Higher-order folding involves association of the DNA with a nuclear scaffold, which contains large amounts of Histone H1 and Topoisomerase II.
What is Histone?Histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that provides structural support for a chromosome. They are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds, which gives the chromosome a more compact shape, to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped as 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. There are five types of histones namely H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and H1 linker histone. Within a nucleosome, they exist as two dimers of (H2A-H2B) and a complex of (H32-H42) eventually forming an octamer.
What is Topoisomerases?Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes which play essential roles in DNA replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination.
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Experiments involving the cloning of toxin molecules with ld50 < 100 ng/kg fall under which category of experiments?
Experiments involving the cloning of toxin molecules with LD50 < 100 ng/kg fall under the category of experiments that require NIH OSP and IBC approval before initiation.
In LD50, the LD stands for Lethal Dose. It determines the amount of chemical/toxin required to kill the 50 % organisms of the total population. This is used to measure the acute toxicity of any material. The unit for measure of DD50 is milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight.
NIH is the National Institute of Health. It is inclined towards the research upon medical and behavioral aspects. The aim of conducting such researches is to reduce the diseases and increase wellness in the society.
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Plant A is receiving sunlight , soil, and regular water, plant B is also receiving sunlight, soil, and regular water. Yet Plant B is ALSO getting fertilizer. Write a hypothesis of what will happen to the plants as they grow over the next few weeks. Hypothesis
A hypothesis expresses clearly the relationship between two variables and what is expected to occur. If plants receive fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants that do not receive fertilizer.
What is a hypothesis?
When following the scientific methodology, researchers must formulate a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a possibility, not a fact. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis must,
be clear and comprehensive.express the direct relationship between the involved variables.be objective.be testeable and falsifiableThere are different kinds of hypotheses: descriptive, correlative, differentiative, or causative.
In the exposed example we have
plants A and B exposed to the same environmental conditions ⇒ sunlight , soil, and water.plant B receiving fertilizerThe variables are,
Controlled variables: sunlight , soil, and regular waterIndependent variable: fertilizer presence/absenceDependent variable: plant growthThe hypothesis must explain the relationship of the dependent and independent variables as a cause and effect event. So,
If plants receive fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants that do not receive fertilizer.
There are several ways in which you can propose a hypothesis like this one. You just need to make sure both variables are mentioned and what the effect of the independent on the dependent variable is.
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The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 which we will round to 19. The atomic number of fluorine is 9. How many neutrons does fluorine have?
A client with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to exhibit?
A client with pathophysiology condtions that affects the Desmosomes is most likely to exhibit seperation at the junctions between epithelial cells.
Where are Desmosomes function?Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that confer strong cell to cell adhesion.They are found in epithelia and cardiac muscle and are located at the cell membrane,where they act as anchors for intermediate filaments.
Desmosomes represents major intercellular adhesive junctions at basolateral membranes of epithelial cells and in other tissues.
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(q004) which subfield of biological anthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past?
Paleoanthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past.
What is Paleoanthropology?
Paleoanthropology, also known as paleo-anthropology, aims to comprehend the earliest stages of anatomically modern humans, also known as hominization, by reconstructing evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae using biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, and footprints) (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).A single field combines the study of primatology, palaeontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology.As science and methodology advance, genetics is becoming increasingly significant, particularly when it comes to analysing and contrasting DNA structure as a vital tool for determining the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.To learn more about palaeontology, refer to the following link:
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how do embryological study helps in the evolution
Answer:
Embryology is important to understanding a species' evolution, since some homologous structures can be seen only in embryo development
The production of heat shock proteins within a trained skeletal muscle increases as a result of _____.
The production of heat shock proteins within a trained skeletal muscle increases as a result of exercise training.
What are heat shock proteins?Heat shock proteins such as chaperones are specific protein observed in excessive temperature condition which functions to fold proteins after the process of denaturation.
