During anaphase the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
In order words, anaphase is one of the stages of cell division in mitosis when chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
CellA cell can be defined as the simplest, structural and functional unit of life. In biology, there are two major groups of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have. These two groups are as follows:
Unicellular organisms: They are organisms consisting of only one cells. That is, they are single celled organism and are capable of carrying out all life processes. Examples of single celled organisms include bacteria, nostoc, anabaena, oscillatoria and so on
Multicellular organisms: These are living organisms which possess two or more cells. There are many celled organism. Examples include lizard, snake, fish, elephant, man e.t.c
So therefore, during anaphase the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
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Small inputs of this substance, commonly a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems, can result in algal blooms and dead zones.
Small inputs of this phosphorous commonly a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems, can result in algal blooms and dead zones
Phosphorus is the mineral that makes up the 1% of the person's total body weight. It is actually the second most abundant mineral in the body. It is also present in the every cell of the body. Most of the phosphorus in the body is also found in the bones and in the teeth. Phosphorus is the chemical element with the symbol of P and the atomic number 15. the Elemental phosphorus that exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and the red phosphorus, but this is because it is highly reactive, and phosphorus is never be found as the free element on the Earth.
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Describe and explain how the surface of the early Earth and its atmosphere have changed
to form the surface of the Earth and its atmosphere today.
Earth had essentially no atmosphere when it originated 4.6 billion years ago from a heated mixture of gases and minerals. The ground had melted on it.
An atmosphere developed when Earth cooled, primarily from gases released by volcanoes. It contained methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ten to 200 times as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere we are surrounded by today. The Earth's surface began to cool and solidify after roughly 500 million years, allowing water to accumulate there. Although life on Earth continued to develop and diversify, such periods of expansion and development were halted by mass extinctions, in which many of the planet's major life forms were either entirely or partially wiped out and many others were freshly established. Such catastrophic extinction episodes are attributed to asteroids impacts, climate change, volcanic eruptions, etc. Dinosaurs were also wiped out in one such event. The largest problem the Earth is currently experiencing is climate change brought on by human activity. Although human activities may exterminate some species from the world, the planet will undoubtedly recover and return to its natural balance as it has for millions of years. However, the sun will ultimately wipe out Earth, as predicted by scientists. The Sun will lose its structural integrity and enlarge in volume as it ages and eventually runs out of the fuel that keeps it going—hydrogen—which will cause it to burn everything in its path, including life on Earth. In the end, the Sun would perish, leaving the Solar System permanently in the dark.
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What protein plays an important role in determining cell shape by directing cell wall synthesis in non-cocci bacteria?
MreB protein plays an important role in determining cell shape by directing cell wall synthesis in non-cocci bacteria.
What is bacteria?The majority of bacteria are free-living, omnipresent organisms that frequently just have one biological cell. They make up a sizable group of prokaryotic microorganisms. Bacteria, which are among the earliest life forms to exist on Earth and are typically a few micrometers in length, are found in most of its environments. The deep biosphere of the Earth's crust, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and soil all support bacterial life. By recycling nutrients, such as fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, bacteria play an important role in many stages of the nutrition cycle.
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Unlike petals, sepals are typicallY:____.
A. outside the gynoecium.
B. green.
C. outside the androecium.
D. modified leaves.
Why does aquaporin (aqua1) transport h2o orders of magnitude faster across the erythrocyte plasma membrane than glut1 transports glucose?
Aquaporin (AQUA1) transport H₂O orders of magnitude faster across the erythrocyte plasma membrane than GLUT1 transports glucose because: AQUA1 does not undergo any conformational change while transporting water molecules whereas GLUT1 does and therefore has lesser Vmax.
Aquaporin is a transmembrane protein that transports water molecules across the membrane. These are the passive channel proteins, thus they do not have to undergo any conformational change while transporting the molecules.
GLUT1 is a glucose transporter that is a carrier protein performing facilitated transport. It can be abundantly found in RBCs and brain tissues. Since it is facilitated transport, the glucose is transported down its concentration gradient.
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During the neolithic period, a major development in agriculture was the ability to?
Answer:
Plant domestication: Cereals such as emmer wheat, einkorn wheat and barley were among the first crops domesticated by Neolithic farming communities in the Fertile Crescent. These early farmers also domesticated lentils, chickpeas, peas and flax.
