White blood cells' defective lysosomes prohibited them from killing engulfed bacteria.
What do white blood cells do?The body's immune system includes white blood cells. They aid the body in the battle against illness and infection. The three different types of white blood cells are lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) (T cells and B cells).
What causes chronic bacterial infections?Most often, bacterial "persisters"—a small subpopulation of bacteria that manages to survive an antibiotic onslaught by effectively shutting down and "sleeping" through it, even as their counterparts, who are awake, are killed off—are the source of chronic and recurrent infections.
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Rod-shaped bacteria synthesize new cell walls over the entire surface of the cell. True or false?.
Rod-shaped bacteria synthesize new cell walls over the entire surface of the cell. So the statement is true.
What is a bacterial cell wall?One thing to keep in mind is that not all bacteria have cell walls. Having said that, it is also crucial to remember that the majority of bacteria (about 90%) have cell walls, and these cell walls are normally either gram-positive or gram-negative.
A differential stain known as the Gram stain may be used in the lab to distinguish between the two distinct cell wall types. It was created in 1884 and has been in use ever since. At first, it was unclear why the Gram stain could reliably separate bacteria into two categories.
When the electron microscope was developed in the 1940s, it was discovered that variations in the cell walls were connected with staining variances. Gram-positive bacteria will stain purple after using this staining procedure, whereas gram-negative bacteria will color pink.
Therefore the statement is true.
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The amount of air exchanged at rest is called? a. vital capacity b. total lung capacity c. expiratory reserve volume d. tidal volume e. inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air exchanged at rest is called Tidal volume
Lung volumes or respiratory volumes is the volume of gas in the lungs during a respiratory cycle. there are four types of respiratory volumes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve and residual volume.
The tidal volume is the total amount of the air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle in normal condition. It is around 500mL. It is an important clinical parameter for proper ventilation to take place.
Inspiratory reserve volume is a supplementary volume which could be effectively inhaled after the inspiration of a standard tidal volume. It is about 2500- 3100 ml.
Expiratory reserve volume is the additional capacity of air which can be forcibly expelled exhaled after normal expiration. It is around 1200 ml.
Residual volume is the volume of air residing in lungs after expiration. It is around 1100- 1200 mL.
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Describe how distances in space are measured using the speed of light. Use Barnard's star as an example.
Distances in space are measured using the speed of light because light can travel through space and have very high speed.
How is distance measured with light?A light-year is a measurement that is used by astronomers to measure distance in space. A beam of light travels in one year about a distance of six trillion miles which is a very long distance. In a vacuum, light travels at the speed of 670,616,629 miles per hour. The speed of light is very fast so that's why the scientists used the speed of light for measuring long distance in space.
So we can conclude that distances in space are measured using the speed of light because light can travel through space and have very high speed.
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How could scientists use radioisotopes to study the function of the golgi apparatus?.
Scientists could use radioisotopes to study the function of the Golgi apparatus by tracking the radiolabelled sugars along with proteins in the Golgi apparatus.
Radioisotopes of radiolabelled sugars are attached to proteins within the Golgi apparatus and are used for purpose of function study and are found in eukaryotes which is a membrane-bound organelle. It is made up of cisternae in flattened, stacked pouches. Proteins and lipids are moved, altered, and packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and delivered to various locations. It is situated near the cell nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum present in the cytoplasm.
In an experiment to determine the route secreted proteins follow, radioactively labeled amino acids are added to a culture of cells involved in protein synthesis which is in a growing stage. The secretory vesicles have radiolabeled proteins received from the Golgi apparatus, which are joined with the plasma membrane to release outside the cell.
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In _____ diseases, the function or structure of the affected tissue or organs progressively deteriorates over time.
Degenerative diseases cause the affected tissue or organs to gradually lose their function or structural integrity over time.
Describe tissue:A collection of cells with similar structures and functions is referred to as a tissue. The intercellular matrix, a nonliving substance, fills the spaces between the cells. There might be a lot of this in some tissues and not much in others.
What four purposes do tissues serve?Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nerve tissue are the four basic tissue types, each of which is distinguished by its appearance and purpose. In addition to forming protective barriers, epithelial tissue plays a role in the transport of ions and molecules. Other tissue types are supported and anchored by connective tissue.
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6. bears were once present as far south as california. over time they have disappeared
in most of the lower 48 states. how might the influx of humans have influenced bear
populations?
Bears were once present as far south as California. Over time they have disappeared in most of the lower 48 states.
Human have influenced bear populations as they are a factor of resource competition for the bear species, due to the fact that the resource available in the environment have value to both humans and bears. Major changes in disturbance cycles and landscape mosaics brought by humans have further affected temporal and spatial pulses of bear food production. Air pollution has also affected bear food biomass on a small scale and is likely to have major future impacts on bear habitat climatic warming.
