A 9th grade student in a biology class views a sample of pond water under a microscope. She observes unicellular organisms with cell parts including chloroplasts, a flagellum, and a nucleus. She observes the organism ingesting (eating) food for energy. Which kingdom is this organism in?

Answer:

Humans originated from Africa around 200,000 - 2 million years ago. There is fossilized evidence from back then that tells us when we humans may have formed. We went through about 15 different evolutions until coming to what we are today. To answer your other question, no, we are not alone in the universe, because we are united with many other organisms and life forms that live alongside us.

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Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in the following ways:

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei.

On the other hand, prokaryotes are organisms whose cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

Therefore, it can be said that eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in the following ways:

The options to the incomplete question is as follows:

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If earth is a closed system then we can't bring anything in or out.

A closed system is one in which only energy can be transported while no matter does, meaning that only energy can enter and exit the system while no matter does. Since it permits energy to enter and exit, the closed system can alternatively be said to be partially open.

An open system is one in which matter and energy are actually being transported or exchanged. Both matter and energy are able to enter and exit the system. In terms of the exchange of stuff, Earth is unquestionably a closed system, but it is an open system for the movement of energy. Therefore, under the said circumstances in terms of the outcome of environmental problems, we are unable to bring anything in or take anything out.

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The largest mass of living material on earth comes from the largest mass of living material on earth comes from microorganisms

A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorised as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.

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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is Fast glycolytic fibres.

Skeletal muscle fibers are the muscle fibres that are responsible voluntary movement of the body.

There are three types of skeletal muscles slow twitch oxidative, fast twitch oxidative and fast twitch glycolytic.

slow twitch support support the long distance endurance activities like marathon running. Fast twitch muscle support quick , powerful movements such as sprinting or weightlifting.

Fast twitch glycolytic fibres are fast twitch muscle which are converted via endurance training.  They are larger in diameter and have more mitochondria and blood supply.

It is the most powerful type of the skeletal muscle fibres

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The structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering is called guard hairs or vibrissa.

The nostril is either of the two orifices located on the nose and used as a passage for air and other gases to travel the nasal passages.

The ear canal is the tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.

These two locations are very tender and delicate, which indicates that they need extreme protection from danger.

Also, since they are tubes or passage areas to the internal parts of the body, they require protection to prevent foreign particles from entering.

Therefore, the structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering is called guard hairs or vibrissa.

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The incretins are classic hormones signaling molecules.

Endocrine signaling serves as an illustration of long-distance communication between cells, organs, and glands that produce hormones and cells that contain hormone receptor molecules. In order to be dispersed throughout the body, hormones must typically be secreted into the bloodstream as tiny molecules called glycoproteins. Although the brain is frequently the source of endocrine signals, other glands and organs, such as the thyroid, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs, also create hormones.

A group of hormones involved in metabolism called incretins encourage a drop in blood glucose levels. As a result of a blood glucose-dependent process, incretins are generated after meals and increase the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Signals, also known as class hormone signals, are molecules.

They play a variety of physiological tasks, one of which is controlling the amount of insulin released after meals. There are two incretins: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (GLP-1). Endocrine signals, often referred to as class hormone signals, are chemicals that make up incretins.

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They found that some mutations that each produced mutant phenotypes separately yielded wild-type phenotypes when present together in the same DNA.

A mutation is a change in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's genome, a virus' genome, or extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome. Errors that occur during mitosis, meiosis, or viral replication led to mutations. The term phenotype refers to all of an organism's observable traits that emerge from the interplay of its genotype (total genetic inheritance) and environment or mutation.

There are two different sorts of phenotypes: wild type and mutant phenotype. Wild type refers to people who have the normal phenotype that the bulk of the natural population possesses, whereas mutant refers to people who have a phenotype that differs from the normal population.

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The change of phase of water from liquid to gas is known as evaporation.

Evaporation is one of the major processes in the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle represents the cyclic movement of water molecules across various spheres of the earth.

During evaporation, water molecules in liquid form gain energy and transform into gas molecules, otherwise known as water vapor.