In conclusion, the production of heat shock proteins within a trained skeletal muscle increases as a result of exercise training.
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What occurence results from obstruction within the ventricals of the brain or inadequate reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid?
Thinning and stretching of the cerebral mantle.
When developmental or acquired defects impede or destroy the CSF channels, CSF builds up under pressure within the ventricular system. The cerebral mantle thins and stretches as a result of the ventricles starting to enlarge. The name for this condition is hydrocephalus.What is hydrocephalus?A hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain's deep ventricles (cavities). The ventricles enlarge as a result of the extra fluid, placing pressure on the tissues of the brain. The fluid that covers and cushions the brain and spine is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and it is transparent and colorless.To learn more about Hydrocephalus visit:
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Which nitrogenous waste removed by the kidney is produced by the breakdown of nucleic acids?
Answer:
Nitrogenous waste removed by the kidney is produced by the breakdown of nucleic acids is uric acid.
Explanation:
Purine nucleotides are broken down metabolically into uric acid, which is a typical part of urine. Increased levels of uric acid into the blood may cause arthritis and are linked to other illnesses including those of diabetes and the development of kidney stones made of ammonium acid urate. Nitrogenous wastes like Urea as well as uric acid are indeed the primary nitrogenous waste products. Whereas uric acid is produced by the breakdown of nucleotides, urea is produced by the breakdown of amino acids. The metabolism of amino acids produces urea, which is the body's primary nitrogen-containing- containing waste product. Purine metabolism generates uric acid as a byproduct. Because of the absence of uricase, a crucial enzyme that transforms uric acid into water-soluble compound active ingredients, high levels of blood uric acid have the potential to remain in humans as well as relatively high primates.
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The emt should recognize normal cellular metabolism as:____.
a. glycolytic.
b. aerobic.
c. anaerobic.
d. ambient.
The EMT should recognize normal cellular metabolism as Aerobic.
What is aerobic?
Aerobic cellular metabolism refers to the process by which living organisms convert nutrients into energy for the body to use via the oxidization of nutrients.
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Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
a. golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. chloroplast
e. plasmodesma
Answer: B. Lysosome
Organelles known as lysosomes are membrane-bounded compartments containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, which are the primary sites of intracellular digestion.
The organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion is lysosome. The correct option is b.
A Lysosome is a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and Lysosome is the membrane-bound cell organelle. Lysosomes are engaged in a variety of cellular functions. They degrade extraneous or worn-out cell components. They could be utilized to eliminate invading viruses and bacteria.
If a cell is injured beyond repair, lysosomes can assist it self-destruct in a process known as programmed cell death, or Apoptosis.
so, the correct option is b. lysosome.
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The outer covering of gram-negative bacteria contains ______, a complex of carbohydrate and lipid responsible for symptoms such as fever and shock.
Lipopolysaccharide, a compound of carbohydrate and lipid responsible for symptoms including fever and shock, is found in the outer layer of gram-negative bacteria.
What traits do Gram-negative bacteria have?
The following traits apply to gram-negative bacteria:
Without an outer covering, the cell wall is very thin.Lipids make up a large portion of the sample.All different kinds of amino acids are present.There is less muramic acid in the mixture.Streptomycin causes sensitivity in it.Teichoic acid and magnesium ribonucleate are not present.What kind of bacteria fall under the gram-negative category?As well as many other uncommon bacteria, gram-negative infections can be brought on by Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli.Gram-negative bacteria that are frequently isolated include Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Providencia, Escherichia, Morganella, Aeromonas, and Citrobacter.learn more about gram-negative bacteria here
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You reach out and touch a piece of cloth, feeling its texture. the cells that gather this sensory information are part of the __________ nervous system.
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
the cells that gather this sensory information are part of the "peripheral" nervous system
A client in cardiovascular collapse requires pharmacological interventions. what route of administration is most likely appropriate?
