Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool. Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates of the Dipnoi order. Lungfish are most recognized for preserving ancestral Osteichthyes features, such as the capacity to breathe air.
Ancestral ammonia structures, such as the existence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish are the tetrapods closest surviving relatives. Only six species of lungfish are known to exist today, and they are found in Africa, South America, and Australia. Lungfish have been found in abundance since the Triassic period, according to the fossil record.
To learn more about Lungfish, click here.
https://brainly.com/question/26496469
#SPJ4
For a monohybrid cross, suppose two true-breeding parents are crossed and their offspring (f1) are self-crossed. what genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation?
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation.
What is meant by genotypic ratio?The ratio that represents the various genotypes of a test cross' offspring is called the genotypic ratio. It depicts the distribution of children in accordance with genotype, the genetic makeup that determines an organism's phenotype.What is phenotypic ratio?A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another. The phenotypic ratio produced from a test cross is used by researchers to determine the gene expression for generations of an organism.A monohybrid cross is what?A monohybrid cross is made up of two homozygous individuals that have the opposing phenotype for a particular genetic characteristic. "A monohybrid cross is a cross between two monohybrid characteristics (TT and tt)." The monohybrid cross is in charge of passing one gene on.To learn more about monohybrid cross visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15314052
#SPJ4
If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
The RNA polymerase could now no longer be capable of understand and bind the DNA, so no RNA could be made .then RNA polymerase and related transcription elements will now no longer understand the promoter
Promoter sequences outline the path of transcription and imply which DNA strand can be transcribed; this strand is referred to as the feel strand. Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved promoter series known as the TATA box, placed 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription begin site.
The series of bases in DNA can regulate the shape of proteins. Sections of DNA which feature as genes are transcribed into 'pre-mRNA', then edited and spliced to shape mature messenger RNA.
To learn more about The RNA polymerase here
https://brainly.com/question/13326597
#SPJ4
Contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts
Lysosome Digestive enzymes are used to digest food and break down materials in the cell that are damaged or old to recycle the raw materials.
The organelles that contain the digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and the debris in the cell in a cell are called as lysosomes. Lysosomes are the membrane-bound structures that will release the digestive enzymes onto the debris and waste materials into the cell to recycle the components of these structures. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of the enzymes capable of breaking down all the types of biological polymers—proteins, the nucleic acids, the carbohydrates, and lipids.
The question is all incomplete the complete question is:
Which organelles that contain digestive enzymes that break down the waste material and debris in a cell?
To know more Lysosome about visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13386978
#SPJ1
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate? group of answer choices
Insulin and Creatinine are the two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate
A straightforward blood test that evaluates your creatinine levels is the typical method for estimating GFR. The regular breakdown of muscle tissue and the digestion of food protein both produce creatinine, a waste product.
What is Glomerular filtration rate ?A test called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how efficiently the kidneys are functioning. In particular, it calculates the volume of blood that flows through the glomeruli each minute. The kidneys' globuli are microscopic filters that remove waste from the blood.
Glomerular filtration is caused by the force of the differential between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure (but the glomerular filtration rate involves other variables as well) (though the glomerular filtration rate includes other variables as well).Learn more about Glomerular filtration rate here:
https://brainly.com/question/13064727
#SPJ4
A thick waxy layer of what substance in the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms?
Answer:
A thick waxy layer of in (Mycolic acids (lipoidal) the cell wall constitutes the major portion of the mycobacterial cell wall, separating it from other microorganisms.
Special long chains of fatty acids known as mycolic acids are present inside the lipid-rich cell walls of most mycobacteria, such as the tubercle bacillus (TB) mycobacterium. Enzymes responsible for the production of mycolic acids are crucial for survival and virulence, making them interesting targets for therapeutic development. Species of most of the mycobacteria genus, which includes the pathogens that cause leprosy and TB, depend on them to survive. The organisms develop slowly and are more immune to different chemicals and lysosomal constituents of phagocytes than that of most bacteria because mycolic acids as well as other glycolipids prevent the entrance of chemicals.