Evaporation represents one of the processes that lead to the formation of clouds. The condensation of the evaporated water leads to precipitation.

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Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. For cell transport, diffusion is the movement of small molecules across the cell membrane.

The transfer of particles from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration is known as diffusion. The total result equalises focus across the board for the medium.

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Microsystem

According to ecological theory, the people closest to a developing child represent his or her microsystem.

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We all start out as one cell. cell differentiation, or specialization, occurs when early embryo cells switch off certain unneeded genes.

Cell differentiation is the process in which the cell divides and changes their functional or phenotypical type. They are specialized and differentiated to perform a particular function. For example, epithelial cells, nerve cells, smooth muscle cells.

The cells in the embryonic stage are pluripotent and can divide to form the whole body. They are not specialized and have the ability to differentiate into any cell of the body.

In embryonic stage, some of the genes are switched off in certain cells which enable them to differentiate into a particular type of cell.

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Blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, with the layers in the middle of the lumen flowing fastest. this is known as laminar flow.

The majority of the circulatory system typically operates with laminar flow. It is characterised by parallel motion of concentric layers of blood along a blood vessel's length. The middle of the vessel has the highest velocity (Vmax).

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Answer:

Biology

Explanation:

Bio=life

Biology is the study of life

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Located on the basilar membrane are(is) the organ of Corti containing hair cell sensory receptors for the sense of hearing.

The organ of Corti is also called basilar papilla which is a complex form of neuroepithelium composed of hair cells sensory receptors and supporting cells. In addition to these sensory and supporting cells, the organ of Corti also consists of a tectorial membrane. Endolymph which is a potassium-rich fluid surrounds the organ of Corti. The organs known as scala tympani and scala vestibule are present under and above the basilar papilla respectively.

The function of the organ of Corti is to generate electrical signals based on the sounds and transmit these signals to the brainstem through the passage of auditory nerves.

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Answer:

nutrition and hormones

Explanation: hope it helps

The cells that support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity among neighboring neurons, and removing waste products are known as glial cells.

Glial cells or gliocytes are non-neuronal cells found in the nervous system. They are called non-neuronal cells because they do not have an action potential or produce electrical impulses. Therefore, they don't partake in information transmission.

Glial cells act as the 'housekeepers' of the nervous system. They hold and support neurons in place, supply oxygen and nutrients to the neurons, help to isolate one neuron from another, remove waste products and dead neurons, and help destroy pathogens.

There are various subtypes of glial cells, including the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia.

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The small, almond-shaped organs of the female reproductive system, suspended by ligaments in the upper lateral portion of the pelvic cavity are known as ovaries.

Ovaries are oval-shaped so are also termed almond-shaped organs and are present on the sides of the uterus in females. In females, the processes of pregnancy and ovulation which is also termed menstruation are controlled by the hormones that are made by ovaries. These hormones include estrogen and progesterone. Another major function of the ovary is that it releases the female gametes known as eggs during the menstrual cycle.

The ovaries are attached to two types of ligaments which are the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament. Ovaries are connected to the womb by the ovarian ligament while the suspensory ligaments of the ovary contain the ovarian vessels and nerves.

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The invaginations of the mitochondria, which increase the surface area of the inner membrane, are called cristae.

Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle. It is also referred as: powerhouse of the cell. This is because mitochondria is associated with the formation of energy for the cell. Mitochondria also possess its own DNA. Cells like the muscle cells more amount of mitochondria as they require more energy.

Cristae are the finger-like projections of the inner membrane of mitochondria. They are supposed to increase the surface area of the organelle so that more amount of ATP can be produced for the cell. At the membrane is embedded the ATPase that produces the ATP.

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Genetically engineered (GE) seeds were commercially introduced in the United States for major field crops in 1996, with adoption rates increasing rapidly in the years that followed.

Currently, more than 90 percent of U.S. corn, upland cotton, and soybeans are produced using GE varieties.

Most of these GE seeds are herbicide tolerant (HT), insect resistant (Bt), or both (stacked). The share of U.S. soybean acres planted with HT seeds rose from 7 percent in 1996 to 68 percent in 2001.

