HELP, as much as i try to understand i cant

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Let us write a short evaluation on OZONE HOLE.

A large portion of the Sun's bright radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer, a shield region of the stratosphere. It has a large concentration of ozone.

It contains oxygen atoms that shield the surroundings from harmful radiation, such as brilliant beams, that are emitted by the sun and are available in space.

The ozone opening is less of a gap in the windshield and more of a dip. There is neither a uniform thinning of the ozone layer nor does the ozone disappear through it. The French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson also discovered it in 1913.

A size of 7.6 million square miles (19.7 square kilometres) was reached by the ozone opening in 2017 before it started to close. The distance increased to 8 million square miles in 2016.

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Answer: Alkene

Explanation:

this hydrocarbon has a double bond so it is an alkene.  it only needs to have 1 double bond in the formula.

if there were only C-C bonds in the molecule it would be an alkane. If there was a triple bond between 2 carbons it would be an alkyne.

The cellular component responsible for energy production and metabolic processes is mitochondria.

What is Mitochondria?

A double-membrane-bound organelle known as a mitochondrion is found in the majority of eukaryotic organisms. The majority of the cell's adenosine triphosphate, which is then used as a source of chemical energy throughout the cell, is produced by mitochondria using aerobic respiration.

Oxidative phosphorylation, which produces ATP using the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat, is the traditional function of mitochondria. For the majority of biochemical and physiological processes, including growth, mobility, and equilibrium, ATP is used as the main energy source in turn.

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On a construction site, a crane lifts 1000kg of concrete mix to the rooftop at a height of 20 meters in 50 seconds, then the power of the elevator would be 3.924 kilowatts.

The total amount of energy transferred when a force is applied to move an object through some distance.

The work done is the multiplication of applied force with displacement.

The work done by the elevator = mgh

                                                    =1000*9.81*20

                                                    =196200 Joules

The power used by the elevator = work done / time

                                                      =196200 /50

                                                       =3924 watts

Thus, the power used by the elevator would be  3.924 kilowatts.

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The power of elevator is 4,000 w

The time rate of doing work or delivering energy, expressible as the amount of work done W, or energy transferred, divided by the time interval t—or W/t is called power.

Given:

Here, the mass of a concrete lift that can carry by a crane to rooftop =1000 kg,

height =20 m,

time taken by crane to lift concrete mix =50 s

assume, acceleration due to gravity i.e. g =10 m/s²

The formula of power is given by:

power = [tex]\frac{mass*acceleration due to gravity*height}{time taken}[/tex]

power of elevator =[tex]\frac{mgh}{t}[/tex]  

= [tex]\frac{1000*20*10}{50}[/tex]  = 4000 w

Thus, the power of elevator is 4000 w

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Answer: C

Explanation:

A. color.

B. boiling point.

C. flammability.

D. taste.

E. density. is this the whole question

The 0.125 of original atoms are remaining after 3 half cycles

Half life of a radioactive element is the time in which its radioactive atoms reduce to half of its original value.

It is given that we have three half lives after which number of  carbon atoms is to be found

After one half cycle, the number of carbon-14 atoms remaining will be 1/2 or 0.5

After the second half cycle , the number carbon 14 atoms remaining will be 1/2 of 1/2 which is equal to 1/4 or 0.25

After the third half cycle number of carbon-14 atoms remaining will be

1/2 of 1/4 which is 1/8 or 0.125

This can be easily found out using the formula of number of half cycles as [tex](1/2)^{n}[/tex]

where n is the number of half cycles after which number is to be found

Hence 0.125 of original atoms are remaining after 3 half cycles

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Between formic acid, HCO2H, and dichloroacetic acid, Cl2CHCO2H, dichloroacetic acid, Cl2CHCO2H is the stronger acid based on their pka.

Acids and bases can be classified into two: weak and strong.

A strong acid or a strong base completely dissociates in a solution while  weak acid or a weak base dissociates only partially.

Based on its dissociation constant, Ka, the larger the value of the Ka of an acid, the stronger it is.

On the other hand, the smaller the value of the logarithmic constant, pKa = - log Ka, the stronger the acid is.

Between formic acid, HCO2H, and dichloroacetic acid, Cl2CHCO2H, which has a pKa of 3.8 and 1.3, respectively, dichloroacetic acid, Cl2CHCO2H has smaller value of pKa.

Hence, dichloroacetic acid, Cl2CHCO2H is the stronger acid.