Intravenous
When a client in cardiovascular collapse requires pharmacological interventions intravenous administration is most likely appropriate.
What is meant by intravenous administration?Some drugs need to be administered intravenously (IV), either as an injection or an infusion. This indicates that a needle or tube is used to deliver them directly to your vein. A small plastic tube called an IV catheter is placed into your vein during IV administration; in fact, the word "intravenous" literally means "into the vein."What is cardiovascular collapse?Cardiovascular collapse is a term used to describe the loss of cerebral blood flow necessary to sustain consciousness as a result of acute cardiac and/or peripheral vascular malfunction. The possibility of vasodepressor syncope (including neurocardiogenic syncope, postural hypotension with syncope, and vasovagal syncope)Where are injections given intravenously?A needle is often inserted during normal IV administration into a vein in the wrist, elbow, or back of the hand. After that, the catheter is put over the needle. The catheter stays in your vein after the needle is taken out. In a hospital or clinic, all IV catheters are routinely administered. This enables the medication or fluid to immediately reach your bloodstream.To learn more about intravenous administration visit:
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Nondisjunction of the ______ chromosome during meiosis can produce offspring that are xxx or xxy.
Nondisjunction of the X chromosome during meiosis can create offspring that are XXX or XXY.
Nondisjunction is an abnormal condition which is characterized by the inability of pair of homologous chromosomes or the sister chromatids to segregate during the process of meiosis. It results in the formation of gametes with an abnormal chromosome number.
Offspring with the karyotype of XXX exhibit an uncommon condition which is observed in females. However, the offspring having the karyotype XXY is rarely observed in males and is associated with the Klinefelter syndrome.
The XXX type offspring are normally healthy but somewhat taller than the average females. The XXY type offspring possess poorly developed male sex organs and also exhibit features such as tall height, enlarged breast tissue, etc.
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What happens if an enzyme is not functioning in a chemical reaction within a living organism that needs it?
If an enzyme is not functioning in a chemical reaction within a living organism that needs it the response continues, but very slowly.
Enzyme- Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things.
Chemical Reaction- when two or more compounds mix to create a new substance, a chemical change takes place.
Metabolism- The chemical processes by which food is converted to energy in the body's cells are known as metabolism. In order for our bodies to move, think, and grow, they require this energy. The body's specific proteins regulate the chemical processes involved in metabolism.
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Translate the term rhinitis as literally as possible? nasal inflammation sinus inflammation nasal pain sinus swelling
nasal inflammation, rhinitis is defined as an inflammation of the nasal passages.
What causes inflammation in the nose?Inflammation of the nose caused by irritating particles is known as a nasal allergy (dust, pollen, and dander). Sneezing, itchy eyes and nose, congestion, runny nose, and post nasal drip are all signs of a nasal allergy (mucus in the throat). Common cold symptoms might coexist with sinusitis and allergy symptoms.Can you treat nasal inflammation?In summary, chronic sinusitis is treatable, although it probably necessitates some kind of continuous medical plan or therapy. A diagnostic evaluation must be completed before a doctor can determine whether a patient has chronic sinusitis.Decongestants. These medications assist in easing nasal congestion, nasal edoema, and sinus pressure.
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The statement, "Sounds that last from 1 to 3 seconds will be considered a single chirp," is an example of _______
1- a manipulated variable
2- an operational definition
3- a responding variable
4- a controlled experiment
Which is an example of data?
1- laws
2- theories
3- variables
4- measurements
Which part of your brain is essential for receiving information that you are moving your legs?
Motor coretex is essential for receiving information that you are moving your legs.
What is motor cortex?The motor cortex's main job is to provide signals that control how the body moves. It is anterior to the central sulcus and a portion of the frontal lobe. The primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area make up this region. The motor cortex generates signals that are particular to movements and sends them to the muscles via spinal cord circuits and motoneurons to regulate motor behavior. For the execution of movements to be precise, coordinated muscle activation patterns are required.Learn more about the structure of brain with the help of the given link:
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Symmetry is ____structural support is______ energy acquisition is _____ phyla is:____
Symmetry is bilateral. structural support is endoskeleton. energy acquisition is heterotrophic. phyla is mollusca.
