a graduated cylinder contains 100 ml of a liquid. the mass of the graduated cylinder with the liquid is 145 grams. the mass of the graduated cylinder when empty is 45 grams. the liquid is most likely

When force is applied to the objects, then the shape of some objects deforms. It modifies the relative locations of the crystal lattice's constituent particles.

Interatomic or intermolecular forces begin to operate as soon as that occurs, and they have a tendency to return the solid to its former configuration. Force is defined as a physical quantity that has the power to alter an object's condition and shape. A force imparted to an object causes it to alter shape. For instance, a piece of metal changes shape when hit with a hammer. A contact force that is applied to an object externally is referred to as an applied force. The object moves or deforms as a result of the applied force. In general, an object moves in the direction of a force. Assume a pulley is used to raise it off the ground. In that situation, the object is moving in the opposite direction from where the force is being applied.

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Answer:

4:2 (2:1 simplified)

Explanation:

Check the coefficients!

Therefore, the lab instructor can make 6000 mL (or 6.00 L) of a 0.25 M solution from 60.0 grams of sodium hydroxide.

what is sodium hydroxide ?

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a highly caustic and reactive compound that is also known as lye or caustic soda. It is an inorganic base that is typically produced through the electrolysis of a sodium chloride (salt) solution.

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in many industrial processes

To find the volume (in mL) of a 0.25 M solution that can be made from 60.0 grams of sodium hydroxide, we can use the following formula:

moles of solute = Molarity x volume (in liters)

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide present in 60.0 grams:

moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass

moles of NaOH = 60.0 g / 40.00 g/mol (molar mass of NaOH)

moles of NaOH = 1.50 mol

Next, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the volume (in liters) of the solution:

volume = moles of solute / Molarity

volume = 1.50 mol / 0.25 M

volume = 6.00 L

Finally, we can convert the volume to milliliters:

volume (in mL) = 6.00 L x 1000 mL/L

volume (in mL) = 6000 mL

Therefore, the lab instructor can make 6000 mL (or 6.00 L) of a 0.25 M solution from 60.0 grams of sodium hydroxide.

To find percent by volume, we need to know the volume of solute and the volume of solution. Percent by volume is calculated as:

percent by volume = (volume of solute / volume of solution) x 100

To find Molarity, we can use the formula:

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

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Considering the frequency of non-polar bonds in each type of molecule, the molecule with the most potential energy should be the one with the highest number of non-polar bonds.

Non-polar bonds are stronger than polar bonds and so molecules with more of these bonds can store more energy due to their increased stability. For example, molecules with higher amounts of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds tend to have higher potential energies than molecules with more polar bonds such as oxygen-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar bonds are bonds between two atoms that have the same electronegativity, such as two atoms of carbon or two atoms of hydrogen. These bonds do not have a charge distribution and no molecules are attracted to them, which makes them non-polar. Polar bonds, on the other hand, are bonds between two atoms with different electronegativities, such as oxygen and hydrogen or nitrogen and hydrogen. These bonds have a partial charge distribution, which means that molecules are attracted to them, and this makes them polar.

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D. The lines connect points of equal air pressure.

Answer:

Arrhenius defined an acid as a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) as the sole cation.

Explanation:

Tell me if you still confuse

ALLEN

Soil can be conserved by removing trees. This statement is false.

Soil conservation is a set of practices used to keep soil from deteriorating. To begin with, soil conservation entails treating the soil as a living ecosystem. This entails continuously returning organic matter to the soil. Preventive maintenance on a car is analogous to soil conservation.

Organic or ecological farming entails reducing or eliminating the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, as well as cultivating rich, long-term balanced soil fertility through techniques such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and soil amendments such as compost and manure.

Thus,  Soil can be conserved by removing trees. This statement is false.

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Metallic bonding produces a material that, when solid, may conduct electricity.

The passage of electrons determines the conductance of electricity. Atoms and molecules in the crystal lattice are arranged in a certain way in the solid state with the help of metallic bonding. Therefore, the electrons shouldn't be permitted to travel at all. The solids must be in a constant condition since they cannot carry electricity. However, certain solid substances do carry electricity.

Conductors are solid substances that have the ability to conduct electricity. This group includes the metals. The delocalized electrons are what give this material such a high conductivity. The flux of electrons affects conductance. Metals have relatively loosely bonded valence electrons that are simple to remove from their orbitals. They boost the conductivity by producing an ocean of electrons.

