2. (a) Identify the range diagram above in which most of the species population is found. Explain why this is the case:
________________________________________________

(b). Describe the greatest constraints on an organism's growth and reproduction within this range: ________________________________________

Answer:

Scientists use Diamonds instead of other Metals or Non-Metals to help them gain understanding of the conditions inside the Earth as Diamond is the hardest material discovered in this world so far. Its Melting Point and Boiling Point is extremely high, which explains why it doesn't melt when in contact with Lava.

The law of segregation would predict that the f2 progeny of f1 heterozygous plants will exhibit a 3:1 phenotypic ratio and a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio.

The Law of segregation was presented by Mendel to describe the characteristics of specific traits in organisms during gamete development.

According to this law, each gene has a particular allele that serves as a carrier of definite traits.

During the segregation process. the alleles separate and carry the dominant traits that will decide the characteristics of phenotypes of the next generation or offspring. This is also known as 'the law of inheritance.

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Answer:

Okeystone species

Explanation:

The arrow points to the hydroxide ion.

An ion is a specie that is formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus any specie that carries a charge whether positive or negative could be called an ion. In this case, we have a system that has three ions in it. The hydrogen ions, the hydroxide ions and the hydronium ions.

As we can see, the red color stands for oxygen, the grey color stands for hydrogen. Looking at the image, we can see that the direction in which the arrow point is a specie that has only red and ash colors thus this corresponds to  the hydroxide ion.

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Compact bone is characterized by many cylindrical osteons. osteons are formed by layers of nested cylinders each called lamella.

What is compact bone?

The dense, hard outer layer of all bones in the human body is composed of compact bone, sometimes referred to as cortical bone. One of the two forms of bone tissue, compact bone serves largely to strengthen and protect bones. Spongy bone is the other form of bone tissue.

Lamella is the nested cylinders from which osteons are formed and than from this osteons the compact bone is characterized.

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In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences.

The DNA is the genetic material that is found in human beings. The DNA of a person contains the information that could be passed on from parents to the offspring and this is  the basis of inheritance.

In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences , focusing on those areas of DNA that are thought to be involved in the disorder.

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Answer:

C. DNA

Explanation:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, may look like a curly string

Answer:

Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.

Explanation:

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A thin layer of tissue called the cerebral cortex covers the brain's two hemispheres, collectively known as the cerebrum.

The cerebral cortex is a layer of the cerebrum that covers both the right brain hemisphere and the left brain hemisphere associated with the highest skills as motor functions.

In conclusion, a thin layer of tissue called the cerebral cortex covers the brain's two hemispheres, collectively known as the cerebrum.

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When a parent cell divides to create two identical daughter cells, the process of the nuclear division known as mitosis takes place in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis refers particularly to the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in the nucleus during cell division.

There are many terminologies related to mitosis which add value to the process and make it easy to understand and some of these terms are:

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The correct order of DNA replication is: (2) DNA unwinds at the origin of replication; (4) Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both direction; (3) Primase synthesizes RNA primers; and (1) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.

DNA replication is the process where the copies of DNA are formed. The process occurs inside the nucleus of the cell in eukaryotes. The replication occurs in 5' to 3; direction. One leading and one lagging strands are formed.

DNA Polymerase is the main enzyme involved in DNA replication. There are three types of DNA polymerase in prokaryotes while in eukaryotes there are 5 types.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is:

In what order does initiation of DNA replication proceed (from 1 = first to 4 = last)?

(1) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.

(2) DNA unwinds at the origin of replication.

(3) Primase synthesizes RNA primers.

(4) Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both direction.

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Answer:

Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.

Minimize all chemical exposures.

Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers.

Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.

Explanation:

Infancy is a sensitive period in terms of brain development especially due to its ability to adapt and learn from experiences.

Sensitive periods are the period in which an individual is more sensitive to various experiences and environments. He learns from his experiences and makes himself adapt to the environment. It occurs during prenatal and postnatal periods when development generally occurs slower. For example, a child learns his native language slowly while living in an environment and learns more experiences.

Sensitive periods in terms of brain development are when synapses and their neural routes are created earlier than other times. The formation of synapses and neural pathways is termed synaptogenesis. During this period, the brain prepares itself to learn from experiences and adapt itself to the environment.

An infant when exposed to a certain type of environment would develop his skills and intelligence accordingly. This is why it is often referred to as the sensitive period of development.

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Option(B) monophyletic is the right answer.

The grouping that includes turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, birds, and bats is monophyletic.

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Coputerized devices are used to detect glaucoma, precise the cataract procedure and check for retinal tears.

Regular people may find the tools used by optometrists daunting, which is why many avoid or persistently put off getting their yearly eye exams. However, these tools are quick, effective, and incredibly accurate at determining the condition of the eye.

The common instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to perform eye exams are listed below.

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A multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a green plant.

Plants are organisms that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis.

They are multicellular eukaryotes that includes chloroplasts in their cells, and have a cell wall.

Plants are regarded to be autotrophic in nutrition because they can synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis that takes place in their chloroplasts.

