If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.
What would have changed?We know that electricity has to do with the flow of current, there are fundamentally two kinds of charge, a positive and a negative charge. We know that the kind of charge that a material carries is arbitrary.
As we can see here, it was Benjamin Franklin in 1750 that defined the charge on the glass rod and the charge on the amber rod as negative. If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.
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Given what you know of the acid base chemistry of hf, what is the concentration of hf in an aqueous solution with a ph of 5.89?
Hydrofluoric acid, HF in an aqueous form having molecular weight of 20.01 have concentration of 48-50% w/w in aqueous solution/water with a pH of 5.89.
HF in an aqueous solution ionizes like the other acids. It is extremely corrosive. It dissociates in water as -
HF + H₂O ⇆ H₃O⁺ + F⁻
Hydrofluoric acid is much stronger when concentrated. If concentration increases and approach to 100%, the acidity of acid increases and the base forms a bond.
3HF ⇆ H₂F⁺ + HF₂⁻
The presence of hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution makes the HF acidic. HF is soluble with boiling point 19.5°C and melting point 0f -83.6°C
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The action potentials of myocardial autorhythmic cells, are due to a combination of increasing Na+ and Ca2+ ________ and decreasing k ________.
The action potentials of myocardial autorhythmic cells, are due to a combination of increasing Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ influx and decreasing K⁺
efflux .
The autorythmic cells are concentrated in many areas such as:
Sinoatrial (SA) node which is located in the upper wall of the right atrium (auricle). It initiates the cardiac cycle by generating an action potential spreading throughout both atrium via gap junctions of the cardiac muscle fibers.
These autorhythmic cells have unique ability to depolarize spontaneously, which results in a pacemaker potential. Channels of cardiac autorhythmic cells are responsible for the electrical signal that triggers heart contraction.
Autorhythmic cells begin depolarizing due to a slow continuous influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, and a reduced efflux of K⁺.
Several protein channels are embedded in the plasma membrane of an autorhythmic cell that allows ions to move in and out of the cell. These are important for generating action potential.
Sodium channels : allow Na⁺ ions to enter cellFast calcium channels : allow Ca²⁺ ions to enter cellPotassium channels : allow K⁺ ions to leave the cellTo learn more about autorhythmic cells,
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How many kinds of chemically non-equivalent hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds?.
There are three non-equivalent sets of hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds.
Hydrogen is the simplest element. Each hydrogen atom has only one proton. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe. Stars like the Sun are mostly made of hydrogen. The sun is essentially a giant ball of hydrogen and helium gas. Hydrogen water is pure water with extra hydrogen molecules added. Hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant molecule known to man. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. In any case, in 2007 a Japanese group discovered that inhaled hydrogen gas could act as a cancer preventive (antioxidant) agent.
Found in the Sun and most stars, Jupiter is composed primarily of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant form of water on earth. As a gas in the atmosphere, it is present in trace amounts, less than 1 ppm by volume.
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HURRY
Give three examples of unbalanced forces in your everyday life.
Answer:
Tug of War
An object sinking in water
Kicking a ball
Answer:
turning a cartwheel.
riding a skateboard.
a football sailing toward the goalpost after it is kicked
Round each measurement to three significant figures. Write your answers in scientific notation.
a. 8758.073 meters
b. 435,200,000
c. 0.001552 meter
d. 0.009009 meters
e. 177,888 meters
f. 629.55 meters
Answer: a. 8.76*10^3 meters
b. 4.35*10^8 meters
c. 1.55*10^(-3) meters
d. 9.01*10^(-3) meters
e. 1.78*10^5 meters
f. 6.30*10^2 meters
Explanation:
a. 8758.073 meters=
8000+758.073=
8*1000+758.073/1000 *1000=
8*10^3+0.758073*10^3=
(8+0.758073)*10^3=
8.758073*10^3=
8.758073*10^3=8.76*10^3 meters
b. 435,200,000=
400,000,000+35,200,000=
4*100,000,000+35,200,000/100,000,000 *100,000,000=
4*10^8+0.352*10^8=
4.352*10^8=
4.352*10^8=4.35*10^8 meters
c. 0.001552 meter=
1.552/1000 =
1.552 * 1/1000=1.55*10^(-3) meters
d. 0.009009 meters=
9.009/1000=
9.009*10^(-3)=9.01*10^(-3) meters
e. 177,888 meters=
100,000+77,888=
1*100,000+77,888/100,000 *100,000=
1*10^5+0.77888*10^5=
1.77888*10^5=1.78*10^5 meters
f. 629.55 meters=
6000+29.55=
6*100+29.55/100 *100=
6*10^2+0.2955*10^2=
6.2955*10^2=6.30*10^2 meters
scientific process how can a casual question be answered 3 hypotheses water experiment
There are 3 experiments which helps to under water evaporation system.