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x is 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a binary ionic compound composed of sodium (Na) cations and chloride (Cl) anions.

The empirical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, which means that each formula unit of sodium chloride contains one sodium cation (Na+) and one chloride anion (Cl-).

Since the compound was found to contain 29.0% of chlorine by mass, the molar mass of the compound can be determined as follows:

Mass of Cl = 29.0 g Cl / 100 g compound

Mass of Na = 71.0 g compound - 29.0 g Cl

Moles of Cl = Mass of Cl / Atomic mass of Cl

Moles of Na = Mass of Na / Atomic mass of Na

Since the ratio of sodium cations to chloride anions is 1:1, the number of moles of sodium cations is equal to the number of moles of chloride anions. The empirical formula for the compound is therefore NaCl, and the value of x is 1.

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Answer:

0.225 moles

Explanation:

Looking at the balanced equation, 4 moles of Fe(s) react with 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex](g) to produce 2 moles of [tex]Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex](s). In other words, for every 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] (g) used, there are 2 moles of product [tex]Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex](s). The mole ratio is therefore 3:2. In other words, you  the moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] by [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] to find the moles of product.

There are 0.15 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex], so the moles of product should be  3/2 of this according to the molar ratio.

0.15 * [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] = 0.225

Your answer is 0.225 moles.

Hope this helps!

Each element has its own unique atomic line spectrum because the spectral lines are related to the energy levels of electrons in the atom.

When an electron in an atom gains energy, it jumps to a higher energy level. When it falls back down to a lower energy level, it releases the excess energy in the form of a photon of light. The energy of the photon corresponds to the energy difference between the two levels. Since each element has a unique arrangement of electrons and energy levels, the energy of the photons released by each element is also unique. These photons create a specific pattern of spectral lines that can be used to identify the element.

The spectral lines are also affected by the presence of other atoms or molecules in the environment. This is why the spectra of elements in a gas, liquid, or solid state can be different. Additionally, the spectral lines can be broadened or split due to various factors, such as magnetic fields or temperature.
The study of atomic line spectra is an important field of spectroscopy, which has many practical applications in fields such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, and materials science.

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Calculate the amount of 0.1 M PMSF required to make a final concentration of 1 mM in 200 ml of extraction buffer: 1 mM = 0.001 M moles of PMSF = 0.001 M x 0.2 L = 0.0002 moles volume of 0.1 M PMSF required = moles / molarity = 0.0002 moles / 0.1 M

To make 200 ml of extraction buffer with the desired concentrations, we need to calculate the amounts of each stock solution that we need to add. Here are the steps to follow:

Calculate the amount of 1 M Tris base required to make a final concentration of 10 mM in 200 ml of extraction buffer:

10 mM = 0.01 M

moles of Tris = 0.01 M x 0.2 L = 0.002 moles

volume of 1 M Tris base required = moles / molarity = 0.002 moles / 1 M = 0.002 L or 2 ml

Therefore, add 2 ml of 1 M Tris base to the solution.

Calculate the amount of 1 M HCl required to adjust the pH to 7.4:

The pH of the 1 M Tris solution is approximately 12.1. To adjust the pH to 7.4, we need to add HCl to the solution. The amount of HCl required can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

where pKa is the dissociation constant of Tris (8.1), [A-] is the concentration of Tris- (which is the same as the concentration of HCl we will add), and [HA] is the concentration of the protonated form of Tris.

Rearranging the equation, we get:

[A-]/[HA] = 10²(pH - pKa)

Substituting the values, we get:[HCl]/[Tris+] = 10²(7.4 - 8.1) = 0.158

[Tris+] = 0.01 M (since we are aiming for a 10 mM Tris concentration)

Solving for [HCl], we get:

[HCl] = 0.158 x 0.01 M = 0.00158 M

moles of HCl required = 0.00158 M x 0.2 L = 0.000316 moles

volume of 1 M HCl required = moles / molarity = 0.000316 moles / 1 M = 0.000316 L or 0.32 ml

Therefore, add 0.32 ml of 1 M HCl to the solution to adjust the pH to 7.4.

Calculate the amount of 0.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol required to make a final concentration of 1 mM in 200 ml of extraction buffer:

1 mM = 0.001 M

moles of 2-mercaptoethanol = 0.001 M x 0.2 L = 0.0002 moles

volume of 0.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol required = moles / molarity = 0.0002 moles / 0.2 M = 0.001 L or 100 µl

Therefore, add 100 µl of 0.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol to the solution.