You can learn more from the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/28475768
#SPJ4
Which lung value remained relatviely unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal?
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) lung value remained relatively unchanged when comparing a patient with an acute asthma attack, acute asthma attack with inhaler, and normal.
What is IRV?The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled following a normal tidal volume is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV). Deep breathing necessitates the utilization of IRV, which is typically maintained in reserve. 1900-3300 ml is the typical adult value.What brings to severe asthma attacks?Exposure to an allergen, such as dust mites, cockroaches, grass or weed pollen, or animal dander, can cause an asthma attack. Other frequent triggers are strong aromas like perfume and irritants in the air like smoke or chemical fumes.How does inspiratory reserve volume work?The extra volume of air that can be exhaled following a typical exhalation is known as the expiratory reserve volume (ERV). It is the amount held in reserve that may be exhaled in excess of what is typical. In contrast, the additional volume of air that can be inhaled after a typical inhalation is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).To learn more about inspiratory reserve volume visit:
https://brainly.com/question/9669175
#SPJ4
The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the:_____.
The muscular layer of the uterus that is the functional unit in pregnancy and labor is the Myometrium.
What are the three layers of uterus?The uterus is situated posterior to the rectum and anterior to the urine bladder. The body, cervix, and fundus are the three sections that make up the uterus.There are three tissue layers in the uterus, and they are as follows:The inner lining, or endometrium, is made up of the functional (superficial) and basal endometrium. Hormones related to reproduction affect the functional layer. Menstrual bleeding happens as a result of this layer shedding. The development of adhesions and fibrosis may follow injury to the basal endometrium (Asherman syndrome).The muscular layer, or myometrium, is made up of smooth muscle cells.The thin, epithelial-cell-based outer layer is known as the serosa or perimetrium.Learn more about the Parts of uterus with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/11903435
#SPJ4
Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more ________ and directly superior to the _______________
medially, Vaginal cuff
Following a hysterectomy, ovaries tend to be located more medially and directly superior to the vaginal cuff.
What is hysterectomy?The womb is surgically removed during a hysterectomy (uterus). After the procedure, you won't be able to become pregnant again. No of your age, if you haven't previously experienced the menopause, you won't have periods anymore.What three forms of hysterectomy are there?The procedure can be carried out through your vagina, three to four tiny incisions in your abdomen, or an incision in your lower abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) (vaginal hysterectomy).What drawbacks come with having a hysterectomy?Hemorrhage, intestinal injury, bladder injury, pulmonary embolism, severe anesthetic reactions, wound dehiscence, and hematoma are examples of major consequences. Additionally, blood transfusions are necessary for 10% to 15% of women who have hysterectomy procedures.To learn more about hysterectomy visit:
https://brainly.com/question/10863665
#SPJ4
The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are ________, and pet scans indicate that ________ subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.
The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are similar, and pet scans indicate that the same subcortical brain regions are active in men and women during orgasm.
Orgasm is a sudden feeling of intense pleasure which causes increase in pulse rate, blood pressure, heart beat and spasm of the pelvic muscle.
This spams of the pelvic muscle causes contraction of the lower vagina in women and contraction and ejaculation in the urethra of the men.
There is an increase in the amount of dopamine released by the brain during orgasm. Pet scans have revealed that same subcortical regions in the brain are activated during orgasm in both men and women.
It is seen the amygdala part of the brain is deactivated during orgasm which is associated with fear and anxiety.
To learn more about Orgasm here
brainly.com/question/6061119
#SPJ4
Which clinical manifestation, when found in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis?
Meconium ileus, in newborns, may indicate the presence of cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder mainly associated with cells capable of producing mucus. These cells are found in sweat glands, digestive system and lungs belonging to respiratory system. Thus, the abnormality in mucus production, in sticky and thick nature, disrupts the normal functioning of human body. They block the ducts and tubes, which can result in life threatening condition.
The mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis occurs in the gene CFTR, which is abbreviated form of Cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator. The primary function of gene is to regulate the exchange of fluids and salts present in the cells.
Meconium ileus refers to the inability of bowel movement in the newborn. This occurs due to thick and sticky mucus, which is indicative of cystic fibrosis, as discussed above.
Learn more about cystic fibrosis -
https://brainly.com/question/25129734
#SPJ4
explain how polar molecules can dissolve other polar molecules
Answer:
Explanation:
In a polar solvent, the molecules of solvent are attracted to each other by the partial charges on the ends of the molecules. When a polar solute is added, the positive polar ends of the solute molecules attract the negative polar ends of the solvent molecules and vice versa.
Hope this helps :)
The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is?
Answer:
Chemical digestion
Explanation:
This process is known as chemical digestion, where water and digestive enzymes are used to break down the molecules.
Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include?
Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus
Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus.
Can reproductive system infection be transmitted nonsexually?We usually observe that the infections of the reproductive system is sexually transmitted. But there are infections that are caused by microorganisms that can be caused non sexually. These are referred to as non sexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system. Which infections affect the reproductive system?In developing nations, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), trichomoniasis, and chancroid are some of the more prevalent bacterial illnesses.What exactly constitutes a significant infection of the reproductive system?An infection of one or more of the higher reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, is known as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Untreated PID can result in the formation of scar tissue and abscesses, which can harm the reproductive system permanently.Which conditions commonly affect the female reproductive system?ovarian tumors.diseases of the ovaries.Inflammatory disease of the pelvis.ovarian polycystic syndromepregnancy laborprimary ovarian insufficiency
To learn more about reproductive system diseases visit:
https://brainly.com/question/19488570
#SPJ4
Frogs and humans are more distantly related than are lizards and humans.
a. true
b. false
It is true frogs and human are more distantly related than are lizards and human. The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system.
What are the similarities between frog and human reproductive systems ?
The biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction is known as an organism's reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system. Numerous inanimate materials, including fluids, hormones, and pheromones, are crucial reproductive system add-ons.
Reproductive system of frog is responsible for producing gametes which are released in water for fertilizations. Similarities between human and frog's system are limited to that both possess paired testes or ovaries for production of gamete.
It is true that they are distantly related to each other , when genes in frogs have very similar neighboring genes as humans about 90 percent of the time.
To learn more about Humans and frogs refer
https://brainly.com/question/497517
#SPJ4
Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of?
Answer:
Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. this is most likely the result of angina.
Patients who have a systolic pressure of higher than 100 mm Hg and the recommended, unexpired medication should be given nitroglycerin. In the pre-hospital scenario, a patient should only get three (3) nitroglycerin pills or sprays. Regardless of whether the drug is otherwise appropriate for the situation of the patient, it is not a good idea to give a patient an outdated prescription. A sublingual tablet is available for oral administration of nitroglycerin. The pills are often taken as required, either five to ten minutes before performing tasks that might trigger angina episodes or as soon as an attack begins. The oral route is used in part to prevent medication breakdown. Sublingual absorption can, in general, be more effective for some medications than intestinal uptake.
You can also get more information from the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/28503883
#SPJ4
Why do scientists use diamonds to help them gain understanding of the
conditions inside the Earth?
Your answer
* 1 point
Answer:
Scientists use Diamonds instead of other Metals or Non-Metals to help them gain understanding of the conditions inside the Earth as Diamond is the hardest material discovered in this world so far. Its Melting Point and Boiling Point is extremely high, which explains why it doesn't melt when in contact with Lava.
Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because ________.
Glossopteris, a fossil found in africa, australia, india, south america, and antarctica, is significant because it demonstrated that all of the continents where the fossil is found must have been cold when the organism was alive.