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The genetic information carried by dna is in the ___________ and their __________.
The genetic information carried by dna is in the the linear sequence and their nucleotides
A nucleotide is one of the structural components, or the building blocks, of the DNA and the RNA. A nucleotide is consists of the base (one of four chemicals: the adenine, the thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of the sugar and one of the phosphoric acid. Nucleotides are the organic molecules consisting of the nucleoside and of the phosphate. They serve as the monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – also deoxyribonucleic acid and the ribonucleic acid, both of which are essential of the biomolecules within all the life-forms on the Earth.
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Glutathione is used as a reducing agent (antioxidant) in cells to keep redox enzymes in a reduced state and remove toxic peroxides
a. true
b. false
True. Glutathione is used as a reducing agent (antioxidant) in cells to keep redox enzymes in a reduced state and remove toxic peroxides.
With regard to the reducing properties of glutathione, it plays to exhibit the role of an antioxidant that helps in scavenging electrophilic as well as oxidant species either in a direct way or by catalysis of enzymes. It can directly quench hydroxyl free radicals which are highly reactive, oxygen-centered free radicals, and DNA radical centers and on other biomolecules also.
Glutathione act as a ubiquitous tripeptide that contains thiol that plays a protective role of cells under a condition of oxidative stress. It also modulates the response of a cell to some kind of major redox changes through antioxidant gene expression regulation.
Thus the statement is true since glutathione act as a reducing agent to keep cells in a reduced state and also removes toxic peroxides.
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AHH HELP OMG :') Which of the following sets of features are adaptations to overcome the buoyancy aspect of the aquatic problem? Pick the best possible answer.
Tapetum lucidum, echolocation, electroreception
Caudal fluke, enlarged flippers, flattened tail
Insulation, repellant oil, altered metabolism
O Pachyostosis, osteosclerosis, gastroliths
Answer:
The second option
Explanation:
What type of inheritance accounts for the genotype of the mother being the direct determining factor in the phenotype of the offspring?
Maternal effect type of inheritance accounts for the genotype of the mother being the direct determining factor in the phenotype of the offspring.
Inheritance- The process of genes being passed from parents to children is referred to as inheritance. Genetic qualities are passed down through inheritance from parents to their kids, who receive all of their parents' genetic material.
Gene- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to kid. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
Phenotype- The visible traits of an individual that are the outcome of gene expression; the clinical manifestation of a person with a certain genotype.
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Which is not evidence for the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Mitochondria and chloroplast have similar DNA, which is not evidence for the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
According to the endosymbiotic theory, a chloroplast and a mitochondria were the independent prokaryotes. Both can be ingested by a large prokaryote and resist digestion. As a result, they continued as endosymbionts and eventually lost some of their autonomic properties. They divide by binary fission, have their own genetic material, possess 70s ribosomes, and Both include their own transcriptional and translational machinery.
Therefore, considering endosymbiotic origin theory, Both Mitochondria and chloroplast have similar DNA is not a piece of evidence.
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Classify the descriptions as pertaining to nucleosides, nucleotides, or both nucleosides and nucleotides.
Nucleosides - Do not contain a phosphate group, and are the product when a base bonds at C1 of ribose or deoxyribose
Nucleotides - Contain a base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group, are the monomers of nucleic acids, and can be named deoxyguanosine 5'- monophosphate
Nucleosides and Nucleotides - Are found in RNA and DNA, contain a base and a monosaccharide, and may contain either ribose or deoxyribose
What is nucleosides and nucleotides ?A nitrogenous base, typically a purine or pyrimidine, and the five-carbon sugar ribose are what make up nucleosides (bottom). A polynucleotide containing the carbohydrate ribose is referred to as a ribonucleotide or RNA. A nucleotide is simply a nucleoside with an additional phosphate group or groups (blue).
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The __________ is comprised of a thin sheet of proteins secreted by epithelial cells.
The basal lamina is comprised of a thin sheet of proteins secreted by epithelial cells.
The basal lamina is a rather thin and flexible layer about 40 to 120 nm thick formed by several types of molecules mainly extracellular matrix proteins secreted by the cells of the epithelium that form a mesh-like lattice and separate a large number of cells belonging to other tissues such as muscle and adipose.
What is a cell?A cell is the most basic and smallest form of life that exists in a living being, its parts are the membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles including the nucleus.
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Which three organelles are not associated with the golgi complex? what does this suggest about their origin
Centrioles, mitochondria, and nucleolus The golgi complex is not connected to three organelles.
