Modern earth has more protective atmosphere.
The growth of Earth's atmosphere over geologic time, or atmospheric evolution. Although the method by which the present atmosphere evolved from past conditions is complex, there is a wealth of indirect evidence for this evolution. The atmospheric composition has changed in the past as a result of chemical reactions with the Earth's crust and, in particular, with biological processes related to life, according to ancient sediments and rocks.The initial atmosphere of Earth was deficient in free oxygen but abundant in methane, ammonia, water vapor, and the noble gas neon. The first biological generation of oxygen by unicellular organisms and its eventual accumulation in the atmosphere most likely occurred hundreds of millions of years apart.Therefore, option D. is correct.
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In pollen development in flowering plants, a haploid microspore produced via meiosis.
Answer:
Undergoes mitosis to produce a 2 celled pollen grain
Explanation:
In cell biology, the process of mitosis, through which replicated chromosomes get divided into 2 new nuclei, is indeed a stage of the cell cycle. A mechanism of cell division creates genetically similar cells with a constant number of chromosomes is known as mitosis. Thus, the equational division is another name for mitosis. Generally, the S phase during interphase, which happens when DNA replication takes place, comes before mitosis. Telophase and also cytokinesis, which splits a cell's cytoplasm, and organelles, including cell membrane to form 2 new cells with nearly equal amounts of these biological components, frequently follow. The dividing of the mother cell producing 2 genetically similar daughter cells, or the mitotic (M) stage of the animal cell cycle, is defined by the several stages of mitosis taken collectively.
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Which instructions would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue?
The instructions that would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue is not holding infant.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition of over-activation of thyroid gland. It results in a over production thyroxine hormone.
Overproduction of the hormone can cause acceleration of the body metabolism leading to rapid weight loss. It can also cause other condition like irregular heart beat.
Radioactive iodine is treatment that is suggested for dealing with hyperthyroidism. It kills the targeted thyroid cells and do no harm to other body parts.
But it has other effects like neck tenderness, nausea, swollen salivary gland, etc.
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Political strife, war, and suffering in a country tend to ___________ the rate of psychological disorders in the country.
The correct answer for this question is Increase.
Strikers reported worse levels of mental health and higher levels of irritability, anxiety, and sadness compared to non-strikers. Higher levels of union activity during the strike were linked to increased psychological well-being among strikers.
One of the most significant effects of war is how it affects the mental health of civilians. According to general population studies, the incidence and prevalence of mental diseases have clearly increased. Men suffer less than women. Other vulnerable populations include the elderly, the disabled, and children. Prevalence rates are related to the severity of the trauma and the availability of both physical and emotional assistance. Cultural and religious coping mechanisms are frequently used in developing countries.
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most prokaryotic cells reside most prokaryotic cells reside in and on nonprokaryotic organisms (including humans and other animals). on earth's surface. in the oceanic and terrestrial subsurfaces. in lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Most prokaryotic cell reside in the oceanic and terrestrial sub surfaces. These prokaryotic organisms are single celled organism that does not have a nucleus like bacteria.
These organisms fed on the carbon compounds that is accumulating in earths early oceans. These organisms does not contains genetic material in nucleus. The DNA exists in the region of cell that is called as nucleoid.
These organisms have a rapid reproductive rate and also have a ability to survive harsh conditions.
Nucleoid is an irregular shaped region that is present in the prokaryotic cell and these contain genetic material.
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The region of the bacterial cell where the chromosome(s) is/are located, and where the chromosomes are in direct contact with the cytoplasm is called the?
The cytoplasm and the nucleoid are in proximity. Bacteria may contain many chromosomes, each contained within a distinct nucleoid region. It is a diploid nucleoid. The cytoplasm and the nucleoid are in proximity.
What is a nucleoid region?The cytoplasmic region known as the nucleoid is chromatin-dense and houses the bacterial DNA, related proteins, and RNA that regulate the activity and reproduction of the bacterium.
The prokaryotic cell's nucleoid, which is described as having a nucleus-like form, houses all or most of the genetic material. A prokaryote's circular chromosome must be compressed to fit, since its length is far greater than the size of the cell.
Therefore, nucleoid region of the bacterial cell where the chromosome(s) is/are located.
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The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
(D) in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously is the reason why the molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences.
The frequency of a molecular clock represents the quantity of alterations or mutations that have occurred in a lineage of organisms' DNA or protein sequences. It can be used to estimate the historical moment at when two lineages separated from one another.
However, modifications may occur more than once for a particular site in highly divergent lineages (i.e., those lineages that were divided extremely far back in evolutionary time). As a result, and in part because of the saturation of DNA sequences, it won't be useful for estimating divergence periods among species.
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Question correction:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because
A. DNA sequences are unable to revert back to previous allelic states.
B. the variation in the substitution rate between closely related lineages prevents accurate estimation of divergence time.
C. variation in population sizes among lineages changes the effect of genetic drift.
D. in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
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An electrode, which stimulates the brain in order to give pleasure is most likely placed in the?
An electrode, which stimulates the brain in order to give pleasure is most likely to be placed in the Medial forebrain bundle (MFB).
(MFB) electrically or chemically stimulates critical elements of the reward pathway, which are likewise triggered by natural rewards. Electrically stimulating particular areas of the hypothalamus causes responses like eating, drinking, or copulation that are associated with rewards.
Brain stimulation reward (BSR) is a pleasant phenomenon induced by the direct activation of particular brain areas. Targeted stimulation sets up response patterns that are similar to those set up by natural incentives like food and sex by activating the reward system circuitry.
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The enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that synthesizes atp is known as ________.
Answer:
ATP Synthase
Explanation:
Which type(s) of bond(s) is (are) found between atoms within hydrocarbon molecules?
Answer:
hydrogen bondingcovalent boundingVander waals boundingmetallic boundingionic boyionic boundingIn response to the presence of endotoxin, macrophages will secrete il-1 (interleukin-1). this causes?
In response to the presence of endotoxin, macrophages will secrete IL-1 (interleukin-1). this causes inflammatory responses.
Interleukin-1 is a regulator of inflammatory responses. it produced effects of innate immunity. In process of activating the immune system and protecting the organism from foreign invaders, the inflammatory responses are generated like fever, pain, swelling, etc.
Inflammatory responses are the reactions generated by the body when the immune system tries to protect the body. The various inflammatory responses are: pain, swelling, generation of heat on the affected area, or redness. This happens due to the accumulation pf various immune cells at the target site.
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What statistical property make odds ratios the ideal measurement for case control studies?
Odd ratio's insensitivity to variance makes it ideal for case control study measurements.
What are odds ratios?
An indicator of how closely an incident is linked to exposure is the odds ratio (OR). The odds ratio compares two sets of probabilities: the likelihood that an event will occur in a group that has been exposed vs the likelihood that it will not. Odds ratios are frequently employed in case-control study reporting. The odds ratio aids in determining how likely it is for an exposure to cause a particular occurrence. The likelihood that the event will occur with exposure increases with the size of the odds ratio. Probability ratios below one indicates a lower probability of the event occurring given the exposure.
Odd ratio's insensitivity to variance makes it ideal for case control study measurements. It means that it doesn't get affected if variance is increased or decreased.
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