This become a amazing continent that covered areas regarded nowadays as Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India and South America. The presence of Glossopteris become used as assisting proof for the progressive idea of “continental drift” at some stage in the mid twentieth century.
Glossopteris fossils offer essential proof for presently widespread distribution of continental plates withinside the Permian length that ended 250 million years ago. Fossils were discovered in areas as remote as Patagonia, India and southern Australia.
To learn more about continental drift here
https://brainly.com/question/15122129
#SPJ4
The fluid-mosaic model is ultimately the best depiction of the cell membrane because:________
The fluid-mosaic model eventually provides the most accurate representation of the cell membrane since it demonstrates that the layers' phospholipids and proteins can migrate.
What does "fluid mosaic model" mean?According to the fluid mosaic theory, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins are only a few of the components that are constantly flowing through the cell membrane.
This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier dividing the inner and external environments of the cell.
Who provided a model of a fluid mosaic?Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic theory in the early 1970s. This paradigm states that lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates make up membranes.
The fluid mosaic model is mosaic because of what?According to the fluid mosaic concept, the plasma membrane is made up of a variety of elements, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates, which give the membrane its fluid appearance.
learn more about fluid-mosaic model here
https://brainly.com/question/18793994
#SPJ4
Your lunch consists of an orange, wheat crackers and a glass of milk. Which part of your lunch will give you quick energy and which part will give you enough energy to get through the rest of the day?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbohydrates which are found in wheat crackers provide quick energy meanwhile lipids which are found in milk would provide the energy you need to get through the day
____are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Although microorganisms are considered to be harmful to the body, but there are numerous kinds of microorganisms that are beneficial to the body and are required by the body. Probiotics are an example of such kinds of microorganisms.
Probiotics can be described as live microorganisms which provide various health benefits to the body. The probiotics help in making the gut flora healthy.
Lactobacilli is a common probiotic that is found in foods such as yogurt. This kind of bacteria helps in the digestion of lactose and also can improve conditions such as diarrhea. Hence, probiotics should be included in the diet in order to keep your gut flora healthy.
To learn more about probiotics, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/13552143
#SPJ4
The golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures?.
Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.
The Golgi bodies are cell organelles. It comprises bundles of folded flattened membranous sacs. It's found in all the cells. The number of Golgi bodies is higher in the cells that participate in the synthesis and transporting of proteins. When proteins move to the Golgi apparatus from the endoplasmic reticulum. They are packed into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are membranous bound. After packing, these vesicles are stored. Whenever secretory vesicles are required then they move towards plasma member. Furthermore, fuse with it. By exocytosis, the contents present inside the cell leave the cell. An example of a secretory vesicle is lysosomes. It contains membranous walls that are formed by the Golgi apparatus.
Therefore, the Golgi complex packages cellular products into which secretory vesicles will be exported outside the cell.
To know more about cell organelles, refer to the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/2787889
#SPJ4
What are the functions of the stratum corneum layer of the skin? select all that apply.
The function of stratum corneum prevent unwanted materials from entering and excessive loss of water from existing the body.
What happens when the stratum corneum is damage?Damage of stratum corneum lead to multiply skin impairment including increase transepidermal water loss , redness,and susceptibility to infection or irritation by external factors.
The function of corneum stratum to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration chemicals and mechanical stress.
to learn more about Stratum Corneum click here
https://brainly.com/question/4083023
#SPJ4
at high ph dna bases are in a keto tautomeric state resulting in decreased h-bonding stability and denaturation of dna strands
At high pH DNA is susceptible to alkaline denaturation that occur due to the abundance of hydroxide ions. It breaks the hydrogen bond and remove the hydrogen ion from the DNA base pairs.
Tautomeric state occur when the instant isomerization of nitrogen base occur to an alternative hydrogen bonding form that result into mutation. After this the mutation is corrected by by DNA polymerases ability.
This automerization occur when a proton transferred from one site to another site by steps in which the solvent is intermediary.