Both the temperature of the air surrounding the water and the rate of evaporation increased. In the second experiment, we observed an increase in air flow around the water, and this time, the rate of evaporation increased as well. In the third and final experiment, we observed an increase in the amount of light in the room, and this time, the rate of evaporation increased as well.Because the kinetic energy of a substance can be measured by its temperature, increasing in the temperature or kinetic energy of the air around water will also increase the kinetic energy of the water, which will increase the rate of evaporation.It's crucial to have good air flow since it drives water droplets in the air away from you, reducing the amount of humidity in the region. Because there will then be space for the evaporated air or space for the evaporated water to flow into the air, it will then be simpler for the water to really evaporate.Water in the presence of sunlight is given extra energy, which increases evaporation.Learn more about Evaporation here:
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Metric Conversions
1: convert 104 KM to M
2: convert 16 CM to MM
3: convert 5.6 KG to MG
Answer:
1. 104000m
2. 160mm
3. 5600000 mg
According to bohr's model, when does an electron emit electromagnetic radiation?
According to Bohr's model, electron emit electromagnetic radiation when an electron moves from the higher energy orbit to the lower energy orbit of an atom.
Niels Bohr (1885–1962) proposed a model for the hydrogen atom that explained its atomic emission spectrum.
According to the Bohr model of the atom:
1. Energy levels of electrons are discrete (certain discrete values of energy), that is why hydrogen shows discrete, bright, colored lines.
2. Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.
3. Electrons can jump from one energy level to another, absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ν (energy difference of the levels).
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explanation on redox reaction
The redox reaction must occur between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.
What is redox reaction?From your question, you want me to give you a general idea about redox reaction and that is what I will do. Firstly, a redox reaction is one in which one specie is oxidized and the other is reduced. The both processes have to occur simultaneously.
When we say that the both processes occur simultaneously, we mean that the electron that is lost in one process is gained in another process and all these must happen within the same system not apart from each other.
The oxidation number of one specie increases while the oxidation number of the other specie decreases. Hence, an redox reaction must occur between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.
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Why do we emphasize the valence electrons in an atom when discussing atomic properties?
We emphasize the valence electrons in an atom when discussing atomic properties, as they are most accessible to other atoms.
What are valence electrons?The valence electrons are the electrons that are present in the outer shell of the atoms. These electrons are free for making bonds with the electrons of other atoms.
Electrons are joined with other electrons to make a compound. These electrons are shared by or gained by other atoms.
Thus, when discussing atomic qualities, we focus on the valence electrons in an atom since they are the most receptive to other atoms.
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a girl slides down a plastic slide. when she gets up, her hair is in the air. why is this so?
Answer:
because when girl slide down then her body was in full speed and after that she gets up her hair is in the air because when she slide down her hair was also blowing in the air and after that her body thinks that they're still sliding down.so,it happened.
A central theme in chemistry is that we study ______ changes in matter to understand their ______ causes.
A central theme in chemistry is that we study Observable changes in matter to understand their Unobservable causes.
Matter is a substance made up of a variety of sorts of particles that occupies physical house and has inertia. According to the standards of current physics, the a variety of sorts of particles every have a particular mass and size. The most acquainted examples of fabric particles are the electron, the proton and the neutron.
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An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?
An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by electrons.
What is nucleus?A nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and contains the chromosomes, according to genomics. Numerous holes in the nuclear membrane allow for the selective passage of certain molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
Protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge, make up the nucleus. Quarks are subatomic particles that make up protons and neutrons.
DNA is organised into chromosomes in the nucleus, which is located in the centre of the cell. The double nuclear membrane (outer and inner) that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, known as the nuclear envelope, envelops it. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the outer membrane are one unit.
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points
Sodium and chlorine react together to form sodium chloride. Identify the reactant(s) and product(s?
Sodium and chlorine are the two reactants and sodium chloride is the product.
A very reactive metal called sodium interacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride, an inert salt. Chlorine gas is reduced to chloride anions whereas sodium is oxidized to sodium cation (Na+) (Cl-).One mole of sodium and two moles of chlorine gas combine to form two moles of sodium chloride.We are aware that chlorine is a very reactive non-metal and that sodium is a very active metal. Typically, non-metals like halogens tend to receive electrons while metals prefer to expel electrons.Chlorine accepts the electron to create the anion Cl-, and sodium rapidly loses its final shell electron to produce the cation Na+.Sodium, a solid reactant, interacts with greenish-yellow gaseous chlorine to form white crystalline sodium chloride.
Therefore, sodium and chlorine are reactants whereas sodium chloride is the product.
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what is the frequency of a wave carrying 8.35 x 10^-18 J of energy?
Answer:
Therefore; the wavelength of wave is 6. 9×10−8m.