What type of symmetry is bilateral?The sagittal plane, which divides an organism into two roughly mirror-image left and right halves - approximate reflectional symmetry - is present in all bilaterally symmetric organisms.
What is the structure of endoskeleton?Essentially, there are two types of tissues that make up the vertebrate endoskeleton (bone and cartilage). The notochord and cartilage make up the endoskeleton during the early stages of embryonic development. In most vertebrates, the vertebral column replaces the notochord, and bone typically takes the place of cartilage in adulthood.
What type of phylum is Mollusca?With more than 100,000 species, the phylum Mollusca is the second biggest in the animal kingdom. The mollusca contain numerous well-known creatures, such as clams, snails, slugs, and squid, as well as some uncommon creatures, such as tusk shells and chitons.
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Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the gram stain for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.
A gram stain is a rapid laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria that cause an infection.
By doing a gram stain test we can identify whether the bacteria have a positive or negative charge, so that if the result of the gram stain is red, the bacteria are gram-negative.
What is a bacteria?It is a microorganism formed by a single cell, of small size. Its cellular structure is prokaryotic and it is characterized by not having a nucleus.
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The polymerase chain reaction (pcr) requires template dna, primers, dna polymerase, and __________.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
In the field of biotechnology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method to make several copies of DNA within no time in labs.
At the beginning of the process, the DNA strands are separated from the original double-stranded DNA molecule by applying heat so that each stand serves as a template.
The Taq DNA polymerase then adds primers to the template strand and uses nucleotides to make the complementary strand. Taq polymerase is specifically used because it can withstand high temperatures. The process in which primers are attached to the DNA strands is referred to as annealing and the process where nucleotides are further added is referred to as an extension.
Hence, the basic requirements of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
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ecology - day 2 aquatic systems
The correct answer is the ocean.
Processes must be in place to aid the environment in returning to its initial condition following a disturbance in order for it to be called stable. An ecosystem with a variety of food chains and biotic interactions is likely to exist in areas with a high level of biodiversity and genetic variation.
Mountains are formed and destroyed by a variety of manmade and natural factors.
Deserts may also be destroyed by natural disasters, hence they are not regarded as stable ecosystems.
Forests cannot be considered to have a stable environment since they may be destroyed by fire or the process of deforestation.
Since it doesn't change throughout time, the ocean is a stable environment. Oceans have not changed over the course of the planet's vast existence. Small changes in the oceans are difficult to observe because of their enormous magnitude.
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Transcription occurs in/at the __________ and produces __________ from a(n) __________ template.
Transcription occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus of eukaryotes and produces Complementary strands from an template Strand.
What do you mean by Transcription?Transcription is the process of copying segment of DNA into RNA. The segment of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can incode protein are said to produce messenger RNA. Other segment of DNA are copied into RNA molecules called non coding RNA 's .
Transcription takes place in nucleus of Eukaryotes,it uses DNA as a template makes an RNA molecules.
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Ketone bodies are produced due to ________.
a. excessive fat breakdown
b. excessive protein breakdown
c. excessive carbohydrate breakdown
d. all of the choices are correct.
Ketone bodies are produced due to excessive fat breakdown.
The liver produces ketones, also known as ketones, as part of gluconeogenesis, a process that produces glucose during fasting and starvation. The liver creates three different ketone bodies. They are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. When blood glucose levels are low, as they are when fasting, the liver cells' mitochondria, which are where ketone bodies are mostly formed, can start to synthesize ketone bodies. They are produced in the liver as a result of lipid metabolism.