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The reactant that will be the best reactant for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution is NO₂- NO₂. The correct option is b.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a substitution process of nucleophile substance is substituted by halides in an aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds contain this type of substitution.

In option b, the compound is the one nitroxide group substituted by halogen, that is fluorine. The fluorine group is substituted in these given aromatic compounds.

Thus, the correct option is b, NO₂- NO₂.

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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:

NO₂F

NO₂- NO₂-F

CH₃-O

CH₃-O-F

The element in question is Sodium

An atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 th of the mass of carbon-12 atom.

The mass of an atom is mainly due to its protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Weight of a proton is 1.6 x 10^-27 kg

Weight of a neutron is 1.6 x 10^-27kg

However weight of an electron is 9 x 10^-31kg and hence is negligible in calculation of amu

It is given that weight is 23 AMU and number of protons is 11

The protons in a nucleus also act as atomic number of the periodic table

Proton number 11 is the atomic number of Sodium

Hence the element is Sodium

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Aspartate has three ionizable groups with pka values of 1.88, 9.60, and 3.65. The average net charge of aspartate at ph 3.65 is  - 0.5.

Aspartate, like glutamic acid and glutamate, is the anion of aspartic acid. Aspartic acid is a -amino acid with a net negative charge. It is the most well-known form of amino acid that occurs in physiological conditions of the body.

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The great scientist Thomson concluded that electron have less mass then atom.

Thomson atomic model was proposed by William Thomson. It was strongly supported by Sir Joseph Thomson who had discovered the electron earlier.

According to Thomson atomic model an atom is made up of positively charged sphere into which negatively electron are implanted. The magnitude of the negative and positive charges are same thus the atom is electrically neutral as whole.

Thomson atomic model can also be called as the plum pudding model.

Thus, the great scientist Thomson concluded that electron have less mass then atom.

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The reaction of 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene in the presence of nbs (w/trace hbr) 3 products are formed.

1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene in the presence of nbs (w/trace hbr) 3 products are formed 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene molecular formula is C9H16 in this structure 3 methyl group are present 2methyl are present in 1 carbon of benzene ring means 1 para position and 1 methyl group is present on meta position so in 1st step nbs means n bromosuccinimide attack on methyl group and br are are join means on para group 2 methyl are attach in that 2 methyl 1 methyl is attach to the br group now in 2nd step br are attach on allylic carbon in 3rd step br are attach on next para position so here 3 products are formed.

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It expected to assume tetrahedral in shape.

Tetrahedral molecules are those in which the central atom has four bonds and no lone pairs. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, and there are 109.5° angles between them.

A common example of a tetrahedral structure is methane, which contains four hydrogen atoms around the carbon atom. The nitrogen atom at the centre of the ammonium ion is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.

The carbon atoms are organised tetrahedrally in a diamond. With a C-C-C bond angle of 109.5 degrees, each carbon atom is joined to four more carbon atoms at a distance of 1.544 x 10⁻¹⁰metres. It produces an endless network of atoms and has a robust, hard three-dimensional structure.

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The molecule of the sort ML₄ consists of four single bonds and no lone pairs.The structure is it expected to assume is  tetrahedral

What is meant by tetrahedral structure?

Tetrahedral may be a molecular shape that occurs when there are four bonds and no lone pairs in the molecule's central atom. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, with 109.5° angles between them.

What is a Molecule?

A molecule may be a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together; the number of atomic nuclei making up a molecule is a determinate number. for instance , HCl(g) may be a molecule made of one hydrogen atom bonded to one chlorine atom.

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In secondary structure of a protein, other than peptide bonds, hydrogen bond are formed.

The secondary structure contains regions of amino acid chains that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds from the polypeptide backbone. arrangement of hydrogen bonds between the peptide it is an arrangement nitrogen's and the peptide carbonyl oxygens of different amino acid residues. the most common types of secondary structures are the α helix and the β pleated sheet. both structures are held in shape by hydrogen bonds, which form between the carbonyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another.

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Answer:

Inert  (or noble) gases are stable and mostly non-reactive. They have a full outer shell of valence electrons which gives them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions.

Explanation:

The amount of heat transferred to a system can be measured in joules and calories

They both function as energy units.

But they stand for various amounts. (As meters and inches are both length units.)

Historically, the specific heat of water was employed to define a calorie.

It is currently accurately specified in joules: 4.184 joules make up 1 calorie.

It is perplexing that 1 calorie equals 1000 calories, or 4,184 joules.