The amount of nutrients per calorie in a given food represents how ________ the food is.
The amount of nutrients per calorie in a given food represents how nutrient-dense the food is.
Why is nutritional density significant? What does it mean?We often use the term "more nutrient dense" to describe foods that contain more significant nutrients per calorie. Key nutrients include some vitamins and minerals (such as calcium, iron, iodine, vitamin D, potassium, and folate), protein, unsaturated fats, and fiber that humans often consume in less amounts than is advised. The fundamental tenet of any healthy diet is to eat "nutrient-dense foods," and you may recognize this advice from official dietary recommendations. We lower our risk of consuming too many calories, saturated fat, cholesterol, sugar, salt (sodium), or alcohol when we center our meals on nutrient-dense foods, which also increases our likelihood of maintaining a healthy weight and lowering our risk of developing certain diseases.Learn more about the Nutrition with the help of the given link:
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The condition which is known to have been caused by brain damage that might be moderated or reversed is referred to as what type of vegetative state?
Persistent
The condition which is known to have been caused by brain damage that might be moderated or reversed is referred to as persistent type of vegetative state.
What is persistent vegetative state?A coma is a severe or profound condition of unconsciousness, often known as persistent vegetative state. Brain death does not occur in persistent vegetative state. A person who is unconscious yet still conscious is unable to move or react to their surroundings.What is considered to be a persistent vegetative state?According to our definition, a persistent vegetative state is one that develops one month after a traumatic or nontraumatic acute brain damage or that lasts for at least one month in patients with metabolic or degenerative diseases or congenital anomalies.What is the duration of persistent vegetative state?After three months, a persistent vegetative state in adults and children with nontraumatic injuries might be regarded as irreversible; recovery does happen, but it is uncommon and, at best, is accompanied by moderate or severe handicap.To learn more about persistent vegetative state visit:
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The process in which two distinct lineages evolve a similar characteristic independently of each other because both lineages experience similar environmental challenges or selective pressures is?
The process in which two distinct lineages evolve a similar characteristic independently of each other because both lineages experience similar environmental challenges or selective pressures is Convergent Evolution.
Selective Pressure- Selection pressures are outside forces that have an impact on an organism's capacity to endure in a certain environment. Positive or negative selection pressures can enhance the incidence of a characteristic (increases the proportion of a trait).
Organism- A living thing with its own unique characteristics, such as a plant, animal, bacteria, protist, or fungus; a body thought up of organs, organelles, or other elements that cooperate to carry out the many processes of life.
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The structures in the epigastric region share a common nerve supply. can you name the specific cranial nerve that serves this region and the part of the nervous system to which it belongs?
The epigastric region is served by the vagus nerve and can be found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
The vagus nerve connects the neck, chest, heart, lung, and belly. It is the longest cranial nerve and runs from the brain to the large intestine. It is also known as cranial nerve X. The cranial nerves are categorized using Roman numerals based on where they are located. It affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls processes like breathing and digestion that happen automatically. It can also act as a bridge between the gut and the brain, contributing to the gut-brain axis, as described by experts. Digestion, heart rate, respiration, heart rate, as well as reflex actions including coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting are some of the functions of the vagus nerve. The major nerve pertaining to the parasympathetic nerve system, often called the vagal nerve, controls all reflex activities.
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Peptic ulcer disease (pud) is most likely to affect which areas of the gastrointestinal (gi) lining?
Peptic ulcer disease (pud) is most likely to affect the mucosa lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Peptic ulcer disease refers to the occurrence of painful ulcers in the protective lining of the stomach of the duodenum. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid independently to digest the food. The mucosa is the protective lining of the stomach that protects it from the harm that may be caused by the HCl.
An excessive amount of HCl in the stomach or eating up of mucus lining by the bacteria can cause ulcers or sores in the stomach or duodenum. This is referred to as peptic ulcer disease. PUD can also be caused due to various other factors like genetic factors, consumption of alcohol, smoking, or excessive use of NSAIDs.
PUD primarily affects the mucosa lining of the stomach. Submucosa lining lies beneath the mucosa lining which can also get affected. Severe cases of PUD can also affect the Muscularis layer of the stomach.