When the body's needs for fuel are not met by the availability of sugar or glucose, ketones are produced. This happens while dieting or fasting and overnight. While glucagon and epinephrine levels are largely normal at these times, insulin levels are low.
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Click and drag each label to the appropriate category regarding the cells of connective tissue.
The cells and connective tissues are arranged as follows;
Fibroblast-
1). Produces the ground substance of areolar connective tissue
2). Found in dense regular connective tissue
Osteoblast
1). Found in femur
2). Secretes hydroxyapatite
Leukocyte (WBC)
1). Reacts to bacteria.
2). Component of fluid connective tissue (i.e. blood)
Chondroblast
1). Secretes the matrix of hyaline cartilage
2). Associated with the tissue that lines movable joints.
What is Fibroblast?Fibroblasts are non-terminally differentiated mesenchymal cells produced from embryonic mesoderm tissue.
They can be activated by a number of chemical cues that enhance proliferation and cellular differentiation, resulting in the formation of myofibroblasts with an increased rate of matrix creation.
What is Chondroblast?Chondroblasts (also known as perichondria cells) are cells that play a crucial part in cartilage production (AKA chondrogenesis).
They are found in the perichondrium, a connective tissue layer that surrounds growing bone and protects cartilage.
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Glomerular filtration is driven by:___.
a. bulk flow due to capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. active transport
c. diffusion
d. cotransport
Answer:
Glomerular filtration is driven by bulk flow due to capillary hydrostatic pressure
Explanation:
Production of urine starts with glomerular filtration. It refers to the procedure that kidneys utilize to filter extra fluid and trash from the blood further into collecting tubules, allowing the body to remove them. Blood enters the glomerulus, a collection of small blood veins, as it reaches each nephron. Atoms and smaller molecules, debris, and excess fluid water—can pass through the glomerulus' sidewalls and enter the tubule. Protein as well as blood cells, which are bigger molecules, remain in the small blood vessels. While it may come as a surprise to everyone, it is totally common for the blood pressure to change during the course of the day; fortunately, this has no impact on the filtration rate of glomerular. This really is due to the fact that human body can precisely manage it all under normal conditions. So, the correct option is A.
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Glycolysis and the krebs cycle do not capture all of the potential energy in a glucose molecule because:________
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
A total of 2 ATP is produced during the glycolysis process, which converts glucose into pyruvate and energy (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). Phophorylation is made possible by the hydroxyl groups. Glucose 6-phosphate is the specific kind of glucose that is employed in glycolysis.
The Krebs cycle is correlated with glycolysis, which is the mechanism by which a six-carbon glucose molecule is divided into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The cycle processes happen twice for every respired glucose molecule because two pyruvic acid molecules are created. Krebs Cycle: This aerobic activity happens inside the cell's mitochondria.
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When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the?
When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the pancreas.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the body to regulate blood sugar levels. When the glucose level rises in the blood, the insulin secreted causes glucose to be transported to the cells from the blood. In the cells, the extra glucose is used accordingly and the cells of the liver and muscles can store it as glucagon.
Hence, when the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the pancreas makes insulin to balance the blood sugar levels.
Other options, such as the stomach, is not correct as the stomach is involved in the digestion of food and does not lower blood sugar levels.
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Which statement describes the culture of the Anasazi and Aztec best?
A. The Anasazi and Aztec civilizations lived in Mexico.
B. The Anasazi and Aztec created pottery for trading.
C. The Anasazi and Aztec were known for farming.
D. The Anasazi and Aztec were known for building stone temples.
The statement which describes the culture of the Anasazi and Aztec best is that they were known for farming and is denoted as option C.
What is Agriculture?This is defined as a practice which is characterized by the growing of crops and rearing of animals for personal and commercial purposes and is dependent on resources such as availability of water, sunlight etc.
The people of Anasazi and Aztec are known to be predominantly into agriculture and employed the use of irrigation systems so as to ensure that their crops are well watered for optimal growth and yield.
This is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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