1 mM = 0.001 M

moles of PMSF = 0.001 M x 0.2 L = 0.0002 moles

volume of 0.1 M PMSF required = moles / molarity = 0.0002 moles / 0.1 M

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The pressure values for propane and butane after each addition of water were not always the same.

This is due to the fact that the vapor pressure of a liquid is directly related to its boiling point. Propane has a boiling point of -42.1°C, whereas butane has a boiling point of 0.5°C. This means that at a given temperature, propane will have a higher vapor pressure than butane, resulting in higher pressure values when the same amount of water is added to each gas. This can be expressed mathematically by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which states that the vapor pressure of a liquid is directly proportional to its temperature.

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The percent abundance of zinc is approximately 73.8%, a sample whose density is 7.796 g/ml and the density for pure copper is 8.96 g/cm3 and the density of pure zinc is 7.13 g/cm3.

The term density is defined as the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together.

It is also defined as the mass per unit volume.

Formula: ρ = m/V,

where ρ is the density, m is the mass of the object and V is the volume of the object.

Density of mixture = (density of copper)(percent abundance of copper) + (density of zinc)(percent abundance of zinc)

Now, Converting the densities to consistent units, we have:

density of mixture

= (8.96 g/cm³)(0.01)(100 - x) + (7.13 g/cm³)(0.01)(x)

By simplifying and converting to g/mL, we get:

density of mixture = 0.0896 g/mL (100 - x) + 0.0713 g/mL (x)

density of mixture = 0.0896 g/mL (100) - 0.0896 g/mL (x) + 0.0713 g/mL (x)

density of mixture = 8.96 g/mL - 0.0183 g/mL (x)

Then, we can use the given density of the mixture (7.13 g/mL) to solve for x:

7.13 g/mL = 8.96 g/mL - 0.0183 g/mL (x)

0.0183 g/mL (x) = 1.35 g/mL

x = 73.8

Thus, the percent abundance of zinc is approximately 73.8%.

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Based on the information above, the following statement is true - Both mechanism 1 and 2 are consistent with the rate law.

The series of fundamental processes via which a chemical reaction takes place is known as a reaction mechanism. A multistep or complex reaction is one that involves two or more simple processes. A chemical species that is produced in one fundamental stage of a reaction and destroyed in the next is referred to as an intermediate. The rate-determining step is the one that moves the most slowly in a reaction system. The rate-determining phase establishes the rate law for the entire response by limiting the total rate.

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The molality of a solution that contains 2.33 g carvone in 17.6 ml of ethanol , the density is 0.7893 g/ml is 1.12 molal.

Mass of  carvone = 2.33 grams

Volume of ethanol = 17.6 mL

Density of ethanol = 0.789 g/mL

Molar mass carvone = 150.22 g/mol

Moles carvone = mass carvone  / molar mass carvone

Moles carvone = 2.33 grams / 150.22 g/mol

Moles carvone  = 0.0155 mol

Mass ethanol = density × volume

Mass ethanol = 0.7893 g/mL  × 17.6 mL

Mass ethanol = 13.89 grams = 0.0138 kg

Molality = moles carvone / mass ethanol

Molality = 0.0155 / 0.0138

             = 1.12 molal

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The table that shows a proportional relationship is given as follows:

x:  4    7    8  10

y:  2  3.5  4   5

Proportional Relationship:

A proportional relationship is a relationship between two variables with equal proportions. Another way to think about them is that in a proportional relationship, one variable is always a constant value multiplied by another variable. This constant is known as the "proportional constant".

Direct Proportional Relationship:

This type describes a direct relationship between two quantities. Simply put, when one value increases, the other value also increases and vice versa.

For example, when a car speeds up, it travels a longer distance in a given amount of time. In notation, a direct proportion is denoted by y ∝ x.

Inverse Proportional:

This type describes an indirect relationship between two quantities.

Simply put, when one value increases, the other value decreases and vice versa y ∝ 1/x. For example, by increasing the speed of a car, it can travel a fixed distance in less time.

Based on the Question:

For proportional ratios, the ratio between the output and input variables must be constant for all values ​​in the table, so the correct option is given in the third table as

2/4 = 0.5.

3.5/7 = 0.5.

4/8 = 0.5.

5/10 = 0.5.

and the ratio equation: y = 0 and 5 times.

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5 moles of oxygen reacting with excess hydrogen will produce 180.15 g of water.

Hard water contains high levels of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium ions. Water picks these minerals up as they pass through rocks, soil, and other natural materials.