DNA polymerases is an enzyme which is responsible for forming new copies of DNA that is in the form of nucleic acid molecules.
To learn more about polymerases here
brainly.com/question/13326597
#SPJ4
What structure is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?
The cell wall is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions. Bergey divided the kingdom Prokaryotae into four divisions in the first edition: Gracilicutes: they have a gram-negative cell wall. Firmicutes are bacteria with gram-positive cell walls.
Tenericutes are organisms that lack a cell wall. The microorganisms are classified into 35 different categories. These groups are not intended to constitute formal taxonomic ranks, but rather to carry on Bergey's practise of categorising bacteria into easily identifiable morphological groups. Cell walls: almost all bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls; however, archaea and eukaryotes do not.
To learn more about bacteria, click here.
https://brainly.com/question/8008968
#SPJ4
Metal blocks A and B both have the same mass. It requires 50 J to heat block A from 20°C to 45°C, whereas it requires 80 J to heat block B from 20°C to 45°C. Which has a greater specific heat?
Answer: Block B
Explanation: If it takes more Joules of energy to heat block B from one same temperature to another, and both blocks are the same mass, then block B has a higher specific heat
The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.
The correct option is A i.e that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
What is polypeptides ?
A polypeptide is a peptide chain that is longer, continuous, and unbranched. Therefore, along with nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others, peptides belong to the large chemical families of biological polymers and oligomers.
A protein is a polypeptide that has more than 50 amino acids, on average. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptides that are structured in a biologically useful manner. Proteins are frequently coupled to other proteins, other macromolecules like DNA or RNA, or complex macromolecular assemblies.
A polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids, whereas a peptide is two or more amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. One or more polypeptides can be found in proteins. Proteins are therefore extensive strands of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Question:
The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is
A) that carboxyl and amino groups join by a covalent bond and that a functioning protein can consist of several polypeptides.
B) the functional group of one amino acid joins with the carboxyl end of another via covalent bonds; proteins and polypeptides are the same things.
C) amino acids are joined via their hydroxyl groups with covalent bonds and many proteins make up a polypeptide.
D) polypeptides form via hydrolysis, forming hydrogen bonds between amino acids; proteins have a functional group whereas polypeptides do not.
To learn more about polypeptides click on the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/11136648
#SPJ4
What happens to pupil diameter when the eye is focused for near vision? What is the advantage of this change in diameter?
The diameter of the pupil contracts when the eye is focused for near vision. It permits the eye to focus on near objects to allow a clear vision.
The normal diameter of a pupil ranges from 2 to 4 mm to see an object at a larger distance or in bright light while to see an object nearby or in dark, it varies from 4 to 8mm in diameter. The reason behind this varying size in two different conditions occurs due to accommodation.
Accommodation is the process by which an eye enables optic changes, by changing the size of the pupil, to produce a clear image of an object placed at varying distances. A young human eye can see objects placed at distances to infinity or as near as 6.5 cm from the eye. Myopia, presbyopia, and hyperopia are some diseased conditions of eye vision that may require clinical assistance to correct the vision.
When the eye has to focus on a distant object, it normally dilates the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. If it is to focus on a nearby object, it contracts the pupil to prevent excessive light from entering the eye. Thus, the diameter of the pupil also contracts when focused to see a nearby object.
To know more about the diameter of pupil, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/506591
#SPJ4
The thread-like of the stamen is the (A. anther, B.stigma, C.filament, D.style).
Filaments are the thread like structure of the stamen.
Answer:
Its C.Filament
Explanation:
The stamen has 2 parts. Anthers & Filaments. Anthers are held up by a thread-like part called a filament. so the final answer would be C.
3
An elephant and a sea star are examples of...
Oinvasive species
O symbiotic species
Okeystone species
O native species
Answer:
Okeystone species
Explanation:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
You can learn more at:
brainly.com/question/13451225
#SPJ4