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During transcription, rna polymerase synthesizes ______ from a(n) ______ template.
During transcription, rna polymerase synthesizes RNA strand from a(n) DNA template.
What is transcription?Transcription is a classic event in molecular biology in which the DNA is transcribed to mRNA.
Transcription is an important event mentioned in central dogma of molecular biology. It is from transcription, translation (synthesis) of proteins is possible.
Transcription occurs at specific site in the cell. In prokaryotes, transcription takes place in cytoplasm whereas in eukaryotes, nucleus is the site for transcription.
Transcription involves three main steps:
Initiation - Binding of an enzyme RNA polymerase at the promoter region initiates the process of transcription. Thus, an mRNA strand is produced from a DNA sequence.Elongation - Specific nucleotides are added to this mRNA strand through complementary base pairing (A-U, C-G).Termination - RNA polymerase comes across a termination sequence in a gene and stops the process.After transcription, processing of mRNA is carried out so that it becomes mature and fully functional for translation process.
Therefore, transcription is important in copying information from DNA sequences for the correct synthesis of proteins.
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The population is the unit of natural selection. group of answer choices
a. true
b. false
The statement is false that the unit of natural selection is population.
Natural selection is the phenomenon that results in evolution. By natural selection, the nature favors those individuals that adapt better to the changing environment and continue to reproduce. The unit of natural selection is an individual and not an entire population. The changes that occur in and individual due to natural selection are heritable.
A population can be defined as a group of similar organisms, that live in the same habitat, depend on the same resources and most essentially, are able to reproduce and produce new offspring among themselves.
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Carbon dioxide ________ oxygen unloading and ________ carbon dioxide transport.
a) decreases, improves
b) increases, improves
c) decreases, worsens
d) increases, worsens
Option B: Carbon dioxide increases oxygen unloading and oxygen unloading improves carbon dioxide transport.
During internal respiration or inspiration, we take up oxygen from the environment. While some of the carbon dioxides remain dissolved in the blood plasma, most of this gas continues to flow with the blood. Carbon dioxide here combines with water to form carbonic acid and combines with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin. Carbonic acid thus dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions diffuse out of erythrocytes in exchange for chloride ions, referred to as chloride shift.
Hydrogen ions, dissociated from carbonic acid, bind with hemoglobin. This binding results in decreased affinity for oxygen. Oxygen gets dissociated from RBC and the tissues. Therefore, carbon dioxide increases oxygen unloading. In return, oxygen unloading improves carbon dioxide transport.
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Genetic disorders are caused either by an alteration in ___________ that disrupt(s) the single-gene sequence or ___________ rearrangements.
Genetic disorders are caused either by an alteration in DNA that disrupt(s) the single-gene sequence or chromosomal rearrangements.
What is DNA?
DNA is an organic molecule that holds instructions for synthesising proteins as well as genetic data. Most cells in every organism contain it. DNA plays a crucial role in reproduction because it allows for the hereditary transmission of traits from one or more parents to their offspring.
What are chromosomes?
The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells. Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA). DNA is passed down from parents to children and contains the precise instructions that give each kind of living thing its individuality.
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Memory, sensory processing, motor responses, creativity, and higher intellectual functions are carried out by the?
Memory, sensory processing, motor responses, creativity, and higher intellectual functions are carried out by cerebrum.
In biology, the cerebrum is defined as the uppermost and largest part of the brain. It is divided into two halves by a central fissure. The cerebrum initiates, coordinates, and regulates movement as well as temperature.
The cerebrum contains the four major lobes, each with its own set of functions. So, while the cerebrum as a whole controls many functions in the body, this is primarily due to the function of each individual lobe and their interplay.
In general, the cerebrum is in charge of all voluntary actions. It also governs sensory processing, emotional control, motor control, personality learning, problem solving, language, speech, visual information, spatial information, cognition and higher thought, imagination, creativity, and music interpretation.
Cerebral areas are also in charge of receiving and interpreting much of the physical world around the body.
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In a 3-5 paragraph essay, discuss how the process of science has been used to develop and support a theory of global climate change. What is the accepted theory? Is there scientific consensus about climate change? What evidence exists to support the theory, and what are its limitations?
You may use any credible source to gather information about the theory of global climate change, its strengths, and limitations.