Soft water is generally preferred for chemical reactions because it does not contain highly dissolved minerals. Hard water, however, can react with certain chemicals and interfere with the desired chemical reactions.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen to form water is 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O.

The molar mass of water (H2O) is estimated to be 18.015 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of 10 moles of water will be 10 mol x 18.015 g/mol = 180.15 g

Therefore, 5 moles of oxygen reacting with excess hydrogen will produce 180.15 g of water.

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0.03058 X 10^23 atoms of Au are there in one gram gold.

How many moles of atoms make up a gram?

The quantity of atoms or molecules per gram of atomic weight is known as Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 1023/mole. One mole of hydrogen comprises 6.022 1023 hydrogen atoms for one gram of hydrogen with an atomic weight of one gram.

The ratio of a substance's given mass in a chemical reaction to the mass of one mole of that material is the number of moles of that substance.

Gold's atomic weight (Au) is 196.97.

The Avogadro number is 6.023 x 10^23.

1 gram of gold is equal to (1/196.97)mole, or 0.005 mole.

3.058 X 1021 (0.005 mol X 6.023 X 10^23) = 0.03058 X 10^23 atoms.

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Among the given aqueous solutions, 0.25 M sucrose will have the highest boiling point. Boiling point of a substance is the point in which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding pressure.

Here we have given the molality of different aqueous solutions including 0.10 M [tex]Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] , 0.20 M glucose, 0.10 M [tex]NaCl[/tex], 0.10 M [tex]Sr SO_{4}[/tex] and 0.25 M sucrose.

The boiling point will be depending on the molality of each solution given. Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. When molality is higher boiling point also will be higher.

We are considering the solutions with same temperature and pressure. Now the solution with the highest molality will be the one with the highest boiling point.

0.10 M [tex]Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]: [tex]Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] has a molar mass of 142 g/mol, so 0.10 M means there are 14.2 g of [tex]Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] per liter of solution. If we assume the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, then the molality is 0.10 mol / 0.1 kg = 1.0 m.

0.20 M glucose: Glucose has a molar mass of 180 g/mol. That is 0.20 M means there are 36 g of glucose per liter of solution. If we assume the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, then the molality is 0.20 mol / 0.1 kg = 2.0 m.

0.10 M [tex]NaCl[/tex]: [tex]NaCl[/tex] has a molar mass of 58.5 g/mol. That is 0.10 M means there are 5.85 g of [tex]NaCl[/tex] per liter of solution. If we assume the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, then the molality is 0.10 mol / 0.1 kg = 1.0 m.

0.10 M [tex]SrSO_{4}[/tex]: [tex]SrSO_{4}[/tex] has a molar mass of 183.7 g/mol. That is 0.10 M means there are 18.37 g of [tex]SrSO_{4}[/tex] per liter of solution. If we assume the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, then the molality is 0.10 mol / 0.1 kg = 1.0 m.

0.25 M sucrose: Sucrose has a molar mass of 342 g/mol. That is 0.25 M means there are 85.5 g of sucrose per liter of solution. If we assume the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, then the molality is 0.25 mol / 0.1 kg = 2.5 m.

Therefore, the solution with the highest molality and hence the highest boiling point will be 0.25 M sucrose.

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The average rate of the reaction during the first 13.0 seconds is 0.00523 liters per second. The average rate of a reaction is a useful concept in chemical kinetics that allows us to study the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect these rates.

The average rate of the reaction during the first 13.0 seconds can be calculated as follows:

First, convert the amount of O2 produced from moles to liters using the volume of the reaction vessel:

0.018 mol x (0.380 L/1 mol) = 0.0684 L

Then, divide the volume of O2 produced by the time interval to obtain the average rate of the reaction:

0.0684 L / 13.0 s = 0.00523 L/s

So the average rate of the reaction during the first 13.0 seconds is 0.00523 liters per second.

The average rate of a reaction during a certain time interval is a measure of the change in the concentration of a reactant or product over that time interval. It is a useful concept in chemical kinetics, which is the study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect these rates.

In general, the average rate of a reaction can be calculated as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product over a given time interval, divided by the time interval. In this case, the average rate of the reaction was calculated as the change in the volume of O2 produced over a 13.0 second time interval, divided by the time interval.

The average rate of a reaction can be used to determine the overall rate of a reaction, as well as to study how the rate of a reaction changes over time. By measuring the average rate of a reaction at different points in time, it is possible to study the rate-determining step of a reaction and to determine the order of a reaction with respect to each reactant.

