Column A
1.
bacteriophage:
bacteriophage
2.
capsid:
capsid
3.
lysogenic infection:
lysogenic infection
4.
lytic infection:
lytic infection
5.
prophage:
prophage
6.
retrovirus:
retrovirus
Column B
a.the type of infection in which a virus does not immediately start replicating itself but inserts a piece of DNA ino the host cell's genome which becomes activated at a later date
b.a type of infection in which a virus immediately starts replicating in the host cell
c.a virus that, upon infection of a host cell, makes a DNA copy of its RNA and inserts that piece of DNA into the cell's genome
d.the protein coat that surrounds a virus
e.a piece of virus DNA that becomes a part of a bacterium's genome- until activated to produce new bacteriophages
f.a virus that infects bacteria

According to the research, the correct option is Carcinoma in situ. The term that means cancer in the early stage, before invading the surrounding tissue is: Carcinoma in situ.

It is a malignant neoplasm made up of anaplastic epithelial cells with metastatic capacity, being the early stage of cancer follow-up that should have a diagnosis of recurrence.

In this sense, in situ means that it is a cancer that has not metastasized to other parts of the body and, therefore, has not invaded nearby tissues.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is Carcinoma in situ. The term that means cancer in the early stage, before invading the surrounding tissue is: Carcinoma in situ.

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a) Most individuals are found within the optimum range, which is where there is a higher degree of preferred niche. b) constraints are competition for resources and female access, and preferred niche running out faster.

The tolerance range refers to the limits between which a species can live and reproduce. These limits depend on environmental factors, which might be biotic or abiotic.

The environmental factors that influence a species' survival are the limiting factors. These are, for instance,

In an environment, and concerning a particular species, we can identify three different zones or ranges,

In the exposed example, we have the relationship between number of individuals and niche availability. The limiting factor here is niche availability.

2. (a) Identify the range diagram above in which most of the species population is found. Explain why this is the case:

Most individuals are found within the optimum range, which is where there is a higher degree of preferred niche. Preferred niche is where they can hide, feed, and reproduce.

(b). Describe the greatest constraints on an organism's growth and reproduction within this range

As we can see most individuals and the largest populations are inhabiting the same range. What does it mean?

It means

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The animal will eventually stop responding if the same stimulus is repeatedly provided without being followed by another stimulus. This is known as habituation.

Habituation is a psychological learning process whereby a stimulus's ability to elicit a response decreases over time. According to this theory, a person or an animal might learn to disregard.

For example, a new sound could first attract your attention or perhaps distract you from what is going on around you. Your response will decrease as you grow accustomed to this sound and give it less attention. Due to repeated exposure, this decreased response is a stimulus that has become habit-forming.

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Heritability ratio

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is termed as heritability ratio.

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The four main biological macromolecules are lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. The term "macronutrient" particularly refers to the macromolecules that give the organism its nutritional energy.

Large, naturally occurring cellular components known as biological macromolecules perform a variety of vital tasks for the development and survival of living things. There are four significant categories of biological macromolecules: lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are typical examples of macromolecules.

Macromolecules are enormous molecules that fill a cell and give it vital life-sustaining activities. Macromolecules, for instance, offer structural support, serve as a reservoir for stored energy, have the capacity to store and retrieve genetic information, and can speed up biological operations.

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Natural selection is the mechanism in which an individual is naturally selected for adaptation or for the survival according to the resources availability that explains about the diversity of life.

It also explains that the new species come from pre-existing species and all the species shares a common ancestor that explains about the unity of life.

Darwin's theory on Natural Selection was proposed for the evolution. There are five basic steps, on which natural selection was base Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time & adaptation

Without the knowledge of natural selection, it is impossible to understand the concept of unity and diversity of life on earth.

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Answer:???

Explanation:

Bottleneck effect helps the biologists to save species nearing extinction because it helps in reestablishment of the species.

Specified, widespread violence or purposeful culling, human population planning, and other human actions such as famine, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts can all cause population bottlenecks. Population bottlenecks can also occur owing to genetic bottlenecks. Such occurrences can lessen the genetic variety of a community, leaving just a smaller population to transmit genes to future generations of offspring through sexual reproduction.

from such a small population by continuously breeding and providing good environment the again flourishment of the species can take place.

