How long do aerobic exercises need to be?Exercises that are aerobic or "with oxygen" improve cardiovascular fitness. The American Heart Association recommends doing cardiovascular exercise five to seven days a week for at least 30 minutes. After your aerobic exercise, don't forget to stretch and warm up.
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In the stomach, food processing continues and secreations from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of?
In the stomach, food processing continues and secretions from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of Proteins
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs
Pepsin would be a stomach enzyme used to break down proteins in food that has been consumed. Pepsin is produced by the main cells of the stomach as pepsinogen, an inactive zymogen. The stomach's lining's parietal cells also secrete hydrochloric acid, which reduces the pH of the stomach. Pepsin is activated at a pH between 1.5 and 2.
Once a protein source enters the human stomach, it is broken down into smaller molecules called amino acids by the stomach's hydrochloric acid as well as proteases enzymes.
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