Answer:
1.26*10^16Hz
Using the planck-einsten equation, you plug in the values and you should get 1.26*10^16Hz.
Consider an atom of zirconium which has a mass number of 96.how many electrons are in an atom of zirconium with a charge of 3?
An atom of zirconium which has a mass number of 96 has 37 electrons in it.
What is zirconium?Atomic number 40 and the letter Zr are used to identify the chemical element zirconium. Zircon is the name of the mineral from which zirconium gets its name. The name has a connection to the most significant source of zirconium, the Persian word zargun (zircon; zar-gun, "gold-like" or "like gold").
This transition metal closely resembles titanium and, to a lesser extent, hafnium. It is glossy, grey-white, and strong. Although it is used sparingly as an alloying agent due to its high corrosion resistance, zirconium is mostly utilised as a refractory and an opacifier.
Inorganic and organometallic compounds like zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride are both formed by zirconium. There are five stable isotopes that are found in nature. The biological function of zirconium compounds is unknown.
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pls help me?
list 5 items that have evolve overtime
A particular vitamin's chemical formula has one cobalt atom. What is the molar mass of the vitamin if it contains 4.34% cobalt?
The molar mass of vitamin if it contains 4.34% of cobalt is 1358 g/mole.
How is molar mass calculated?
Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of the compound.One mole of compound contains Avogadro's number of molecules.So,molar mass is mass of Avogadro's number of molecules.
Molar mass is also defined as mass of the sample divided by the amount of substance, measured in moles .It is a bulk quantity not a molecular property of substance. The SI unit of molar mass is kilogram per mole.
In this problem,vitamin has 1 cobalt atom .The atomic mass of cobalt is 58.93 g/mole.So according to the definition,mass of 1 mole of cobalt is 58.93 g =4.34% mass of 1 mole of vitamin.
To find 100% mass of 1 mole of vitamin
58.93/4.43×100=1358 g
Hence,the molar mass of vitamin is 1358 g.
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Small stretches of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, situated as a particular site on a chromosome, are knows as?
The small stretches on a chromosome of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule on a particular site is known as gene.
Gene is a fundamental, structural and operational component of heredity in living beings. They serve as a blueprints for synthesis of proteins. Genes are responsible for transfer of traits from parents to the progeny.
The sequence of nucleotide on a DNA strand determines the coding for various proteins. From a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases, genes range in size. Every human contains two copies of same gene, one from each parent.
Protein-coding genes make up only around 1% of DNA; the remaining 99% is non-coding genes. There are no protein-making instructions in non-coding part of DNA.
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Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are __________________bonds.
Chemical bonds that join the amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are peptide bonds. Chemical bonds are formed when two or more atoms, molecules, or ions come together to form a compound. Atoms in the resultant molecule are held together by these chemical bonds.
Bonds can be classified as ionic, covalent, or metallic in general. When a valence electron transfers from one atom to another to finish the outer electron shell chains, an ionic bond is created. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions are the four categories of chemical bonds that are necessary for life.
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Buffers work best when. Buffers work best when. The ratio of h to oh- is close to 1. 0. Nearly all of the buffer molecules are undissociated. Nearly all of the buffer molecules are dissociated. The ph is nearly neutral. About half of the buffer molecules are dissociated
The corrcet answer is option D: About half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.
Buffers work best when about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.
In chemistry, an aqueous solution that can resist change in pH when acidic or basic substances are added to it is called a buffer solution.
The main components of a buffer are a weak acid and a conjugate base and vice versa.
When an acid or a base is added to it, it cancels out its effects and makes the solution neutral.
In this way, it maintains a very stable pH of the solution under all conditions.
For a chemical reaction, buffers are really important and handy solutions.
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Proton a couples to proton b. proton a posseses a j-value of 3.0 hz. what do you expect the j-value proton b posseses to be? (1 pt)
Proton a couples to proton b. proton a possesses a j-value of 3.0 Hz. the j-value proton b possesses to be 3.0hz.
A proton contains two up quarks and one down quark. A neutron contains one up quark and two down quarks. The core is held together by one of four fundamental forces, the "strong nuclear force" (gravitational and electromagnetic forces are the other two). Heavy atoms tend to have more neutrons than protons, but the number of electrons in the atom is always equal to the number of protons. Therefore, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.
There are two types of protons and neutrons: up quarks and down quarks. Each up quark has a +2/3 charge. Each down quark has a charge of -1/3. The sum of the charges of the quarks that make up the nuclear particle determines its charge.
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Find the volume of a liquid if 32.5 g of the liquid has a density of 0.852 g/mL.
Answer: 27.69 mL^3
Explanation:
32.5 g * 0.852 g/mL=
32.5*0.852=27.69 mL^3 ==>Volume is expressed in units cubed.