Thus, this small population is now taken care of by biologist so that the proper sexual reproduction can take place and thus the population is maintained and thus conservation takes place.

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Answer:

1 g/cm³

Explanation:

To find density we need to know the mass and the volume. We already know that the mass is 8 g. Now we need to know the volume using the dimensions above, so all we need to do is

2cmX4cmX1cm to give us 8cm³

Now that we know both the mass and the volume all we have to is to divide the mass(8g) by the volume(8cm³) to give us 1g/cm³(which btw is almost always the constant density of water)

During stage of development, an unborn child is most at risk of experiencing a structural defect as a result of exposure to a teratogen like the zika virus or lead

: embryonic period

What is the development of an embryo?

The first eight weeks of human embryonic development are referred to as embryonic development; from the start of the ninth week, the embryo is referred to as a fetus. The study of this growth in the first eight weeks following fertilization is known as human embryology. The average gestation (pregnancy) lasts 40 weeks, or nearly nine months.

Teratogens are substances or conditions that can lead to an embryo's deformity; these include alcohol, tobacco smoke, narcotics, maternal stress, and the age of the father. Due to the impact of teratogens, the unborn child is at a very high risk of acquiring structural problems during the embryonic stage. Teratogens can cause aberrant bone, muscle, and tendon growth.

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Muscle cells generate atp by burning fuel (glucose) and oxygen in a process called aerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms convert fuel, such as fats and sugars, into chemical energy by using oxygen.

During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to form ATP, which the cell can use. As a byproduct, carbon dioxide and water are produced.

The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -------------------->  6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

                        Cellular respiration

All cells use respiration to convert fuel into energy that can be used to power cellular processes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the end product of respiration, and it uses the energy stored in its phosphate bonds to power chemical reactions. It is frequently referred to as the cell's "currency."

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When a non-enveloped animal virus adsorbs to the host cell with its protein spikes, the virions are taken into the cell by the process of  endocytosis

Substances are introduced into the cell during endocytosis, a cellular process. A portion of the cell membrane that surrounds the substance to be internalised splits off to form a vesicle that holds the substance once it has been ingested. Phosphocytosis and pinocytosis are two examples of endocytosis.

By engulfing substances from the outside in a vesicle, cells can take them in through the process of endocytosis. Pathogens that immune cells engulf and eradicate can be one of these, as can nutrients that support the cell.

The movement of glucagon from the pancreas into the liver, where it is further processed for simpler absorption into the blood stream, is an example of exocytosis. delivery of protein-filled vesicles by T cells to virally infected cells.

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Answer There are many cell organelles in the body performing different functions to regulate the whole body.

Explanation: Centrosome is mainly used for the regulation of the motility of cells and also in the facilitation of the spindle poles during mitosis.

The cytoskeleton is used to maintain the shape and its internal organization and also provides mechanical support.

The plasma membrane function is the regulation of the transportation of materials in intercellular and extracellular cells.

ATP is adenosine triphosphate which is also known as the energy house of the cell and provides energy for the functioning of many cellular processes.

Glucose is the main source of energy in the body and is found in blood also known as blood sugar.

Mitochondria are called as powerhouse of the cell and generate or form the ATP by using the F1 F0 channel.

The nucleus is the brain of the cell as all works are done by the nucleus and it contains the DNA which is also the genetic material in the human body.

Nucleic acids are the genetic materials that are DNA and RNA as deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acids and are found in bacteria, viruses, humans, animals, and plants and are also hereditary material.

RNA is ribonucleic acid that can be single-stranded or double-stranded and is mostly found in plants and is the hereditary material.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and monomeric units of the same.

Ribosomes are used to make proteins.

Viruses are pathogens that damage the cell and the body slowly using the machinery of the host cell and replicating its own DNA.

Slicer enzymes are used to cleave the RNA and have the activity of the endonuclease enzyme.

Fatty acids are lipids that help in the metabolism of the body.

The membrane helps in the protection of cells and transportation.

The endoplasmic reticulum helps in the formation of lipids

Vesicles are used to transport materials and recycle waste materials.