Finally, there are at least seven widely used versions of the calorie, each of which can vary somewhat from 4.184 joules to slightly more or less depending on their prior definition. Wikipedia has much more as usual.

Surprisingly, there are at least two joule variations (modern and international).

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The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion.  

The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion.  We know that for a metal, the ionic radii  decreases as the  magnitude of charge on the ion increases  while in the case of the negative ion, the ionic radii increases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases.

Let us now look at the ions as shown;

a)  I^->I> I^+ - This is because the negative ion leads to an expansion of the electron cloud which decreases in the atom and the positive ion.

b) Ca²+ > Mg2+ > Be²+ - Ionic radius increases down the group as more shells are added.

c)  Fe>Fe²+ > Fe³+ - This is because, for a metal, the ionic radii  decreases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases

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The increase in the atomic number increases the frequency and spectral lines in the spectrum. The addition of the number of electrons and energy increases the lines of the emission spectrum.

Spectrum has been defined as the light colors emitted by the atom of varying frequencies and wavelengths. The electron has been known to travel from lower to higher energy levels. This leads to the emission of light.

According to the principal quantum number, the addition of the electrons increases the energy and in turn, increases the lines of spectrum emission.

Therefore, the atom number directly relates to the spectrum line.

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Volume = 5x3x10 = 150 cm cubed

Mass = 150x100 = 15000 grams

Density = 15000/150 = 100g/cm cubed

The volume of the cylinder will be 7.76 cubic cm. Then the diameter of the cylinder will be 0.88 cm.

Let r be the radius and h be the height of the cylinder. Then the volume of the cylinder will be

V = π r²h cubic units

A cylindrical glass tube 12.7cm in length is filled with Mercury. The mass of Mercury needed to fill the tube is 105.5 grams.

We know that the density of Mercury is 13.59 grams per cubic cm. Then the volume of the Mercury will be

13.59 = 105.5 / V

V = 7.76 cubic cm

Then the radius of the cylinder will be

V = π r²h

7.76 = 3.14 x 12.7 x r²

r = 0.44 cm

Then the diameter of the cylinder will be

d = 2r

d = 2 x 0.44

d = 0.88 cm

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If the reaction occurs with an 82. 4% yield mass of aluminum should be reacted with excess oxygen to produce 45. 0 grams of al2o3 is

4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s)

Molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

Molar mass of O2 = 31.99 g/mol

Molar mass of Al2O3 = 101.96 g/mol

From the above-balanced reaction:

4 x 26.98 = 107.92 g of Al produces 2 x 101.96 = 203.92 g of Al2O3

Hence, the amount of 203.92 g of Al2O3 is 100% yield.

But given condition is only for 82.4% yield, so the mass of Al2O3 associated with an 82.4% yield

= 82.4 x 203.92 / 100

= 168.03 g of Al2O3

Now, as 168.03 g of Al2O3 requires 107.92 g of Al

So, Al required to produce 45.0 g of Al2O3 = 45.0 x 107.92 / 168.03

= 28.9 g of Al

Mass is the amount of matter in the physical body. It is also a measure of body inertia, resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied. An object's mass also determines the strength of gravity on other objects. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram.

mass. A quantitative measure of inertia in physics, a fundamental property of all matter. In effect, it is the resistance that an object offers to changes in velocity or position when a force is applied. The greater the mass of an object, the smaller the change caused by an applied force. In mathematics, mass refers to the amount of matter in an object. Mass is commonly measured by the weight of an object. The more stuff you have, the heavier it will be. For example, mice have more matter than ants, so mice have more mass.

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If the reaction occurs with an 82. 4% yield, what mass of aluminum should be reacted with excess oxygen to produce 45. 0 grams of al2o3?

The term molecular mass can only be applied to a(n) covalent compound since compounds do not consist of molecules. the correct term that is applicable to all types of compounds is mass. covalent

The molecular components of a compound offer the smallest integer ratio of the atoms withinside the compound. Different compounds may have identical molecular components. The term "molecular weight" isn't suitable while speaking about ionic compounds that aren't made from personal molecules

An atom and its ion have identical atomic mass due to the fact the mass of the electron that turns an atom into an ion is negligible. The term "molecular weight" won't be suitable due to the fact the components of an ionic compound now no longer describe the composition of an unmarried molecule.

Something like desk salt (NaCl) is a compound due to the fact it's miles made from a couple of elements (sodium and chlorine), however, the bonds that keep NaCl collectively are ionic bonds, so in a molecule There is none. Sodium chloride may be stated to be an ionic compound if desired.