Your essay should be organized around a clear thesis statement that is supported by at least 3 pieces of scientific evidence. You must include introductory and concluding paragraphs, and address each component of the process of science, as described in this lesson. Use the attached rubric as a guide, and be sure that all information is written in your own words.
You may submit your essay in the text box provided, or upload it as a file. Be sure to review your work before you submit it. This is one of two graded assignments in this unit.
Answer:
Climate scientists use a concept called radiative forcing to quantify the effect of these increased concentrations on climate. Radiative forcing is the change that is caused in the global energy balance of the earth relative to preindustrial times. (Forcing is usually expressed as watts per square meter.)
Twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas __________ twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas dizygotic twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins- Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are produced when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. Identical twins always have the same sex and have the same DNA.
Dizygotic twins- Dizygotic twins are two siblings that develop from different ova, or eggs, that are produced from an ovary at the same time and are fertilized by different sperm. They are also known as fraternal twins or nonidentical twins.
Ova- In most anisogamous species, the female reproductive cell, or gamete, is the egg cell, or ovum (plural ova).
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A numerical measure from a population, such as a population mean, is called _____.a. the mean deviationb. a samplec. a parameterd. a statisti
A numerical measure from a population, such as a population mean, is called a Parameter.
Parameter- A limit is a parameter. A parameter is a constant in an equation in mathematics, however today, any system can include parameters that control how it functions.
Population- A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.
Population Mean- The population mean, also known as the average or mean of all values in a population, is determined by summing all population values (represented by the symbol X) and dividing that total by the number of population values (represented by the symbol N).
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A pregnant trauma patient, which intervention is performed during the focused obstetric as:________
During the focused obstetrical intervention, a perform cardiotocography is performed on a pregnant trauma patient.
What do you mean by obstetric?A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of pregnant women and mothers-to-be as well as the treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.
How are obstetric scans performed?Obstetric ultrasonography employs sound waves to create images of the mother's uterus and ovaries as well as the baby (embryo or fetus) within a pregnant woman. It is the recommended approach for observing expectant mothers and their unborn children because it does not involve ionizing radiation and has no known negative effects
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Why is it important in science to analyze data displayed in bar and line graphs? Please respond in 1–2 complete sentences using your best grammar.
although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan (cell wall) synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) environment.
Penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan by releasing beta- lactam that includes penicillin, monobactams and carbapenems these are arranged in lactam ring in molecular structure that inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of cell wall of bacteria.
Bacteria that grow in presence of penicillin is gram negative bacteria because these bacteria have lipopolysaccharide and protein layer that surrounds the peptidoglycan layer and this layer prevent the attack of penicillin.
Lipopolysaccharide protect the cell from the entry of toxic molecules like antibiotics and bile salts.
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This component of blood plasma includes molecules that are important for body defense, osmotic balance, and lipid transport.
Plasma proteins are a component of blood plasma that contain components necessary for lipid transport and body defense.
Which three lipid transport pathways are there?The Lipid Transport Pathways. The body's three primary mechanisms for lipid production and transportation are as follows. These pathways include the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, the endogenous pathway, and the exogenous pathway. Water-insoluble lipids are transported throughout the body via lipoproteins. Different lipoprotein subtypes perform various functions. However, all have the same four fundamental building blocks: proteins, phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol.
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Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including ______.
bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
Information from microbiology is used to develop illness therapies and vaccinations. Microbiology is a tool used by biologists to create novel treatments for disease. Microbiologists are frequently used by businesses to create new anti-virus and anti-bacterial goods.What practical applications does microbiology have?Microbiology is used in many aspects of daily life, including food production, biodegradation, the manufacture of commercial goods, and genetic engineering. Microorganisms are required in a variety of dishes. Microorganisms, for instance, are required for the production of curd and cheese.What does microbiology encompass?The participation of microbiology in numerous sectors, including pharmacy, medicine, clinical research, agriculture, the dairy and water industries, nanotechnology, and chemical technology, contributes to the vast breadth of microbiology. A person with expertise in this area is referred to as a "Microbiologist".To learn more about microbiology visit:
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An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to:_____
increase in the production of ADH
An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to an increase in the production of ADH.