Free radicles react with other molecules and are reactive oxygen species having uneven numbers of electrons and giving large chain oxidation reactions.

DNA repair enzyme makes up the cleavage and helps to recover the damage.

Peroxisomes sequester diverse oxidative reactions and involve in metabolism.

The Golgi body is a factory in which proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum are further processed for transportation to other destinations.

The chloroplast's function is to do photosynthesis.

Defensin molecules protect from damage and pathogen.

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spinal cord enable the body to have stamina to be able to do task

Explanation:

spinal cord enable the body to have stamina to be able to do task

Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida, Stramenopila from the superkingdoms includes organisms that exhibit complex multicellularity.

Complex multicellularity appeared comparatively late in life's history, in the Ediacaran Period, more than three billion years after microbial life began to diversify. Plants, animals, and macroscopic fungus form terrestrial landscapes, while creatures and seaweeds animate the water. Complex multicellularity is the most sophisticated degree of biological structure and has only occurred a few times in metazoans, green plants, brown and red algae, and fungus. Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida, and Stramenopila are the superkingdoms with creatures that display complex multicellularity. Opisthokonts are eukaryotic groupings that comprise amoebae, fungi, and mammals. The photoautotrophic red algae, green algae, land plants, and the small group glaucophytes comprise the Archaeplastida, a large group of eukaryotes. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes categorized as protists because they are not fungi, animals, or plants.

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Answer:

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Anoikis and Loss of Adhesion

Explanation:

The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body. In metastasis, cancer cells break away from the original (primary) tumor, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form a new tumor in other organs or tissues of the body.

activator

The binding of a signal molecule called a activator , alters the shape of the active site such that it cannot bind the substrate.

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Coral bleaching results from a loss of the dinoflagellate endosymbiont. The metabolic result on the coral from coral bleaching is the byproducts of photosynthesis are unable to provide the coral with energy.

The metabolic results on coral are many which are from coral bleaching when corals become white as a result of numerous stressors, such as variations in temperature, light, or nutrition, the process is known as coral bleaching. The algae (zooxanthellae) that dwell inside coral polyps are shed during bleaching, turning the coral white as a result.

The photosynthetic zooxanthellae start to create reactive oxygen species as the water temperature rises. The coral expels the zooxanthellae since this is poisonous to it. Coral tissue turns transparent, exposing the coral's calcium carbonate skeleton since the majority of the coral pigmentation is produced by zooxanthellae.

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Dan is using a metal rod to sharpen his favorite knife. to start this process, he should hold the steel rod in a  diagonal direction with the tip firmly pressed against the counter.

Hold the blade at a 15-degree angle far away from the steel.  Maintaining a light, consistent pressure, and 15-degree angle between the blade and honing steel, slide the blade down the length of steel during a  sweeping motion, pulling the knife toward your body in order that the entire edge of the blade makes contact with the steel. 3. Repeat this motion on another side of the blade.

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A nurse is explaining to another nurse the difference between first-generation antipsychotics and second-generation antipsychotics. what is the biggest benefit of the second-generation antipsychotics?

First generation antipsyhotics are the conventional antipsyhotics which blocks the dopamine pathway by blocking the D2 receptors and reduces the dopaminergic neuro-transmission.

Second generation antipsyhotics also called atypical antipsychotics which partial block dopamine receptors and also affect other things like serotonin.

Second generation antipsyhotics are more effective in reducing the symptoms schizophrenia and also improves the overall quality of life. They also have a lower risk of neurological symptoms like tremors, like the first generation drugs.

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A long narrow fault at the base of the groove on the enamel surface of a tooth is called a fissure. A fissure is a significant crack in a tooth's surface that often happens as a result of inadequate enamel adhesion between the surrounding dental lobes. It can have a dental sealant placed on it to reduce the possibility of cavities.

Standard microsampling methods make it difficult to assess the fluoride (F) distribution in the enamel bordering the occlusal fissures of human molars and premolars, despite the fact that these areas are particularly vulnerable to caries.

The varied outer layer qualities in sound fissure enamel are more likely the result of developmental processes than environmental causes.

Enamel is the word for the hard outer layer that covers teeth. As teeth erupt, a condition known as enamel hypoplasia manifests. The underlying causes might be environmental or hereditary.