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Water pollution is defined as the mixing of water with unwanted substances and that makes water unsafe.

Water pollution includes runoff of excess fertilizers,

herbicides, and insecticides from agricultural lands

and residential areas; oil, grease, and toxic chemicals

from urban runoff and energy production; and

sediment from improperly managed construction sites,

crop and forest lands, and eroding stream banks.

Polluted waters have high BOD which affects aquatic biodiversity.

Hpotoxic substances such as lead, arsenic, and fluoride cause many problems to aquatic animals and humans. Water contaminated with Arsenic results in diseases such as arsenicosis. Fluoride had been reported to cause depression in DNA and RNA synthesis in cultured cells, significant reductions in DNA and RNA levels, and conditions including aging, cancer, and arteriosclerosis are associated with DNA damage and its disrepair. Lead causes problems related to the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are most at risk. Routine applications of fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture and uncontrolled runoff in water bodies. Adds nitrogen and phosphorus to water. It adds nitrogen and phosphorus to water causing eutrophication and algal blooms.

Therefore, all these activities make our water bodies a death zone for the marine ecosystem as well as humans.

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Answer:

average speed = 32

Explanation:

the formula is speed = distance / time

so s = d / t

s = 16 m / 0.5 s

s = 32 meter per second

Chemical bonds that join the amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are peptide bonds. Chemical bonds are formed when two or more atoms, molecules, or ions come together to form a compound. Atoms in the resultant molecule are held together by these chemical bonds.

Bonds can be classified as ionic, covalent, or metallic in general. When a valence electron transfers from one atom to another to finish the outer electron shell chains, an ionic bond is created. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions are the four categories of chemical bonds that are necessary for life.

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When a substance moves down its concentration gradient, and energy is used to move another substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction is antiport secondary active transport

The primary active transport establishes the Na+ or H+ gradient. So to move substances against their concentration gradient, secondary transport uses energy derived from the hydrolysis of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Secondary active transport is of two types - symport and antiport. When two or more substances move in the opposite direction using energy, it is termed an antiport. In this, one substance move inside, and another substance moves out of the cell. When two or more substance move in the same direction using energy is called symport. In this, either they are moving inside or out of the cell but move in the same direction.

Therefore, when a substance moves down its concentration gradient, and energy is used to move another substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction is antiport secondary active transport.

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At a ph of 7.25 , the ratio of protonated glu molecules to deprotonated glutamate molecules is 1.100.

To find the ration of protonated glu molecules to deprotonated glutamate molecules we can used Henderson - hasselbalch equation :

ph = pka  +  log[A- ] / [HA]                                                  

At a ph value below the pka for each funtional group of amino acid , the functional group is protonated and the ph value above pka for the functional grroup its deprotonated.

Carboxylic acid funtional group of glutamic acid (glu) has pka = 4.25. so, the negatively charged deprotonated carboxylate form greater values of ph.

Hence , At a ph of 7.25, the ratio of protonated glum molecules to deprotonated glumtamate molecules is 1.100.

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Answer: a. 8.76*10^3 meters

b. 4.35*10^8 meters

c. 1.55*10^(-3) meters

d. 9.01*10^(-3) meters

e. 1.78*10^5 meters

f. 6.30*10^2 meters

Explanation:

a. 8758.073 meters=

8000+758.073=

8*1000+758.073/1000 *1000=

8*10^3+0.758073*10^3=

(8+0.758073)*10^3=

8.758073*10^3=

8.758073*10^3=8.76*10^3 meters

b. 435,200,000=

400,000,000+35,200,000=

4*100,000,000+35,200,000/100,000,000 *100,000,000=

4*10^8+0.352*10^8=

4.352*10^8=

4.352*10^8=4.35*10^8 meters

c. 0.001552 meter=

1.552/1000 =

1.552 * 1/1000=1.55*10^(-3) meters

d. 0.009009 meters=

9.009/1000=

9.009*10^(-3)=9.01*10^(-3) meters

e. 177,888 meters=

100,000+77,888=

1*100,000+77,888/100,000 *100,000=

1*10^5+0.77888*10^5=

1.77888*10^5=1.78*10^5 meters

f. 629.55 meters=

6000+29.55=

6*100+29.55/100 *100=

6*10^2+0.2955*10^2=

6.2955*10^2=6.30*10^2 meters