Adoption rates for HT corn grew relatively slowly at first but then plateaued at 89 percent in 2014. Meanwhile, the share of Bt corn acreage grew from approximately 8 percent in 1997 to 82 percent in 2020.

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Hydrophilic amino acids such as serine, threonine, arginine, etc. are expected to be on the solvent-exposed surface once it folds.

Amino acids are the molecules essential for the synthesis of proteins. These amino acids join together by peptide bond to form the protein. The structure if any amino acids includes a hydrogen atom, a variable R group an amino group and a carboxylic group attached to one carbon atom called the alpha carbon.

Hydrophilic means water loving. Those substances that are hydrophilic can easily interact with the water molecules. The hydrophilic amino acids are arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, lysine, serine, threonine, etc.

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The submucosa houses numerous mucous glands that provide thick, lubricating mucus for the epithelium.

What is a mucous gland?

Mucous gland, also known as muciparous glands, are found in several different parts of the body, and they typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation.

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An action potential is generated by the movement of positive ions

Action potentials are short electrical signals that neurons use to interact with one another. The movement of certain ions into and out of the neuron causes these fleeting changes in the voltage across the membrane. The membrane is primarily permeable to K+ when the body is at rest, which causes the membrane potential to form. In response to depolarization, an action potential starts at the axon hillock. An electrical stimulus causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open during depolarization. The positive charge of the sodium ions causes them to rush back into the cell, shifting the potential there from negative to more positive. An action potential is generated when a threshold potential is met. Only once a threshold has been met will action potentials happen.

Following depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels start to shut. Voltage-gated potassium channels open as a result of the positive potential inside the cell, and K+ ions then exit the cell via their electrochemical gradient. The membrane potential shifts more negatively and begins to get closer to the resting potential as the K+ leaves the cell.

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On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.

A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is a part multiple food chains. The importance of food webs is to describe feeding relationship among species in a community.

A food web is a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community that is formed by the natural interconnection of food chains. The food web is also known as a consumer-resource system.

On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.

Approximately 10% of the stored energy of  an organism at  one level of a food web is transferred to the tissue of the organism that consumes it at the next level of the food web.

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The actual length of an animal cell is 0.01 mm. If you wanted to draw adiagram of the cell to scale using a magnification of x2500, the length of your drawing have to be 25mm.

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size

Given,

Actual size, A = 0.01mm

Magnification, M = x2500

Then,

            [tex]I = MX A\\I = 2500 X 0.01\\I = 25[/tex]

The Image size, I = 25mm.

Magnification is the method of increasing the alleged size, not the actual size, of an object. This increase is quantified by a premeditated number called magnification. When the magnification number is smaller than one, it directs to a decrease in size, occasionally called de-magnification.

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A desirable nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.

The Metabolic function may be characterized as the instance when your body utilizes a process known as metabolism in order to convert food and liquids into energy.

This complicated approach significantly includes calorie-dense foods and beverages that remarkably authorize your body to liberate the energy it requires to function.

Metabolic processes typically include numerous chemical reactions that keep you alive. One major example of metabolism is the rate at which you burn fat and consume calories. The constant anabolic and catabolic chemical and physical processes that take place in living things and their cells.

Therefore, a desirable nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.

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We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.

There are three seasons on earth namely winter, summer, and rainy season. In the winter season, the temperature is cold and during summer the temperature is higher.

Timing and characteristic of season depend upon the location of the earth. The time of a year region experience season depends on it is northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere.

The southern hemispheres experiences winter while northern hemisphere experiences summer. The cycle of seasons is caused by earth's tilted towards the earth. The planet rotates around an axis.

Therefore, We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.

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According to Freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a fixation on the issue and therefore a psychological problem associated with this matter.

The psychosexual conflict in Freud's thinking refers to any type of fixation on an earlier development because he believed that children face different conflicts that should be solved in order to continue the next step.

In conclusion, according to Freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a fixation on the issue and therefore a psychological problem associated with this matter.

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