Camillo Golgi initially noted the existence of the cell organelle that is now referred to as the "Golgi" in 1898 when he characterised nerve cells as having a "internal reticular"
Which of the following organelles is not a part of the Golgi complex in the endomembrane system?Because their functions are coordinated, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles are grouped together as an endomembrane system. However, the mitochondria are not regarded as a component of the endomembrane system.
Which of the following organelles is not a part of the Golgi complex in the endomembrane system?lysosomes, vacuoles, the golgi complex, and the endoplasmic reticulum
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The nurse assists and educates clients on the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity. which descriptions are best to educate about humoral immunity? (select all that apply.)
C. Destruction of antigens by antibodies and Protects the body against circulating disease producing antigens and bacteria are the best to educate about the Humoral Immunity.
Antibody- A protein produced in response to an antigen by plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response).
Antigen- Any substance that triggers the body's immune system to react negatively to it. Toxins, chemicals, germs, viruses, and other things originating from the outside of the body are examples of antigens. Antigens on body tissues and cells, including cancer cells, can elicit an immune response.
The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question,
The nurse assists and educates clients on the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity. Which would be the best description by the nurse to the clients about humoral immunity?
1. Destruction of antigens by antibodies
2. Destruction of antigens by T cells
3. Exposure to disease-causing organisms over one's lifetime
4. Protects the body against circulating disease producing antigens and bacteria
a) 3, 4
b) 1, 4
c) 1, 2
d) 2, 3
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HELP ME OUT ASPPP YOU WILL GET BRAINEST AND 20 points
Answer:
Electron
Explanation:
Electrons are on the outside protons and neutrons are in the middle
Intercellular junctions important in sealing the space between the cells and filling the gaps are called gap junctions. True or false?.
False,
Tight junctions are intercellular connections that are crucial for securing the gap between the cells.
Specialized tiny holes known as gap junctions "bridge the gap" between cells by joining their cytoplasm.
Tight Junction- The neighboring epithelial cells' upper lateral surfaces are encircled by tight junctions, which are thin belts that form fusion points or "kisses" at their intersections. They help the body create fluid compartments with different compositions and preserve the polarity of the cells.
Intercellular- The area between cells is known as the intercellular space. The cell's outer membranes surround it.
Cells- The simplest form that can sustain life on its own and makes up all living things, including the body's tissues.
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______ are carbohydrates that are not well digested by human enzymes, but they can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.
Prebiotics are carbohydrates that are not well digested by human enzymes, but they can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.
Prebiotics- Foods include whole grains, bananas, onions, garlic, and artichokes contain prebiotics. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics can be found as dietary supplements and are added to select meals. The connection between the gut microbiota and illness is still being studied.
Fermentation- An anaerobic process called fermentation allows glucose to release energy even in the absence of oxygen. In addition to yeast cells, bacteria and animal muscle cells also undergo some sort of fermentation. For instance, yeast uses fermentation to create alcohol from sugar in order to get energy.
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Active tissues generate carbon dioxide, which diffuses out of the tissue into the bloodstream, to be carried away. is this diffusion into the blood a case of flow up a gradient, or down? explain.
The carbon dioxide is created in the active tissues, which are at the bottom of the concentration gradient and have the highest concentration.
Why is a concentration gradient significant and what does it entail?Understanding how ions and particles flow randomly in a solution or gas depends on the concentration gradient.It is the method used to move particles in a solution from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.What function does the gradient in concentration play in diffusion?Therefore, the concentration gradient symbolises the idea that, during diffusion, molecules move down the concentration gradient in a manner similar to how a ball rolls down a hill. Diffusion rates will increase with increasing concentration gradients. The gradient evens out as the molecules move toward equilibrium.
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The genetic information carried by dna is in the ___________ and their __________.
The genetic information carried by DNA is in the bases and their sequence.
DNA is known to be the hereditary molecule through which information is passed from parents to offspring. Genetic information lies in the bases and their sequence for an organism.
The DNA is made of four nucleotides which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In the DNA, the nucleotide base adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and the nucleotide base cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
It is the pattern of sequence of these four nucleotides which interprets the genetic information carried by the DNA in an organism. The sequence of the bases, through transcription, forms mRNA which is translated into proteins.
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3.1 Explain FOUR mechanisms that the South African government is using deal
The South African government does everything in its power to combat crime.
It has developed a national crime prevention strategy that examines various areas of crime,
Taking the government as an example
1- is seeking a compilation of crime data. The government is looking into the issue because crime data is highly unreliable.
2-is seeking media organizations to assist in spreading awareness of certain offences. They want to educate the public about fighting and violent crime.
3. Classifying crimes and assigning punishments to each category. This is for criminals who need to be aware of the penalties they will face.