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The correct answer for this question is Molecule.

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are the four primary types of biological macromolecules, which are huge molecules required for life that are composed of smaller organic molecules. Macromolecules are made up of monomers, which are single units bonded together by covalent bonds to create bigger polymers.

A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, is a very big molecule crucial to biophysical processes. It is made up of many atoms that are covalently bound. The smaller molecules known as monomers are the building blocks of many macromolecules. Large non-polymeric molecules like lipids, nanogels, and macrocycles, as well as biopolymers (proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids), are the most prevalent macromolecules in biochemistry. In addition to synthetic fibers, macromolecules can also be found in research materials like carbon nanotubes.

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The expected phenotypic ratio of the children for a colorblind woman and a non-colorblind man will be 1:2:1(carrier daughter: normal daughter: normal son: colourblind son)

Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive disease (meaning the gene is almost always found on the X chromosome) which means that it excessively affects only males since they have one X chromosome and females have two, which most of the time is expressed in only one. In this disease, people see different colors as compared to normal people. The person can not be able to judge the brightness of the color and different shades of a color.

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it is A

The green power supported the resources

Answer: The answer is facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion , facilitated diffusion , active transport and simple diffusion.

Explanation: Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport in which the ions or the molecules moce or trasported across the biological membrane via transmembrane integral protein or protein channels and they do not need the ATP as energy whereas in simple diffusion the movement of ions and the molecules takes place but without the help of any kind of proteins and it happens through the semi permeable membrane and lastly the active transport is the movement of ions and molecules against the concerntration gradient and requires energy by hydrolysis of ATP and uses it .

In first case the aquaporins are used which are transport channels or helper proteins so it a passive transport but facilitated by proteins so is facilitated diffusion.

In second case it is simple diffusion because due to the smaller size of water molecules the they move and doesn't require any kind of help while doing so.

In third case as the movement is down the gradient and the molecules are charged so is an example of facilitated diffusion.

In the fourth case as the inward movement of glucose is needed and to move from inside the cell to outside the cell it is against the concerntration gradient so it will require the ATP hence is active transport.

In the fifth case as glucose is already in high amount so can easily diffuse inside the cell hence is simple diffussion.

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The energy contained within the trophic levels of an environment is represented graphically by an energy pyramid, sometimes referred to as a trophic or biological pyramid.

The producers are located at the base of the pyramid, which is also its largest level. This level also contains the most energy. An ecological pyramid, a food web, or a level in a food chain are all examples of trophic levels. It is inhabited by a collection of creatures with comparable eating strategies. Energies are lost as metabolic heat when an organism from one trophic level is consumed by an organism from the next level, which causes energy to diminish as it goes up the trophic levels. The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is measured by a term called trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE).

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Answer:

Adhesion of Water Molecules. The adhesion property is also often observed in water. This is because the adhesion of water allows it to "stick" to many surfaces and objects. The adhesion of water is best explained as the ability of water to stick to other surfaces through the creation of weak surface bonds

Explanation:

The cilia, which are projections from cell membranes, are responsible for moving mucus along the lining of the trachea.

You will find cilia, which are tiny, hair-like structures, in the inner layer of the trachea. Cilia move rhythmically to remove mucus from your trachea so you may either ingest it or expel it. You have a muscle called the trachealis between every ring of cartilage in your trachea. On the outside of airway cells, cilia are movable, tiny projections that resemble fingers. The cilia that line the airways aid in raising and expelling mucus from the lungs. breathing epithelium. Mucus is secreted by the goblet cells, covering the tips of the ciliated cells in a protective layer. The cilia's regular, coordinated beating sweeps any debris attached to the mucus up and out of the airways.

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When a person is standing straight, facing forward, with both arms hanging loosely at their sides and their palms facing forward, this is known as being in anatomical position or the standard anatomical position. With their feet flat on the ground and facing forward, the legs are parallel.

A person in the standard anatomical position is one who is standing, facing forward, with their feet together and their toes pointing in the same direction. From the observer's point of view, none of the long bones are crossed.

The anatomical position is significant because the body is described by anatomic terms when it is in that position, including anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, superior and inferior, and so on.

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