What exactly is ADH, and what does it do?The brain releases a substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which makes the kidneys release less water and reduces the volume of urine generated. The body makes less pee when its ADH level is high.How can ADH improve the collecting ducts' water permeability? Water can diffuse across the plasma membrane thanks to aquaporins. Aquaporin 2 localizes to storage vesicles in the cytoplasm of collecting duct epithelial cells when ADH is not present.Why is water unable to pass through the collecting duct?Without antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts, in especially the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts, are largely impervious to water (ADH, or vasopressin). ADH prevents water in the renal filtrate from entering the urine, which encourages diuresis.
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All of the following are characteristics of viruses except :________
a) definite shape.
b) metabolism.
c) genes.
d) ability to infect host cells.
e) ultramicroscopic size.
Answer:
B. Metabolism
Explanation:
Viruses cannot make food, take in food, or produce waste
All of the characteristics listed are true for viruses except for b) metabolism.
What is a virus?A virus is a non-living infectious agent that can only replicate inside the host cell. They are extremely small and can only be seen under an electron microscope. Viruses are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protective protein coat called the capsid. They do not have the ability to replicate or survive on their own and rely on host cells to provide the necessary metabolic machinery to replicate
Viruses are ultramicroscopic in size and do not have a definite shape. Viruses also infect host cells and utilize the host's metabolic machinery for replication. Viruses lack a metabolism of their own, and are thus not considered living organisms.
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(q010) according to the american association of physical anthropologists (aapa) code of ethics, anthropologists are primarily responsible to ____________________________.
According to the American association of physical anthropologists (aapa) code of ethics, anthropologists are primarily responsible to "the people, species ,and the materials they study".
Anthropology is the study of humanity through the application of biology, cultural studies, archaeology, linguistics, and other social sciences.
According to the American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics, anthropologists must acknowledge their debt to the people they work with and show proper recompense. Anyone who contributes information and who might be impacted by the research should give their informed consent, according to researchers.
They study other societies to gain a clearer perspective on our own. They study the past to help interpret the present.
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A child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is prescribed atomoxetine. the nurse would assess the child closely for which adverse reactions?
Weight and height - The nurse needs to carefully track this child's weight and height because the drug can cause weight loss, anorexia, and nausea that could result in slowed or absent growth.
Commonly, consistent dieting is where anorexia starts. It may eventually cause excessive and unhealthy weight loss. Due to your concern about gaining weight, you might utilize extreme dieting and food restriction techniques.
There are two subtypes of anorexia:
Restrictor type - People with the restrictor kind of anorexia drastically restrict their food intake. Typically, this comprises foods that are heavy in fat and carbohydrates.
Bulimic (bingeing and purging) type - Bulimics force themselves to vomit after overeating. They might use other techniques, such as taking a lot of laxatives, to get their bowels moving.
Duodenal ulcer disease is the most frequent cause of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and discomfort. Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are close behind.
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The vasoconstrictive effects of blank______ are considered to be responsible for the drug's ability to relieve migraine headaches.
It is believed that caffeine's effectiveness to treat migraine headaches is due to its vasoconstrictive properties.
What causes migraines most frequently?
Although the precise cause of migraines is unknown, it is believed that they are a temporary side effect of irregular brain activity that affects the brain's blood vessels, chemicals, and nerve signals.
How much time do migraines last?An attack's headache phase might last anywhere between four hours and three days. Even though this is unusual, the total duration of a migraine attack—including prodrome, aura, headache, and postdrome—can range from little longer than one day to barely more than a week.Do migraines pose a major threat?Migraines can significantly lower your quality of life and make it difficult for you to go about your everyday activities. Some folks discover they must spend days at a time in bed.learn more about caffeine here
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characteristics viewed include the pattern of the medulla, pigmentation of the cortex and types of scales on the
Hair examined for forensic purposes is examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopic traits include length, color, pigment and curliness. The layout of the medulla, coloring of the cortex, and varieties of cuticle scales are all microscopic traits. The medulla is characterized as continuous, intermittent, fragmented, or missing.
The cortex of the hair shaft is the thickest hair layer and is positioned between the hair cuticle and the medulla. It also contains the majority of the pigment that gives the hair its color. medulla, which is also found in skin, is the pigment found in the cortex. Hair scales are an essential component of hair.
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