4-Increasing the executive authority of weapons, identifying smuggling routes, collaborating with neighboring states, etc. to bring the existing crime rate under some control.
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Would water still be a polar molecule if it were not in the form of a v but rather were linear like carbon dioxide?
No, water would not be a polar molecule if it were not in the form of a v but rather was linear like carbon dioxide.
When two different atoms combine, due to their different electronegativities the electrons get shifted towards one atom which results in the molecule becoming polar.
The polarity of a bond is given by its dipole moment, which is a vector quantity and is represented using an arrow.
The H2O molecule is V-shaped and the CO2 molecule is linear, as shown in the adjoining diagram.
We can see that the dipole moments in the case of H2O have an angle between them, so they do not cancel each other and H20 becomes a polar molecule
While in the case of CO2, the dipole moments are in the opposite direction and cancel each other, so CO2 is non-polar.
If H2O were linear like CO2, then the dipole moments would have canceled each other and H2O would be non-polar.
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A human develops a fever when ill. A dog pants when overheated.
Which characteristic of life do these examples demonstrate?
A. homeostasis
B. heredity
C. metabolism
D. growth
Worth 69 points
Answer:
a) Homeostasis
Explanation:
These examples represent homeostasis. It is the ability of an organism to regulate its internal environment. Therefore, the option (a) is the correct answer.
After you narrowly avoid a car accident, you begin to calm down. this response is influenced by the __________ nervous system.
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
when you done something like it your body will response with simple reflex action which and its response from the central nervous system
When part of a molecule, what is the typical number of bonds and nonbonding pairs of electrons for each of these atoms?.
Answer:This means the halogens are typically just 1 bonding pair and 3 lone pairs.
Explanation:
Cells first digest nucleic acids into nucleotides, then use those nucleotides to produce DNA and RNA inside the cell.
Which data would best support this argument?
Question 3 options:
A decrease in the amount of DNA and RNA produced by the cell.
An increase in the amount of DNA and RNA produced by the cell after it has taken in nucleotides broken down from raw fruits and vegetables.
A decrease in the amount of DNA and RNA in a cell after it has broken down the nucleotides inside the cell to use for energy.
An increase in the amount of ATP produced by the cell after it takes in nucleotides for energy.
The data that best support the agreement is as follows: an increase in the amount of DNA and RNA produced by the cell after it has taken in nucleotides broken down from raw fruits and vegetables (option B).
What are nucleic acids?Nucleic acids are chain-like biological macromolecules consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphate, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases (nitrogenous bases).
Nucleic acids are the DNA and RNA found in the nucleus of living cells.
According to this question, cells first digest nucleic acids into nucleotides, then use those nucleotides to produce DNA and RNA inside the cell.
This suggests that the data that best supports the aforementioned argument is that an increase in the amount of DNA and RNA produced by the cell after it has taken in nucleotides broken down from raw fruits and vegetables.
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Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane?
The stratum basale is a single layer of cuboidal basal cells attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes that contain integrins. Adjacent cells are attached by desmosomes that contain cadherins
What is plasma membrane ?The membrane that divides the interior of the cell from the external environment is known as the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and it is present in all cells. A cell wall is affixed to the plasma membrane on the exterior of bacterial and plant cells.
The inner cell organelles and the exterior environment are physically separated by the plasma membrane. Only a limited range of molecules can enter and exit the cell through the selectively permeable plasma membrane.Learn more about Plasma membrane here:
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The scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes is known as:_____.
The scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes is known as biological psychology.
In simple terms, we can describe biological psychology as a study in which the biological aspects of psychology are concerned.
Various biological bases, other than the brain, such as the nervous systems, hormones, and DNA are involved in a psychological response produced by a person. The study of these various aspects comes under biological psychology.
The various nervous system actions, hereditary features, chemical messages, and reactions that all work in providing a psychological response are studied under biological psychology.
Apart from the biological features, there are many other factors that play an active role in generating a psychological response. For example, environment, social cultures, drugs, etc.
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The value that stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron is known as?
The value that stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron is known as resting potential.
Neurons are the nerve cells. These are the longest cell in the human body. The structure of a neuron comprises of a cell body from which arise the various branch-like extensions called the dendrites. From one end emerges the axon that ends at the axon terminal.
Resting potential is the potential difference of ions across the plasma membrane when the cell is resting and no nerve impulse is being conducted. The value of resting potential is approximately -70 mV in majority of the neurons.
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1
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Mark's dentist gives him a shot before performing a root canal. The dentist says the shot is anesthesia and that Mark won't feel any pain. Mark
feels his gums going numb, while the rest of his body is working fine. What has the anesthesia actually done?
The anesthesia has blocked
from carrying signals t
Answer:
doesn't have to be your friend