When we double the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction, what happens to the value of the equilibrium constant?.
When we double the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction, the value of the equilibrium constant remains the same.
K = [P]/[R]
where,
[P] is the concentration of the product.
[R] is the concentration of reactant.
If we double the quantities of reactants and products in the final concentration it'll become
[R]2=2×[R]1 and [P]2=2×[P]1
Now at initial stage
K1 = [P1]/[R1]
at final stage after doubling the products
K2=[P2]/[R2]
Putting the given values
K2/K1 = 2×[P1]×[R1]/2×[R1]×[P1]
K2/K1=2/2
K2/K1=1
K2=K1
So, the value of equilibrium constant remains same.
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23 What kind of change-chemical or physical-accompa-
nies each of the following?
(a) The conversion of two elements to a compound
(b) The conversion of two compounds into a solution
(c) The combination of an element and a compound into
another compound
(d) The conversion of a compound to an element and
another compound
(e) The separation of a mixture into its components
A chemical change is one that leads to the formation of a new substance. It involves the rearrangement of the atoms in a substance to produce a new substance(s).
A physical change does not involve the rearrangement of atoms. It does not also lead to the formation of new substance. The changes are as follows;
The conversion of two elements to a compound - Chemical changeThe conversion of two compounds into a solution - physical change The combination of an element and a compound into another compound - chemical changeThe conversion of a compound to an element and another compound - chemical changeThe separation of a mixture into its components - physical changeLearn more about chemical change:https://brainly.com/question/23693316
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How many protons neutrons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of ^60co cobalt-60?
The protons neutrons and electrons are there in a neutral atom
In a neutral atom of ⁶⁰Co (cobalt-60), there are 27 protons, 27 electrons, and 33 neutrons.
We have to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of ⁶⁰Co (cobalt-60).
The number of protons = The atomic number.
The atomic number of cobalt is = 27
Therefore, the protons are 27
As protons and electrons are equal. Then, the number of electrons is 27.
The number of Neutrons = Atomic number - Number of protons.
Neutrons = 60 - 27
Or, neutrons = 33
Hence, the number of neutrons is 33, electrons are 27, and protons are 27 in a neutral (cobalt-60).
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Calculate the density of an acid if 138.4 mL of the avid weighs 16.14g
Answer:
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Explanation:
Firstly, you should use this formula :
[tex]Density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
We know the mass is 16.14g, and volume as [tex]138.4ml[/tex].
Also remember to convert [tex]ml[/tex] to [tex]cm^3[/tex], where [tex]1ml = 1cm^3[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]138.4ml=138.4cm^3[/tex].
Substitute the value :
[tex]\frac{16.14g}{138.4cm^3}=0.1166g/cm^3[/tex]
Rounding it to 2 significant figure :
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Hope this helpedN the secondary structure of a protein, what bonds, other than peptide bonds, are formed?
In secondary structure of a protein, other than peptide bonds, hydrogen bond are formed.
The secondary structure contains regions of amino acid chains that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds from the polypeptide backbone. arrangement of hydrogen bonds between the peptide it is an arrangement nitrogen's and the peptide carbonyl oxygens of different amino acid residues. the most common types of secondary structures are the α helix and the β pleated sheet. both structures are held in shape by hydrogen bonds, which form between the carbonyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another.
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perform the following operation and express the answer in scientific notation 5.7365 x 10^-5 / 3.4891 x 10^-8
The e answer in scientific notation 5.7365 x[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]/ 3.4891 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] is 1.64 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] .
Calculation ,
5.7365 x [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] / 3.4891 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] = 1.64 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] = 1644
Below are the five guidelines for scientific notation:
1. The base must always be 10.
2. The exponent must be an integer that is non-zero, meaning it may be positive or negative.
3. The coefficient's absolute value is more than or equal to 1, but it must be less than 10.
4. Both whole and decimal numbers, including positive and negative numbers, can be used as coefficients.
5. The remaining significant digits of the number are carried by the mantissa.
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7.28 Explain the following variations
in atomic or ionic radii:
a. I>I> I+
b. Ca²+ > Mg2+ > Be²+
c. Fe>Fe²+ > Fe³+
The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion.
What is the ionic radii?The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of the ion up to the electron cloud that overlays the ion. We know that for a metal, the ionic radii decreases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases while in the case of the negative ion, the ionic radii increases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases.
Let us now look at the ions as shown;
a) I^->I> I^+ - This is because the negative ion leads to an expansion of the electron cloud which decreases in the atom and the positive ion.
b) Ca²+ > Mg2+ > Be²+ - Ionic radius increases down the group as more shells are added.
c) Fe>Fe²+ > Fe³+ - This is because, for a metal, the ionic radii decreases as the magnitude of charge on the ion increases
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