This suggests that a multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a green plant.

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This is an example of paracrine signaling.  

A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries and transfers the signal between neurons. Some examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine.

The process in which one cell responds to the other cell or outside the cell is called cell signaling. There are three types of cell signaling:

The cells which release neurotransmitter and affect neighboring cell is an example of Paracrine signaling.

Endocrine signaling is an example of long distance communication between hormones.

In autocrine signaling the signaling molecules target cell itself.

Therefore, This is an example of paracrine signaling.  

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Option (d) fibroblasts is the correct answer.

Fibroblast is the most common cell type of connective tissue proper.

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The fine adjustment knob on the microscope fine-tunes the focus.

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Every chromosome contains numerous genes, and each cell contains approximately 20,000 genes.

Chromosome consist of long strands of DNA which forms the genetic material of the organisms. The DNA is interwinded with the help of histone and non histone protein to form the chromosome. Human cell have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Chromosomes is most prominent during the metaphase stage of cell division.

It contains all the genetic material that is needed to be transferred to the daughter cell.

Genes are segments of DNA that are present in the chromosomes and code for a particular protein that is having one or more function in the body. They form a part of the chromosome. We have around 20,000 genes.

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Lu and Pedro share 99.7 percentage of their genes,

Gene- The fundamental structural and operational component of heredity is a gene. DNA is the component of genes. Some genes serve as blueprints for the synthesis of proteins. Many genes do not, however, code for proteins. A few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases make up a gene in a person.

Heredity- The whole of biological mechanisms via which certain traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate. This knowledge may be handed on from one generation to the next thanks to DNA molecules.

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In the given experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis;

Photosynthesis is the process by which plant use the energy of sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts which are membrane-bound organelles found in the leaves of plants,

The green pigment chlorophyll, found within the chloroplasts is the responsible for the reactions of photosynthesis.

The rate of photosynthesis increases with increase in the number of chloroplasts as well as with increase in the amount of sunlight.

Considering the  experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant:

The rate of photosynthesis can be measured as the volume of oxygen released by a plant per minute. The number of bubbles of gas released per minute from waterweed is counted.

Oxygen gas as well as water vapor is collected above the test tube. therefore, the gas collected is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor.

The graph shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases with increase in light intensity.

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Answer:

4/25

Explanation:

bag contains 6 clear marbles and 4 red marbles = 6+4=10

chance of red marble = 4/10

4/10=2/5

Now, probability of getting a red marble the first time AND a red marble the second time = (2/5) x (2/5)=4/25

For the polymerization of amino acids to form a protein, one would expect the entropy change in the reaction to be negative . this entropy change is expected because small monomers are joining to form polymer which decreases the degree of freedom.

Negative entropy change occurs when non-spontaneous change occur in the system. It means something which is more disordered will become less disordered hence energy will be required for the process.

As the monomers of the amino acids binds together to form a long polypeptide chain. It will lead to decrease in the degree of freedom of the amino acids molecule. Hence it can be called as negative entropy change.

Whenever monomers are joined together to form a macromolecule it will be show a negative entropy change.

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Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus

Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Some organisms in the Phylum Mollusca can communicate through pigmented cells called chromatophores.

Chromatophores are pigment containing cells that produce colour. Chromatophores can be found in a wide range of animals including reptiles, fish, cephalopods and amphibians. Cephalopods, under the phylum Mollusca often use their chromatophores for communication and as a type of camouflage.

Based on their colour under white light, chromatophores can be grouped into; erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), leucophores (white) and cyanophores (blue).

The octopus and other members of the phylum Mollusca change their colours through complex chromatophore organs controlled by muscles.

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At high pH DNA is susceptible to alkaline denaturation that occur due to the abundance of hydroxide ions. It breaks the hydrogen bond and remove the hydrogen ion from the DNA base pairs.

Tautomeric state occur when the instant isomerization of nitrogen base occur to an alternative hydrogen bonding form that result into mutation. After this the mutation is corrected by by DNA polymerases ability.

This automerization occur when a proton transferred from one site to another site by steps in which the solvent is intermediary.

DNA polymerases is an enzyme which is responsible for forming new copies of DNA that is in the form of nucleic acid molecules.

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The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on prevention of psychological disorders rather than on treatment only.

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Answer:

True: Neurotransmitters are released at chemical synapses in reaction to a gradual depolarization of a synaptic terminal.

The basic building block of the neurological system is indeed the neuron. A junction known as a synapses connects neurons in the neurological system. Neurotransmitters, which are released into synapses by neurons, are used for communication.

A stimulus that causes this nerve's resting membrane potential activates a presynaptic neuron. An action potential is then carried by the presynaptic nerve.  The chemicals   called neurotransmitters are being secreted into synapses together with action potential after passing via synaptic terminals.

Synaptic terminals get depolarized as a response of action potentials travelling thru the axon at those terminals. Depolarization causes the synaptic ion channels to open. In light of this, we may state that within a chemical synapse, neurotransmitters are released in response to a gradual depolarization of the synaptic terminal.

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