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Sodium benzoate is the product from the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.

A chemical reaction is defined as a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, known as products.

When NaOH is added to benzoic acid it neutralizes the benzoic acid producing the benzoate ion, which now goes into the aqueous layer, leaving other other two organic compounds in the ether. Similarly, it can be observed that nitroaniline that is not soluble in neutral or basic conditions, but is soluble in acidic type solutions.

The balanced chemical reaction is given as,

C₆H₅COOH(s) + NaOH(aq) → C₆H₅COO⁻Na⁺(aq) + H₂O(l)

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According to molar concentration, the  molarity of potassium chloride solution is 0.315 M.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In case of 2 solutions, it is calculated as, M₁V₁=M₂V₂ which on substitution gives M₁=0.105×60/20=0.315 M.

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Today was a difficult day. The sun's rays seemed to beat down on us like never before - the heat was unbearable.

What do you mean by the ozone layer?

The ozone layer is a region of Earth’s atmosphere located in the stratosphere, between 10 and 30 km above Earth’s surface. It is composed of ozone molecules, which are made up of three oxygen atoms (O3). The ozone layer acts as a shield, blocking most of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. This helps protect life on Earth from the harmful effects of UV radiation.

I can only imagine what life would be like without the ozone layer. Without the ozone layer protecting us, we are exposed to the damaging rays of the sun, including UV radiation.

The air quality is also much worse. With the ozone layer gone, there would be a huge increase in the amount of pollution in the air, leading to much more severe health issues for people than we currently experience.

It's also getting harder and harder to grow food. With the depletion of the ozone layer, crops are being destroyed by the intense heat, leaving us with much less food than we used to have.

It's a struggle to get through each day without the ozone layer. I miss the days when I could go outside and be comfortable, rather than feeling like I'm suffocating from the heat.

It's so hard to see the world suffer from the lack of an ozone layer. I can only hope that something is done soon to save us from this reality.

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Statement 3, which claims that equimolar amounts of bromine and the hydrocarbon are employed, is the only one that can be evaluated to be true or untrue based on the information provided.

A type of organic substances known as hydrocarbons is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are the most basic kind of organic chemicals and are present in both natural and artificial sources, such as plant oils, natural gas, and fossil fuels. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are some of the several structural subgroups that can be categorised according to their physical and chemical characteristics. Many crucial chemicals and goods, including plastics, detergents, and medications, are produced using hydrocarbons as fuels, solvents, lubricants, and raw ingredients. Their use, however, can also result in environmental issues including air pollution and climate change.

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Which statement among the given statements about a chemical reaction involving bromine and a hydrocarbon can be evaluated as true or false based on the information provided, and why are the other statements not able to be evaluated in the same way?

Answer:

D - Many, but not all, species of life on Earth were wiped out by these extinctions.

Explanation:

The major extinctions noted on the timeline indicate that many species of life on Earth were wiped out during these events, but not all. The extinctions had a significant impact on the biodiversity of life on Earth and shaped the evolution of life as we know it today. The fossil evidence shows that some species survived the extinctions, while others disappeared completely. These events provide a window into the complex history of life on Earth and the impact of environmental and geological factors on the evolution of life.

Answer:

D...................................

Explanation:

A plot of lnk vs. 1/T has a slope of -k k E a -Ea/R A. The pace of reaction increases as the concentrations of reactant molecules rise. The average kinetic energy of molecules increases as the reactant concentration rises, which is the best explanation for this occurrence.

Concentration in chemistry is calculated by dividing a constituent's abundance by the mixture's total volume. Mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration are four different categories of mathematical description.

According to the context, the term may or may not include ions that meet this requirement. A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.

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Voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels are generally found in neurons the axon origin of spinal cord.

All cells have an electrical implicit difference, or membrane eventuality, across tube membrane. the electrical implicit difference across tube membrane is a function of ions attention in the intracellular and extracellular results and of the picky permeabilities of ions.

In general, voltage-gated sodium( Nav) and voltage-gated potassium( Kv1 and KCNQ) channels are located in the axon, and Kv2, Kv4, and hyperpolarization- actuated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels( HCNs) are located in the dendrites. There are exceptions; for illustration, different types of voltage-gated calcium( Cav) channels and Kv3 channels are distributed in the axon and dendrites.

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Answer: Chemistry (mainly)

Explanation:

if you mean studying atoms, then yes, chemistry.